How has nursing evolved since you graduated from your original nursing program? -I graduated nursing school 2017, currently working as a registered nurse little over a year, so i cannot stay nursing has evolved much since 2017 because at least I'm fortunate enough to be apart of the era where you no longer have to provide care and then still make time to sit chart on paper, everything is done on a computer which makes things faster. Is nursing today what you expected when you enter nursing education? - no because when in nursing school based on everything you learn, you believe things will be more smooth in the hospital.everything is by the book until i start working at the hospital, i realize you have to some what put the book knowledge down, yes you use what you learn in nursing school to know what to assess for in a patient but you also have to go by the hospital you work at policies. Examples of nursing school vs real world nursing for me::: 1. in nursing school, we learn about delegating to your cna or lpn, and my job, sometimes we don't have cna’ s available so everything is on us to do. and my work place do not hire lpn’s . sometimes even if you have a cna they are as much busy as you, or you find some that pretend to be busy because they feel like you the nurse gets more pay so you should do the job. 2. Physicians. In nursing school you learn every time a patient refuse a medication, you have to call the doctor, as a night shift nurse, in the real nursing world, you dear not wake a doctor up to tell them the patient refuse a medication unless its a critical life or death situation. Another is in nursing nursing you learn doctors are the ones to obtain a consent, in my facility the nurses are the ones to do so. 3. The level of stress. In nursing school we stress about passing a test and keeping up with due dates. In real nurse world we stress harder because now we have real lives in our hands depending on us to save them. You stress to make sure you answer all call lights promptly to avoid a fall, calling doctors for the right orders, assessing all your patients to provide the right care. Making sure everyone is alive and well during your shift, making sure you don't make a mistake that can land you before the board of nursing or land you in jail. At least in nursing school during clinicals, the responsibility is on your clinical instructor or preceptor, in real world it is all on you the nurse. SOCI201-012Tuesday, September 17, 2019Socialization and Interaction Culture · Important questions about culture · Who decides what is and is not included in our material culture? · Who decides the values, norms, and sanctions included in a society’s culture? · Who decides when culture changes? Key and Peele- “Substitute Teacher” Nature vs. Nurture Socialization · The process of learning a society or social group’s culture, including how to “properly” interact · Begins in childhood but persists throughout the life course ...

1. How has nursing evolved since you graduated from your
original nursing program?
-I graduated nursing school 2017, currently working as a
registered nurse little over a year, so i cannot stay nursing has
evolved much since 2017 because at least I'm fortunate enough
to be apart of the era where you no longer have to provide care
and then still make time to sit chart on paper, everything is
done on a computer which makes things faster.
Is nursing today what you expected when you enter nursing
education?
- no because when in nursing school based on everything you
learn, you believe things will be more smooth in the
hospital.everything is by the book until i start working at the
hospital, i realize you have to some what put the book
knowledge down, yes you use what you learn in nursing school
to know what to assess for in a patient but you also have to go
by the hospital you work at policies.
Examples of nursing school vs real world nursing for me:::
1. in nursing school, we learn about delegating to your cna or
lpn, and my job, sometimes we don't have cna’ s available so
everything is on us to do. and my work place do not hire lpn’s .
sometimes even if you have a cna they are as much busy as you,
or you find some that pretend to be busy because they feel like
you the nurse gets more pay so you should do the job.
2. Physicians. In nursing school you learn every time a patient
refuse a medication, you have to call the doctor, as a night shift

2. nurse, in the real nursing world, you dear not wake a doctor up
to tell them the patient refuse a medication unless its a critical
life or death situation. Another is in nursing nursing you learn
doctors are the ones to obtain a consent, in my facility the
nurses are the ones to do so.
3. The level of stress. In nursing school we stress about passing
a test and keeping up with due dates. In real nurse world we
stress harder because now we have real lives in our hands
depending on us to save them. You stress to make sure you
answer all call lights promptly to avoid a fall, calling doctors
for the right orders, assessing all your patients to provide the
right care. Making sure everyone is alive and well during your
shift, making sure you don't make a mistake that can land you
before the board of nursing or land you in jail. At least in
nursing school during clinicals, the responsibility is on your
clinical instructor or preceptor, in real world it is all on you the
nurse.
SOCI201-012Tuesday, September 17, 2019Socialization and
Interaction
Culture
· Important questions about culture
· Who decides what is and is not included in our material
culture?
· Who decides the values, norms, and sanctions included in a
society’s culture?
· Who decides when culture changes?
Key and Peele- “Substitute Teacher”
Nature vs. Nurture

3. Socialization
· The process of learning a society or social group’s culture,
including how to “properly” interact
· Begins in childhood but persists throughout the life course
· Occurs between generations
· E.g., gender socialization
Agents of Socialization
· Individuals or groups that provide socialization into culture
· People: Family, Peers
· Institutions: school, government, religion, workplaces, mass
media
· Total institutions
· Resocialization
George Herbert Mead (1863-1931)
· American sociologist/psychologist
· Children learn how to “take the role of the other” through:
· Imitation
· Play
· Team games
· The “generalized other”
Charles Horton Cooley (1864-1929)
· American sociologist
· The “Looking-Glass Self”
· We imagine how we appear to other people
· We interpret others’ reactions to us
· We develop a self-concept based on that interpretation
· Zhao (2005) “The Digital Self: Through the Looking Glass of

4. Telecopresent Others”
· How do we develop our self-concept online if others are
disembodied?
· “Analyses of the online experience of teenagers have shown
that telecopresent others in the online world do constitute a
unique looking glass which generates a digital self that is
different from the self constructed offline. The digital self has
been found to be oriented inward, narrative in nature,
retractable, and multiplied” (p. 400)
Symbolic Interactionism
· Society is composed of symbols that people use to establish
meaning, develop their views of the world, and communicate
with others
· Herbert Blumer (1900-1987)
· American sociologist
· coined the term “symbolic interactionism” but was heavily
influenced by Mead and Cooley
Harold Garfinkel (1917-2011)
· American sociologist
· Ethnomethodology: an analytical method in the social sciences
that examines how meaning is created in everyday
interaction/communication
· Social breaching experiment: disrupting taken-for-granted
knowledge in order to understand the nuances of social life
Berger and Luckmann
· “The Social Construction of Reality” (1966)
· Social constructionism: meaning-making is a social event-
things only have meaning because we assign them meaning

5. Erving Goffman (1922-1982)
· American sociologist
· The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life
· Dramaturgical perspective of social interaction
· The (idealized) performance
· Regions- front and back
· The team
· Setting
· Impression management
· Things we “give” vs “give off”
· Role Performance: we all inhabit different statuses, and each
of these statuses comes with different roles; these roles become
part of what is expected of us during interaction
· Role conflict: when two of your roles directly conflict with
one another
· Role strain: when you feel strain within one role
· “On Face-Work: An Analysis of Ritual Elements in Social
Interaction”
· Line
· Face and the role of the face in interaction
· Face-work
· Ritual
SOCI201-012Tuesday, September 10, 2019Culture and
Consumption
Culture
Culture
· The defining features of a particular social group
· Passed down from generation to generation
· Both material and symbolic
· Material: Physical things that make up a culture:
· Non-material (symbolic): A group’s way of thinking about or
doing things

6. Material Culture
Physical things that make up a culture:
· jewelry/clothing/hairstyles
· art
· architecture
· technological devices
· leisure activities (sports)
· food
· media
Consumption
· How we utilize material culture
· material culture is directly related to our consumption as a
society
· Thorstein Veblen (1857-1929)
· Sociologist and economist
· Wealth is seen as a status symbol
· Conspicuous leisure
· Conspicuous consumption
· Pecuniary emulation
Consumption
Dr. Juliet Schor (1955-)
· Professor in Sociology at Boston College
· There has been a shift in culture between:
· Horizontal emulation: “people are aspiring to lifestyles like
other people in their economic bracket” (p. 589)
· Vertical emulation: aspiring to be like those above your
economic bracket; “in which a high-end, affluent, media driven
norm of consumption prevails” (p. 589)
“People have to consume. Consuming is a very legitimate, and
very important, life activity. The literature has been very
polarized into very pro- and anti-consumer society and culture
positions: the formulation in the literature is that you’ve got the
critics and you’ve got the defenders. But really the question is:

7. what kind of consumers do we want to be? And that’s a better
articulation, I think, because people are identified so much with
being consumers. The possibility of not being a consumer no
longer really exists. So I think the questions that we want to be
asking are: where is my clothing coming from? What is its
symbolic meaning?” (Schor, 2008:594)
Technology and Material Culture
Technology has impacted culture in 2 specific ways:
· Cultural Diffusion
· Sites for new aspects of culture to emerge
Non-Material (Symbolic) Culture
A group’s way of thinking about or doing things:
· Language
· Gestures
· Values
· Norms
· Sanctions
· Folkways
· Mores
· Taboos
Are there any universal norms?
· Murder?
· Pedophilia
· Cannibalism?
· Treason?
Key Aspects of Culture
· There is nothing “natural” about either material or non-
material culture
· Culture is deeply ingrained
· Culture becomes a base for our decision-making process
· Material and non-material culture often interact with one
another

8. Culture in the U.S.
· Achievement and success, especially through hard work
· Freedom, democracy, and equality
· Efficiency and rational thought
· Devotion to country and Patriotism
· Value clusters
· Value contradiction
Regional Differences in Culture
Select one of the regions listed on the map. Then, in groups of
1-3 people, answer the following questions:
1. What are your perceptions of the culture (material and non-
material) of the region? What are some of the stereotypes of
that culture and how have they been presented to you? (5
things)
2. Conduct an internet search and make a list of the most
common cultural traits (material and non-material) discussed
online (5 things)
Key Aspects of Culture
· Ethnocentrism: using one’s own culture as the comparison for
the cultures of other individuals or societies; it often leads to a
negative evaluation of their values, norms, and behaviors
· Culture shock: the jarring feeling when experiencing a culture
different than your own
· Cultural relativism: examining a culture on its own without
evaluating it against other cultures
SOCI201-012Thursday, September 19, 2019Deviance and
Subcultures
Subcultures vs. Countercultures

9. · Subcultures: the values and related behaviors of a group that
distinguish its members from the larger culture; a world within
a world (could be based on geography, interests, class,
occupation)
· Countercultures: a group whose values, beliefs, norms, and
related behaviors place its members in opposition to the broader
culture
Defining Deviance
· Common definition: the violation of society’s norms
· Ways of defining deviance
· Statistical
· Moral
· Societal reaction
· Normative
· Legal
· Medical
Statistical Definition of Deviance
· Durkheim: deviance is something that is statistically different
than the average
Moral Definition of Deviance
· Deviance is a violation of moral absolutes- there are sets of
universal morals (often set by religious institutions), and
deviance is a violation of them
· Kai Erikson’s Wayward Puritans (1966)
· Daniel Patrick Moynihan (1933) “Defining deviance down”
Societal Reaction Definition of Deviance

10. · No behavior is inherently deviant- something becomes deviant
when society reacts to it and labels it as such
· Howard Becker’s (1960s) labeling theory
Normative and Legal Definitions of Deviance
· Normative definition: the members of different groups come to
some sort of agreement of what behaviors are acceptable, and
any violation of these norms should be considered deviance.
· Legal definition: an approach most often used in criminology
that argues that a behavior should be defined as deviant if it
violates an established law
Medical Definition of Deviance
· Medicalization of deviance: re-defining deviance as medical
conditions that should be treated as such (deviance as
pathology)
· Alcoholism, gambling addiction, anxiety disorders
· Functions to diminish the culpability of the deviant individual
· Transition from sanctions to treatment
Martin, Pescosolido, and Tuch (2000)
· Examined five factors that influence the public’s willingness
to interact with people with mental health problems
· The nature of the behavior described
· Causal attributions of the behavior’s source
· Perceived dangerousness of the person
· The label of “mental illness”
· The sociodemographic characteristics of respondents
Symbolic Interactionism
· Differential Association (Edwin Sutherland): we associate
with different groups that all give us different definitions of

11. deviance and conformity
· Control Theory (Walter Reckless)
· We are controlled by two systems: Inner controls (internalized
morality, sense of right and wrong) and outer controls (people
that influence us to not deviate)
· Travis Hirschi: The stronger our bonds are with society, the
more effective our inner controls are
· Labeling Theory (Howard Becker)
· Society labels an individual or behavior as “deviant”
· That label affects how a person is viewed (by both themselves
and by others), and that perception leads them to be deviant
(Self-fulfilling prophecy)
· Sykes and Matza’s “Techniques of Neutralization”
· Denial of Responsibility
· Denial of injury
· Denial of a victim
· Condemnation for the condemners
· Appeal to higher loyalties
Structural Functionalism
· Durkheim- deviance serves 3 important functions in society:
· Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms
· Deviance encourages social unity
· Deviance promotes social changes
· Illegitimate Opportunity Structures- opportunities for crime
and deviance are woven into the fabric of everyday life
· Strain Theory (Robert K. Merton)
· Non-deviant: conformity
· Deviant: innovation, ritualism, retreatism, and rebellion
Conflict Theory
· Focuses less on what causes deviance and more on how
deviance is handled in society
· Conflict theory is often applied in criminology to critique the

12. criminal justice system as a system of oppression
· Michelle Alexander- The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration
in the Age of Colorblindness