The Reserve Bank of India announces the Monetary Policy annually in April to ensure price stability through controlling money supply, interest rates, and inflation. The policy is reviewed quarterly. It impacts the banking sector and financial institutions like banks, NBFCs, and foreign exchange markets. Monetary Policy differs from Fiscal Policy in that it controls the economy through money supply and interest rates rather than government spending and taxes. The objectives of Monetary Policy are maintaining price stability and adequate credit flow to support growth, employment, and currency stability based on economic conditions. Changes to interest rates impact individuals through effects on loans, savings, and investments.

1. MONETARY POLICY

2. MONETARY POLICY
The Monetary Policy is the policy
statement, announced annually in
April, but reviewed four times a year at
the end of each quarter, through
which the Reserve Bank of India seeks
to ensure price stability for the
economy.

3. MONETARY POLICY
Its constituents include - money supply,
interest rates and the inflation. In banking and
economic terms, money supply is referred to
as M3 - which indicates the level (stock) of
legal currency in the economy

4. MONETARY POLICY
The RBI also announces norms for the banking and
financial sector and the institutions which are
governed by it.
These financial institutions include:
• Banks
• Financial institutions
• Non-banking financial institutions
• Nidhis and primary dealers (money markets)
• Dealers in the foreign exchange (forex) market

5. MONETARY POLICY
The Monetary Policy is different from Fiscal Policy as
the former brings about a change in the economy by
changing money supply and interest rates, whereas the
latter is a broader tool with the Government.
The Fiscal Policy can be used to overcome recession
and control inflation. It may be defined as a deliberate
change in Government revenue and expenditure to
influence the level of national output and prices.

6. MONETARY POLICY
For instance, the Government can reduce its
expenditures or raise taxes during inflationary
times.
Fiscal policy aims at changing aggregate demand
by suitable changes in government spending and
taxes.
The annual Union Budget showcases the
Government's Fiscal Policy.

7. MONETARY POLICY
What are the objectives of the Monetary Policy?
• The objectives are to maintain price stability and
ensure adequate flow of credit to the productive
sectors of the economy.
• Stability for the national currency (after looking at
prevailing economic conditions), growth in
employment and income are also looked into.
• The monetary policy affects the financial markets
through short-term quarterly implications as it is
reviewed four times a year.

8. MONETARY POLICY
How does the Monetary Policy impact me?
In recent years, the policy has gained in importance
due to announcements of the interest rates, which
impact our lives.
Over the past few years, the RBI Governor has
preferred not to wait for the Monetary Policy (which is
annual) to announce a revision in interest rates and
these revisions have been made (in the quarterly
reviews) as & when the situation arises.

9. MONETARY POLICY
The RBI Governor has taken a firm stand on fighting
inflation in his latest monetary policy statement.
It announces that the repo rate be increased by 50 basis
points from 8.5 per cent to 9 per cent and the cash reserve
ratio by 25 basis points to 9 per cent with effect from the
fortnight beginning August 30, 2008.
At this juncture, the Governor admits the realistic policy
endeavor would be to bring down inflation from the current
level of 12 per cent to a range of 7 per cent by March 2009.

10. MONETARY POLICY
CURRENT ACCOUNT DEFICIT
Let us see the formula of the Current Account Balance (CAB)
CAB = X - M + NI + NCT
X = Exports of goods and services
M = Imports of goods and services
NI = Net income abroad
[Salaries paid or received,
credit / debit of income from
FII & FDI etc. ]
NCT = Net current transfers
[Workers' Remittances
(unilateral),
Hope you have understood the
Grants,
Official, Assistance and concept of Monetary Policy.
Pensions
Donations, Aids &
etc]

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