How can you find DNA and RNA on a scene using spectroscopyHow c.pdf
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How can you find DNA and RNA on a scene using spectroscopy? How can you find DNA and RNA on a scene using spectroscopy? Solution It is a big challenge for Forensic scientists to evaluate the effectiveness of sample collection methods, the DNA and RNA samples should be intact and the storage should be proper accurate and reliable collecting of DNA for further analysis. Before the sample collection process is started, it is valuable to know if even the DNA or RNA is intact. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) technique basically is a spectrometric teqnique to check the integrity of the DNA and RNA. This technique is usefull when we are dealing with the bone sample because excessive heat can damage the DNA. FTIR spectroscopy basically estimate the bond of collagen, which correlate with similar hydrogen and covalent bonds in DNA..
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4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to .pdf
4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to make a DNA fingerprint.
What are some of the uses and applications of DNA fingerprinting?
Solution
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to determine the nucleotides sequences of DNA which
are unique to each individual.
Technique
1. Extraction of the DNA from the source the DNA is extracted from blood sample, hair follicles
etc.available sample.
2.DNA is cut into fragments the DNA molecules broken with the help of restriction
endonuclease. Here the cleaning is double strand cut producing DNA fragments of different
lengths this fragment are also called restricted fragment length polymorphism Manyi of this
fragment contain vntr
3. Separation of the fragments using gel electrophoresis. As the DNA molecule is negatively
charged hence it will move towards positive or not in the setup the gel based matrix provides tiny
pores through which DNA molecules travel the larger molecules travel slowly where is the
smallest mens travel quickly from the loading point at the end of the experiment DNA pieces of
equal length obtained.
4. The DNA fragments or now treated with alkaline chemicals to facilitate denaturation into
single stranded DNA this is very important step.
5. Southern blotting technique in this technique nitrocellulose membrane is used the DNA is
bloated on suitable membrane like nitrocellulose or nylon membranes as they have good binding
capacity the membrane is subjected to gentle pressure due to this single stranded DNA fragments
are pulled and transfer onto the membrane . the membrane contains replica of the DNA.
Hybridisation with suitable DNA probe which is single stranded DNA having complementary
sequence to the desired DNA. Before using the probe the DNA of tagged with fluorescent dyes
to help in detection of the desired DNA excess probea are washed away.
5. the DNA sample is visualised using autoradiography the hybridisation pattern is called DNA
fingerprint having a sequence complementary to the probe.
6. PCR technique is a technique is useful to synthesise millions of copies of the DNA sequence
when low amount of DNA is available for the study this technique is used modifications of PCR
technique like r a p d PCR rflp PCR helps in giving accurate results.
Applications of DNA fingerprinting :
1.This test is used in the case of disputes regarding paternity testing .
2 it is useful tool in forensic applications
3.It is used to assess migration pattern of ancient population
4.it is used to determine Genetic diversity is in the evolutionary biology.
4. It is used to diagnose inherited disorders in both prenatal and newborn babies examples
huntington\'s disease Alzheimer\'s Sickle Cell anaemia Thalassemia haemophilia.
5. DNA fingerprinting is used to come from confirm cell line identity in a cell line collection.
6. It also helps in developing cures for inherited disorders..
Recommended
4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to .pdf
4. (TCO 9) Provide a detailed description of the techniques used to make a DNA fingerprint.
What are some of the uses and applications of DNA fingerprinting?
Solution
DNA fingerprinting is a technique used to determine the nucleotides sequences of DNA which
are unique to each individual.
Technique
1. Extraction of the DNA from the source the DNA is extracted from blood sample, hair follicles
etc.available sample.
2.DNA is cut into fragments the DNA molecules broken with the help of restriction
endonuclease. Here the cleaning is double strand cut producing DNA fragments of different
lengths this fragment are also called restricted fragment length polymorphism Manyi of this
fragment contain vntr
3. Separation of the fragments using gel electrophoresis. As the DNA molecule is negatively
charged hence it will move towards positive or not in the setup the gel based matrix provides tiny
pores through which DNA molecules travel the larger molecules travel slowly where is the
smallest mens travel quickly from the loading point at the end of the experiment DNA pieces of
equal length obtained.
4. The DNA fragments or now treated with alkaline chemicals to facilitate denaturation into
single stranded DNA this is very important step.
5. Southern blotting technique in this technique nitrocellulose membrane is used the DNA is
bloated on suitable membrane like nitrocellulose or nylon membranes as they have good binding
capacity the membrane is subjected to gentle pressure due to this single stranded DNA fragments
are pulled and transfer onto the membrane . the membrane contains replica of the DNA.
Hybridisation with suitable DNA probe which is single stranded DNA having complementary
sequence to the desired DNA. Before using the probe the DNA of tagged with fluorescent dyes
to help in detection of the desired DNA excess probea are washed away.
5. the DNA sample is visualised using autoradiography the hybridisation pattern is called DNA
fingerprint having a sequence complementary to the probe.
6. PCR technique is a technique is useful to synthesise millions of copies of the DNA sequence
when low amount of DNA is available for the study this technique is used modifications of PCR
technique like r a p d PCR rflp PCR helps in giving accurate results.
Applications of DNA fingerprinting :
1.This test is used in the case of disputes regarding paternity testing .
2 it is useful tool in forensic applications
3.It is used to assess migration pattern of ancient population
4.it is used to determine Genetic diversity is in the evolutionary biology.
4. It is used to diagnose inherited disorders in both prenatal and newborn babies examples
huntington\'s disease Alzheimer\'s Sickle Cell anaemia Thalassemia haemophilia.
5. DNA fingerprinting is used to come from confirm cell line identity in a cell line collection.
6. It also helps in developing cures for inherited disorders..
Prabhakar singh ii sem-paper v-automated dna sequencing and dna fingerprinting
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The human genome is pervasively transcribed, giving rise to an increasing number of long non-coding RNA genes. Most of these genes are novel or poorly characterized, and their relevance in human health and disease remains elusive. In our lab, we have developed various tools to study lncRNAs, amongst others to assess their role in cancer. As such, we are looking for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. I will describe various tools and ongoing research programs, including a comprehensive annotated catalog of human lncRNAs (LNCipedia), a targeted screen for focal lncRNA copy number alterations, a web tool for antisense oligonucleotide design, Zipper plot to visualize the transcriptional activity of lncRNAs in their genomic context, decodeRNA functional context mapping, and probe based lncRNA capture sequencing in body fluids.
Imagine a factorial design in which there are two factors. Each fact.pdf
Imagine a factorial design in which there are two factors. Each factor has two levels. One factor
is a between-groups factor (also known as an independent-groups factor or between-subjects
factor) and the other is a within-groups factor (also known as a repeated-measures factor or
within-subjects factor). If you wanted to have 40 participants in each cell of this design, how
many unique participants would be needed for the study?
Solution
So When we are using between subejcts factor, different group of participants are used for each
level of the factor and for within-subjects variable, testing is done on each participant at each
level of the factor.
Now we want 40 participants in each cells, this implies for between groups there would be a
need of 40+40 different subjects and for within groups same set of 40 participants would be
tested, hence we would need (40+40+40 = 120) unque participants..
How has technology impacted our societySolutionBy the followi.pdf
How has technology impacted our society?
Solution
By the following ways the technology has impacted our society
Absolute paths at all times begin by means of a slash. Relative paths do not contain a slash at the
beginning, but can have one or two dots.
So, First and thrid are absolute paths.
second and fourth are relative paths
Auditors realize that computer had impacted their capability to carry out the verification job.
business and information giving out management documented that computers were key capital
for competing in the commerce environment and alike to other valuable commerce resource
within the association, and consequently, the need for manage and audit skill is critical.
Professional relations and group, and administration entities documented the require for IT
control and audit ability.
Use of computer-assisted audit tools and technique
request of standards (nationwide or worldwide) such as ISO 9000/3 and ISO 17799 to improve
and put into practice quality system in software growth and meet safety standards
sympathetic of business roles and prospect in the audit of systems under growth as well as the
purchase of software covering and project organization
appraisal of information safety and privacy issues which can put the association at danger
test and confirmation of the organization compliance by means of any IT-related legal issues that
may put at risk or place the association at risk
Evaluation of complex systems growth life cycle (SDLC) or new development technique
e.g., prototyping, end user compute, rapid systems, or request development
coverage to organization and the theater a follow-up review to ensure actions taken at work.
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"Forensics: Human Identity Testing in the Applied Genetics Group" presentation at the Standards for Pathogen Identification via NGS (SPIN) workshop hosted by the National Institute for Standards and Technology October 2014 by Peter Vallone, PhD from NIST.
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Imagine a factorial design in which there are two factors. Each fact.pdf
Imagine a factorial design in which there are two factors. Each factor has two levels. One factor
is a between-groups factor (also known as an independent-groups factor or between-subjects
factor) and the other is a within-groups factor (also known as a repeated-measures factor or
within-subjects factor). If you wanted to have 40 participants in each cell of this design, how
many unique participants would be needed for the study?
Solution
So When we are using between subejcts factor, different group of participants are used for each
level of the factor and for within-subjects variable, testing is done on each participant at each
level of the factor.
Now we want 40 participants in each cells, this implies for between groups there would be a
need of 40+40 different subjects and for within groups same set of 40 participants would be
tested, hence we would need (40+40+40 = 120) unque participants..
How has technology impacted our societySolutionBy the followi.pdf
How has technology impacted our society?
Solution
By the following ways the technology has impacted our society
Absolute paths at all times begin by means of a slash. Relative paths do not contain a slash at the
beginning, but can have one or two dots.
So, First and thrid are absolute paths.
second and fourth are relative paths
Auditors realize that computer had impacted their capability to carry out the verification job.
business and information giving out management documented that computers were key capital
for competing in the commerce environment and alike to other valuable commerce resource
within the association, and consequently, the need for manage and audit skill is critical.
Professional relations and group, and administration entities documented the require for IT
control and audit ability.
Use of computer-assisted audit tools and technique
request of standards (nationwide or worldwide) such as ISO 9000/3 and ISO 17799 to improve
and put into practice quality system in software growth and meet safety standards
sympathetic of business roles and prospect in the audit of systems under growth as well as the
purchase of software covering and project organization
appraisal of information safety and privacy issues which can put the association at danger
test and confirmation of the organization compliance by means of any IT-related legal issues that
may put at risk or place the association at risk
Evaluation of complex systems growth life cycle (SDLC) or new development technique
e.g., prototyping, end user compute, rapid systems, or request development
coverage to organization and the theater a follow-up review to ensure actions taken at work.
Give definitions for comparative anatomy and embryology.Why do evo.pdf
Give definitions for comparative anatomy and embryology.
Why do evolutionary biologists seek data from multiple lines of evidence to support evolution as
a theory?
Solution
Ans.) Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of diverse
species. It has quite a long served as confirmation for development; it demonstrates that different
organisms share a typical progenitor. Likewise, it helps researchers to group the living organisms
with their comparative qualities on the basis of anatomical structures. A typical case of
comparative anatomy is the comparable bone structures in forelimbs of felines, whales, bats, and
human. These members comprise of similar essential parts; yet, they serve totally unique
capacities. The skeletal parts which shape a structure utilized for swimming, for example, a
balance, would not be perfect to frame a wing, which is more qualified for flight. One
clarification for the forelimbs\' comparative structure is plummet with alteration. Through
arbitrary transformations and characteristic choice, every life form\'s anatomical structures bit by
bit adjusted to suit their particular natural surroundings.
Embryology is the study that reviews the pre-birth advancement of embryo, gametes and
improvement of developing lives and babies. Also, embryology includes the analysis of genetic
characters also which took place before birth of the progeny; this phenomenon is known as
teratology.
Evolutionary biologists seek data from multiple lines of evidence because they need all the
support to prove their evolution theory. The research on comparative anatomy and embryology
of particular organism gives insight about their evolution; that how they evolved and forms a
different organism, Hence, multiple lines of evidence are required to support the new findings.
The new research is completely based on such kind of studies..
Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts the standard no.pdf
Find the area of the shaded region. The graph depicts the standard normal distribution with
mean 0 and standard deviation Click to view page 1 of the table. Click to view page 2 of the
table. The area of the shaded region is [ ]. (Round to four decimal places as needed.)
Solution
P(Z<0.31) = 0.6217 (from standard normal table).
Exercise 1. Comparative Anatomy Type of Circulatory outstanding Featu.pdf
Exercise 1. Comparative Anatomy Type of Circulatory outstanding Features Hydra Grasshopper
Fish mad dues they es hd. Crocodile ot 4 chamber order Testud Bird cestors uidh vocodile sin
sabdas each Contract of heart muscle Human eard asse (s 49 Advantages/ Disadvantages an is
Solution
-Advantage: Can live up to 100 years and can wait for a year between their meals.
Disadvantage: Harmful to humans and another animal as it is a successful predator.
advantage: competes with fish for food in a pond
Disadvantage: Can\'t be kept as a pet as the tortoises.
Advantage: provides eggs and meat once the fertility decreases.
Disadvantage: they can\'t control their bowel movements and thus leave lots of
droppings.crocodilethe crocodiles are the most advanced reptile and have the lifespan of about
71 years on an average
-Advantage: Can live up to 100 years and can wait for a year between their meals.
Disadvantage: Harmful to humans and another animal as it is a successful predator.Turtlehave
an outstanding feature of night vision which is due to the presence of a large number of rod
cells.
advantage: competes with fish for food in a pond
Disadvantage: Can\'t be kept as a pet as the tortoises.birdA unique feature of birds are their beaks
and the wings that are different in different species.
Advantage: provides eggs and meat once the fertility decreases.
Disadvantage: they can\'t control their bowel movements and thus leave lots of droppings.DogA
unique characteristic of dogs is the learning ability which makes them attain outstanding
leadership skills.They are best friendly pets and can be a good friend. the most disadvantage of
having the dog as a pet is that you will need to maintain extra hygiene into your
home.humanThe most social animal and have bones that is as much strong as granite.The
biggest advantage humans have over other animals is the ability to think, speak and the intellect
to act accordingly.
Disadvantage: The developed brain which can do wonders as well as harm..
Explain how the high heat capacity water that makes it a vital substa.pdf
Explain how the high heat capacity water that makes it a vital substance in the body. Compare
and contrast the chemical structures of DNA and RNA. Distinguish between polar covalent
bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds. How are these bonds similar to each other? Explain the
steps of enzyme action.
Solution
2. Heat capacity of water..............vital substance in the body..
Discuss the characteristics that make something a protist as well as.pdf
Discuss the characteristics that make something a protist as well as protists acting as misfit
ie.disease causing.
Solution
Protits are eukaryotes, the first form of eukaryotic living
Talking about characteristics of protists:
1. Protists are mostly unicellular (single-celled), few of them atre multicellular.
2. Protists can be classified on the basis of how they move i,e. whether they move or not and how
they obtain their nutrition.
Animal like protists and fungus like protists they are dependent on other organisms for nutrition,
hence they cannot prepare their own food and these are known as hetreotrophs. Aslo animal like
protists are parasites which live on other large organisms.
Plant like protists like algae they can make their own food and are known as autotrophs.
Fungus like protists for an example slime mold, they live on dead and decaying matter and
obtain their food externally.
On the basis whether they can move or not they can be classified as flagella, pseudopodia or
cilia. The animal like protists includes protozoans.
3. As protists are eukaryotes, they have nucleus and have bound organelles
.Protists can be harmful and therefore it can be diseases causing as well. Animal protists they kill
the bacteris in order to get food.
Plasmodium like protists which causes malaria ,which is transferred from one person to another
through mosquito female Anopheles. The sickness is caused as the parasites while living its life
cycle inside the host organisms deforms the red blood cells. Therefore these protists causes
diseases..
Describe the purpose for carrying out a DNAase Hypersensitivity assa.pdf
Describe the purpose for carrying out a DNAase Hypersensitivity assay. How do you analyze
and interperet the DNAse Hypersensitivity assay?
Solution
DNase I hypersensitivity analysis is a powerful method to analyze chromatin structure and
identify genomic regulatory elements. in this technique Euchromatin regions are associated with
active form (open form so more accesible to various DNAase) and can be identified by their
hypersensitivity to nuclease digestion. Hypersensitive sites can be identified by DNase
hypersensitivity assays, in which intact, isolated nuclei are subjected to limited digestion with the
enzyme DNase I. DNase I cleavage sites are identified by restriction digestion followed by
Southern blotting using radiolabeled genomic fragments to probe a specific genomic region of
interest.
so in undigested lane you would be able to see only one band where as in digested one more than
one band. now a days this technique combined with second genration sequencing for better
understanding..
compare and contrast the morphology of Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nem.pdf
compare and contrast the morphology of Cestodes, Trematodes, and Nematodes.
Solution
Feature
Nematodes (roundworms)
Cestodes (tapeworms)
trematodes (flukes)
Shape
thread-like, cylindrical bodies; elongate, tapered at both ends
Elongated, flat, ribbon like body
Dorsoventrally flattened, oval; analogous to tree leaf
Segmented
No
Yes with segments called proglottids
No
Symmetry
bilaterally symmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
length
from microscopic to nearly 1 m long
Few mm to serval meters
Few cm to 9 cm
Head end
Suckers & hooks absent. Well-developed buccal cavity
Suckers generally with hooks
Suckers with no hooks
Alimentary Canal
Present; Complete with both mouth and an_s
Absent
Incomplete; no an_s
Body Cavity
Present (pseudocoeloms)
Absent
Absent
Sexes
Mostly dioecious
hermaphroditic
Hermaphroditic except Schisto
Feature
Nematodes (roundworms)
Cestodes (tapeworms)
trematodes (flukes)
Shape
thread-like, cylindrical bodies; elongate, tapered at both ends
Elongated, flat, ribbon like body
Dorsoventrally flattened, oval; analogous to tree leaf
Segmented
No
Yes with segments called proglottids
No
Symmetry
bilaterally symmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
bilaterally symmetrical
length
from microscopic to nearly 1 m long
Few mm to serval meters
Few cm to 9 cm
Head end
Suckers & hooks absent. Well-developed buccal cavity
Suckers generally with hooks
Suckers with no hooks
Alimentary Canal
Present; Complete with both mouth and an_s
Absent
Incomplete; no an_s
Body Cavity
Present (pseudocoeloms)
Absent
Absent
Sexes
Mostly dioecious
hermaphroditic
Hermaphroditic except Schisto.
Carbon dioxide transport Drag each label to the appropriate location.pdf
Carbon dioxide transport Drag each label to the appropriate location on the flowchart.
Solution
ANSWER:1)carbondioxide released from the mitochondria.
2)carbondioxide diffuses in to capillary.
3)carbondioxide is carried to the lungs.
4)carbondioxide diffuses in to alveolus.
5)air exits through nose or mouth.....................
An important part of electrical engineering is PCB design. One impor.pdf
An important part of electrical engineering is PCB design. One important part of PCB design
when using microcontrollers is determining which pin package to use. Develop a MATLAB
function that requests input on whether to use an LQFP100, LQFP144, or LQFP176 pin package
and outputs the corresponding pin package. The MATLAB function should receive an input of 1,
2, or 3 to determine the respective pin package. Think of it as a label maker with a dial input. It
should be made sure that the full strings are returned and outputted to the console. Use a method
other than the switch/case or if/else structures in order to develop this solution (i.e. build a
matrix). Answer the following questions:
1) In this context, explain the terminology ‘map’.
2) What is a good way of storing such a map in MATLAB?
3) How would you change the function to use 0, 1, and 2 as inputs instead of 1, 2, and 3?
4) How does MATLAB differ from Python when using arrays / lists?
Solution
prompt = \'Enter values 1 for LQFP100 2 for LQFP144 and 3 for LQFP176 \';
c = {\'LQFP100\', \'LQFP144\', \'LQFP176\'};
x = input(prompt)
c(1,x)
A Map object is a data structure that allows you to retrieve values using a corresponding key.
Keys can be real numbers or character vectors and provide more flexibility for data access than
array indices, which must be positive integers. Values can be scalar or nonscalar arrays.
Construction
mapObj = containers.Map constructs an empty Map container mapObj.
mapObj = containers.Map(keySet,valueSet) constructs a Map that contains one or more values
and a unique key for each value.
mapObj = containers.Map(keySet,valueSet,\'UniformValues\',isUniform) specifies whether all
values must be uniform (either all scalars of the same data type, or all character vectors).
Possible values for isUniform are logical true (1) or false (0).
mapObj = containers.Map(\'KeyType\',kType,\'ValueType\',vType) constructs an empty Map
object and sets the KeyType and ValueType properties. The order of the key type and value type
argument pairs is not important, but both pairs are required.
Input Arguments
keySet
1-by-n array that specifies n unique keys for the map.
All keys in a Map object are real numeric values or all keys are character vectors. If n > 1 and the
keys are character vectors, keySet must be a cell array. The number of keys in keySet must equal
the number of values in valueSet.
valueSet
1-by-n array of any class that specifies n values for the map. The number of values in valueSet
must equal the number of keys in keySet.
\'UniformValues\'
Parameter character vector to use with the isUniform argument.
isUniform
Logical value that specifies whether all values are uniform. If isUniform is true (1), all values
must be scalars of the same data type, or all values must be character vectors. If isUniform is
false (0), then containers.Map sets the ValueType to \'any\'.
Default: true for empty Map objects, otherwise determined by the data types of values in
valueSet.
\'Key.
Assume ND=NA=1E+15cm-3, in two different slabs of semiconductor (1 e.pdf
Assume ND=NA=1E+15cm-3, in two different slabs of semiconductor (1 each doping type).
Plot n/ND, p/NA at 100K, 300K, 500K for each wafer. What electron density did you get for
T=100K? How much lower was it than Nd?
Solution
current density is total flow of charge per time over a crosssection area.
current density J=ne2T E/m.
Alternate Electron acceptors Know what these electron acceptors will.pdf
Alternate Electron acceptors: Know what these electron acceptors will become after picking up
electron. CO_2, SO_42-, Fe3+, NO_3-, NO_2-. Note these electron acceptors are not as efficient
as oxygen. The final ATP yield will be lower if alternate electron acceptors are used instead of
oxygen.
Solution
The alternate electron acceptor like CO2 ,SO42- ,FE3+,NO3-,NO2- are known to act as electron
acceptors mainly under anaerobic conditions. In these organisms during electron transport chain
instead of oxygen as the terminal electron acceptors the anaerobic bacteria use a wide variety of
electron and play an important role in the processes of nitrification. As these molecules have a
lesser redox potential than O2 they yield lesser ATP .
Certain methylotropic bacteria use C1 compounds like methanol, formaldehyde ,formate and
methylamines and completely oxidize them using the serine pathway.
Acetogenesis is the process here in co2 and hydrogen are used to result in acetete . Similar to
methanogenesis here also hydrogen is used as an electron donor while co2 is used a s an electron
acceptor.
De nitrification is the common process of fixing nitrogen by many nitrogenous bacteria . They
use NO3-,NO2-, NO, N2 O to finally produce di nitrogen but some of the intermediate products
that are formed like the N2 O contribute towards the increase n the green house gases and acid
rain and global warming.many of the denitrifying bacteria also use other sources like Fe3 as
electron acceptors.
The de nitrification process is extensively used in sewage and waste water treatment.
sulfate reduction SO42-Many gram negative bacteria uses sulphur as the terminal electron
acceptor and produce hydrogen sulfide as the metabolic end product.These organisms use lactate
or pyruvate as the electron donor.
Some of the autotrophic sulfate reducing bacteria like Desulfotignum phosphitoxidans use
phosphite HPO3- as electron donor while others like D.thiozymogenens are capable of sulphur
disproprtination i.e spilliting of sulphur molecule and produce hydrogen sulpfide and sulfate.
FE3+ or ferric ion acts as a terminal electron acceptor in many of the autotrophic and
heterotrophic organisms this is similar tp normal electron transport chain but for the presence of
ferric iron reductase as the final enzyme and the reaction results in nitrate .Some of the ferric
reducing bacteria like Shewanella putrefaciens and Geobacter metallireducens can act upon
toxic hydrocarbons like toluene they are used in decontaminating iron rich aquifers..
A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B have three chi.pdf
A man with blood type A and a woman with blood type B have three children: a daughter with
type B, and two sons, one with type AB and one with type O. What are the genotypes of the
parents?
Solution
Answer:
Human blood group is determined by multiple allele system, in which IA and IB are co-dominant
to each other and dominant over IO. In the given problem, the possible genotype of father is
IAIO and the possible genotype of the mother is, IBIO. This is because they had children of AB
blood group and O blood group.
IAIO* IBIO -à IAIO (1/4, blood group A), IAIB (1/4, blood group AB), IBIO (1/4, blood group
B), IOIO (1/4, blood group O)..
You have been exposed to each of the 8 microbes below.After a coup.pdf
You have been exposed to each of the 8 microbes below.
After a couple of days you develop the symptomes listed below. What microbe do you think has
infected your (select all that apply).
High fever up to 105 F
Coughing out greenish, yellow, or bloody mucus
Chills that make you shake
Feeling like you can’t catch your breath, especially when you move around a lot
Feeling very tired
Low appetite
Sharp or stabby chest pain (you might feel it more when you cough or take a deep breath)
sweating a lot
Fast breathing and heartbeat
Lips and fingernails turning blue
Question 3 options:
Burkholderia mallei
Yellow Fever virus
Rickettsia rickettsii
Epstein Barr Virus
Rhizobium spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Aliivibrio fischeri
Burkholderia mallei
Yellow Fever virus
Rickettsia rickettsii
Epstein Barr Virus
Rhizobium spp.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Helicobacter pylori
Aliivibrio fischeri
Solution
Yellow Fever virus:
Yellow fever gets its name from two of its most obvious symptoms: fever and yellowing of the
skin. The yellowing occurs because the disease causes liver damage, hepatitis. For some people,
yellow fever has no initial symptoms, while for others, the first symptoms appear from three to
six days after exposure to the virus from a mosquito bite.
An infection with yellow fever typically has three phases. The first phase of symptoms can last
for three to four days and then, for most people, disappears. The first phase is generally non-
specific and cannot be distinguished from other viral infections.
The initial symptoms of yellow fever are:
Burkholderia pseudomallei:
Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei cause the diseases melioidosis and glanders,
respectively. A well-studied aspect of pathogenesis by these closely-related bacteria is their
ability to invade and multiply within eukaryotic cells. In contrast, the means by which B.
pseudomallei and B. mallei adhere to cells are poorly defined..
Which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate for Wei.pdf
Which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate for \"Weights of tennis players\"?
ordinal ratio interval nominal Which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate for
\"Body temperatures of tennis players\"? nominal ordinal interval ratio
Solution
Weights are considered as RATIO Level of Measurement .
In a Ratio scale , its zero position indicates the absence of the quantity being measured .
Body Temperature are considered as INTERVAL Level of Measurement .
Interval scales are numerical scales in which intervals have the same interpretation throughout as
temperature difference between two values indicate the same magnitude of difference
Note : If the Body Temperature is given in Kelvins we have to use RATIO scales.
Which statement below regarding membrane structure and membrane tran.pdf
Which statement below regarding membrane structure and membrane transport is true?
Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids would be most
likely to occur as environmental temperatures become warmer.
Cyclization of membrane phospholipidfatty acids (like cyclopropane) would confer more rigid,
straighter hydrocarbon chains
Membrane lipids of by hyperthermophilicarchaebacteriaare of the ester-linked fatty acid type
also found in non-archaebacteria and eukaryotemembranes, respectively.
Cell wall-containing bacteria and archaea tend to possess a slightly hypotonic interior to create a
positive turgor pressure thereby helping it to maintain cell shape and form.
Group translocationis a transport mechanism that moves molecules via facilitated diffusion.A.
Increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids of membrane phospholipids would be most
likely to occur as environmental temperatures become warmer.B.
Cyclization of membrane phospholipidfatty acids (like cyclopropane) would confer more rigid,
straighter hydrocarbon chainsC.
Membrane lipids of by hyperthermophilicarchaebacteriaare of the ester-linked fatty acid type
also found in non-archaebacteria and eukaryotemembranes, respectively.D.
Cell wall-containing bacteria and archaea tend to possess a slightly hypotonic interior to create
a positive turgor pressure thereby helping it to maintain cell shape and form.E.
Group translocationis a transport mechanism that moves molecules via facilitated diffusion.
Solution
The changes in the side chains of fatty acids takes place via cyclization, it helps in rigidifying of
the cell membranes that limits passive diffusion of small molecules.
Therefore, the most appropriate option is B) Cyclization of membrane phospholipid fatty acids
(like cyclopropane) would confer more rigid, straighter hydrocarbon chains.
Why do cyanobacteria possess heterocystsA- Heterocysts shield the.pdf
Why do cyanobacteria possess heterocysts?
A- Heterocysts shield the organism\'s nitrogen fixation enzymes from oxygen
B-Heterocysts serve as a primitive nucleus in these bacteria
C- Bacterial photosynthetic pigments are located in heterocysts
D-Heterocysts are reproductive structures similar to endospores in other bacteria
Solution
Heterocysts are nitrogen fixing cells formed during nitrogen starvation in some cyanobacteria,
hence option A is answer..
Which of the following isare true regarding hex digitsA. Hex dig.pdf
Which of the following is/are true regarding hex digits?
A. Hex digits are made of 4 bits.
B. Hex digits are made of 4 bytes.
C. Hex can be expressed as 0–9 and A–G.
D. Hex can be expressed as 0–9 and A–F.
Solution
A and D are correct. Hex digits are 4 bits in length and can be manipulated to display the
alphanumeric characters 0–9 or A–F.
B and C are incorrect. B is incorrect because hex digits are made of 4 bits, not 4 bytes. C is
incorrect because hex digits can only represent characters up to F..
which is true of the data shown in the histogramI. The distributi.pdf
which is true of the data shown in the histogram?
I. The distribution is approximately symmetric.
II. The mean and median are approximately equal.
III. The median and IQR summarize the data better than the mean and standard deviation.
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. III only
D. I, II, and III
E. I only
Solution
I. The distribution is approximately symmetric.
II. The mean and median are approximately equal.
We have 3 beccause, it symmetric by lookinng it for both right, left at hirarchy level
Mean, Median are centered, and equal.
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