Aircraft fuel flow indicators monitor fuel levels in one or more tanks, evolving from mechanical systems to electric and finally to digital systems for increased accuracy. Modern systems use electronic data management to measure fuel flow and levels, providing information on distance-to-empty and other metrics. J.P. Instruments is a leading manufacturer of advanced fuel indicators in the U.S.

1. How Aircraft Fuel
Flow Indicators
Work?
Aircraft’s have two wings and a fuel tank in each of them. Some aircraft are adopted for long
duration flights and may have more than two fuel tanks. Having one fuel flow indicator for one
tank is easy to understand but ever wonder how a single fuel flow indicator can provide
information regarding fuel levels in two or more tanks? Read on.
In days gone by, an aircraft fuel flow indicator was basically an adaption of the vehicle fuel flow
indicator. It had an analog system (i.e. mechanical) via a micro float valve and a tiny bucket wheel.
As the fuel flowed, the bucket wheel rotated inside the fuel pipe and provided a reasonably
accurate fuel flow rate. Meanwhile the float valve gave an actual indication of who much fuel was
left in the tanks. The fuel balance indicator and fuel flow indicator looked a little more complex
than your average car fuel indicator but the essential functionality was the same.
The float valve position and the rotation rate of the bucket wheel were converted to an analog
indication via a drive magnet. As you can imagine, this was a very delicate arrangement.
Some 20 years ago, the humble fuel indicator and fuel flow indicators were upgraded to
electrically powered indicator. This brought in a level of accuracy to the fuel indicator and fuel
flow indicators. The system no longer relied on metal wires or cables connecting the float valve or
bucket wheel to the actual fuel indicator and fuel flow indicators. These metal cables were prone
to get tangled and during a turbulent flight, were known to get tangled making them highly
unreliable. Which is why in WWII war movies, you often saw pilots tapping at the fuel flow
indicator to make sure nothing were stuck.
The electrical system did away with the cables and instead worked by calculating the capacitance.
Basically, the electrical fuel indicator and fuel flow indicators used a capacitor to do the

2. calculation. Here’s how it worked – the capacitor stored an electric charge. How much of this
electric charge it stored depended on the level of the fuel in the aircraft.
More the fuel, higher the stored charge – very simple when you think about it. In turn, the
capacitance charge level is converted by the Digital EGT Gauge into an analog or digital read-out.
Roughly 10 years back, the electrical fuel indicator and Aircraft Fuel Flow Indicator were swapped
out for a new innovation – the digital fuel indicator and fuel flow indicators. Here’s how the digital
fuel indicator and fuel flow indicators worked:
When Fuel Flow Indicators fuel flowed through a pipe, it could be accurately measured via the
Aircraft Electronic Data Management Systems (EDMS). The output could either be displayed as a
bar graph or as a number (depending on the pilot preference). Modern EDMS not only indicated
fuel levels and fuel flow levels with a high degree of accuracy, they could provide other valuable
information too such as, distance-to-empty and with a GPS plugged in, they could even indicate
whether the plane had enough fuel to make it to a specific destination.
In the United States, J.P. Instruments are the premier manufacturers of modern day fuel indicator
and fuel flow indicators. More information here: https://www.jpinstruments.com/ Error margin
would indicate a fuel leak and trigger an alarm.
JPI Sales:
1-800-345-4574
714-557-3805
FAX: 714-557-9840
sales@jpinstruments.com
JPI Technical Support:
1-800-345-4574
714-557-3805
support@jpinstruments.com
J.P. Instruments Inc.
3185-B Airway Ave
Costa Mesa, CA 92626