The document discusses interest rates and how they work. It explains that interest rates are the price of borrowing money, and exist to compensate lenders for the risk that borrowers may default. The higher the risk of default, the higher the interest rate a lender will charge. It also discusses how interest rates affect borrowing and the economy - lower rates increase borrowing which can spur economic growth and inflation, so central banks may raise rates to slow growth when needed. Longer term loans have higher rates than short term due to inflation eroding loan values over time.

1. INTEREST RATES

2. INTEREST RATES
You're watching the news and they're talking about a
recent announcement from RBI, in which it is hinted
that the interest rates may be raised in the next
week.
The stock market drops the next day.
Why?

3. INTEREST RATES
How Do Interest Rates Work
Before you get all worked up, you should know that
interest rates aren't evil.
They're the price of living in a world that relies
heavily on credit and debt.
If interest rates didn't exist, lenders would have no
reason to let you borrow money.

4. INTEREST RATES
And if you couldn't borrow money, you could never
buy a house or a car, or enjoy many of the other
advantages of life with credit, like buying air tickets
and paying bills online with a credit card.

5. INTEREST RATES
So if interest rates are so
important, how do they work?
In this lesson, I'll help you
understand why interest rates
exist, how they're calculated and
why they change over time

6. INTEREST RATES
An interest rate is the cost of
borrowing money.
A borrower pays interest for
the ability to spend money
now, rather than wait until he's
saved the same amount.

7. INTEREST RATES
For example, if you borrow R100 at an annual
interest rate of five percent, at the end of the
year you'll owe 105.
But interest rates aren't just random
punishments for borrowing money. The interest
a lender receives is his compensation for taking
a risk.
How?

8. INTEREST RATES
With every loan, there's a risk that the borrower
won't be able to pay it back.
The higher the risk that the borrower will default
(or fail to repay the loan), the higher the interest
rate.
That's why maintaining a good credit score will
help lower the interest rates offered to you by
lenders

9. INTEREST RATES
The nice thing is that interest rates work both ways.
Banks, governments and other large financial
institutions need cash too, and they're willing to pay
for it.
If you put money into a savings account at a bank, the
bank will pay you interest for the temporary use of that
money

10. INTEREST RATES
Governments sell bonds and other securities for the
same reason.
In this case, you're the lender to the government and
the interest rate is your compensation for temporarily
giving up the ability to spend your cash.
But remember, savings accounts and governmentissued bonds pay relatively low interest rates because
the risk of their defaulting is close to zero.

11. INTEREST RATES
You should also know that interest rates for unsecured
credit will always be higher than secured credit.
Secured credit is backed by collateral. A home
loan is a classic example of secured credit, because if
the borrower defaults on the loan, the bank can
always take the house.
Credit cards are unsecured credit, because there's no
collateral backing the loan, only the cardholder's
credit score.

12. INTEREST RATES
Long-term loans also carry higher interest rates
than short-term loans, because the more time a
borrower has to pay back a loan, the more time
there is for things to possibly go bad financially,
causing the borrower to default

13. INTEREST RATES
Another factor that makes long-term loans less
attractive to lenders -- and therefore raises long-term
interest rates -- is inflation.
In a healthy economy, inflation almost always rises,
meaning the same rupee amount today is worth less five
years from now.
Lenders know that the longer it takes the borrower to
pay back a loan, the less that money is going to be
worth.

14. INTEREST RATES
That's why interest rates are actually calculated as
two different values: the nominal rate and the real
rate.
The nominal rate is the interest rate set by the
lending institution.
The real rate is the nominal rate minus the rate of
inflation.

15. INTEREST RATES
For example, if you take out a home
loan with a nominal interest rate of
10 percent, but the annual rate of
inflation is four percent, then the
bank is only really collecting six
percent on the loan

16. INTEREST RATES
So how do interest rates affect the rise and fall of
inflation?
Well, lower interest rates put more borrowing
power in the hands of consumers. And when
consumers spend more, the economy grows,
naturally creating inflation.

17. INTEREST RATES
If the RBI decides that the economy is growing too
fast-that demand will greatly outpace supply-then it
can raise interest rates, slowing the amount of
cash entering the economy.
So there must be enough economic growth to keep
wages up and unemployment low, but not too
much growth that it leads to dangerously high
inflation.

18. CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
INTEREST RATES
Let us see the formula of the Current Account Balance (CAB)
CAB = X - M + NI + NCT
X = Exports of goods and services
M = Imports of goods and services
NI = Net income abroad [Salaries paid or received,
credit / debit of income from
FII & FDI etc. ]
NCT = Net current transfers
[Workers' Remittances
(unilateral),
Donations, Aids &
Grants,
Hope you have understood the
Official, Assistance and
concept of Interest Rates.
Pensions etc]

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20. DISCLAIMER
The lesson is a conceptual representation and may not include
several nuances that are associated and vital. The purpose of
this lesson is to clarify the basics of the concept so that readers
at large can relate and thereby take more interest in the product /
concept. In a nutshell, Professor Simply Simple lessons should
be seen from the perspective of it being a primer on financial
concepts.
Mutual Fund investments are subject to market risks, read all
scheme related documents carefully.