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STARTUNED®
Information for the Independent Mercedes-Benz Service Professional
May/June 20 I I             U.S. $6.00   € 9.00    Volume I I   Number 3




     IN THIS ISSUE:
     3    MIXTURE FORMATION
          Find the cause of a fuel system glitch

     6    POWER DISTRIBUTION
          Changing Technology revolutionizes power

     10   KNOWING OUR ABC's
          Keeping the system in Tip Top shape

     1
     4THE NET
       Tech info for you
In 1888, the New York piano maker Steinway & Sons obtained the rights to all Daimler
patents in the U.S., and produced the "American Mercedes" from 1905 through 1907.




  45 HORSE.POWER AMERICAN MERCEDES
Mixture
  Formati0n
  With emissions and mpg both
  looming so large right now, you can't
  have your customers driving around with
  the MIL on, but it's not always so easy to
  find the cause of a fuel system glitch                                                                            .pressure before you
                                                                                                             into high-tech diagnosis.

- Some of the most common driveability / emissions               it. That may sound simple enough, but we know
 repairs we are asked to perform involve the engine's            from experience that if the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble
 fuel control system. This is not just because of gas            Code) that's present is related to the fuel system,
 mileage concerns and illuminated MILs (Malfunction              there are often many twists and turns in the trail
 Indicator Lamps), but also because more and                     that leads to the source of the trouble. What tools
 more states have adopted some sort of emissions                 do we have to identify the problem?
 inspection program. Typically, if the MIL is on, the
 ve hicle will not pass. Also, your customers don't like
 seeing that warning light any more than they want               First Things First
 to be burning extra gasoline. They know there's a              - Since the fuel system is one of OBD II's three
 problem with the system, so they want it fixed, and             continuous monitors, if a problem exists it is
 who could blame them? So it becomes your job to                 probably going to set a DTC. Of course, attend to
 identify the source of the malfunction and correct              the basics first, such as measuring fuel pressure

                 .
                     -. -   ------ ~-.-----------
                                                                           YIN VVD8RFG4 J~ J FO J 91 Jl     Ball c·tpr.lld'J" 1. " '"   IIIrll:
 Vehicle             1203. 064                                               Control unit                     F12.8




                                                                     [- 1.000 ... 1.000]                                           ms

   596
                                                                 L                           1-
                                                                     [-1 .000 ... 1.000]     I            0.365                    ms

                                                                     [0 .680 ... 1.320]    -1-            'f .000

                                                                     [0 .680 .. . 1.320)                  1.000
                                                                                                          -- -. - - +-----+--1
                                                                     [0 .680 ... 1.320)                   1.000


On this '02 C320, you can see that the idle fuel adaptation is displayed in milliseconds and the port-load readings are split
into two different rpm ranges, lower port load and upper part load. In this case, the injectors are pulsed .3 more due to a
leon condition at idle.
                                                                                             Mercedes-Benz              May/June 201 1         3
MIXTURE FORMATION

and doing a visual check of electrical connections,               you should perform testing while the engine is at
wire integrity, hoses, etc. Then there are the many               idle. If the problem is above idle and under vehicle
sensors and solenoids that determine how much                     load, you should look at the "upper part fuel trim,"
fuel is actually injected. If you have an SDS, you                or "Multiplicative" number. This represents fuel
will have access to the most comprehensive data                   trims throughout the rpm range.
available. For example, look at coolant temperature
as the engine warms up to verify that the thermostat
is keeping the coolant within the proper range.                   A Rose By Any Other Name
Typically, if the thermostat is opening too soon the              " These numbers can be represented on several
                                                                  ....
PCM will flag a Code P0128. Engine speed and load                  different scales. The SDS typically displays them
signals determine the base pulse width, so have the                as either a millisecond adaptation (ms), or in
largest affect on mixture formation. This is providing             Lambda. If you'll recall, Lambda is a scale based
the Mercedes-Benz self-diagnostics have not found                  on stoichiometry, the ideal ratio of 14.7 parts air
a problem with other input sensors.                                to 1 part fuel by weight. This is represented by the
                                                                   number 1.00. If the adaptation number is below
                                                                  this, the computer has seen a rich condition from
Feedback, Feedback, Feedback ...                                  the oxygen sensor, so is reducing fuel. If the number
"""'Believe it or not, the oxygen sensor arrived on the            is above 1.00, the mixture was lean and the PCM
 automotive scene over three decades ago. The PCM                  is adding fuel. The ms scale is simple. This is how
 looks at the signal voltage it generates to tell if the           much time in milliseconds the injector is being held
 mixture is rich or lean. If the signal indicates lean,            open or closed. A negative ms number means fuel
 the PCM will add fuel by increasing pulse width, and              is reduced. If it's a positive number, then fuel is
 vicesa versa. You can see the fuel trim indication in             being added. You should compare Bank 1 and Bank
 the data stream. Mercedes-Benz breaks down these                  2 readings where applicable, but you can also tell if
 fuel trim numbers into two readings. The first is                the engine has a problem at idle or at part throttle.
 "Additive" fuel trim. This reading tells you what the             Use this information to isolate the problem.
 PCM is doing to the mixture at idle and just off idle.
 In the SDS, it is also referred to as the "Idle" trim
 reading, and, on older systems, "lower part load." If            One Bank, Or Two
you see this number deviating from the center point,                 '''''''When dealing with an engine with two banks,
                                                                                          compare the fuel trims from one
                                                  Control unit             2.7
                                                                                         to the other. If you have a problem
                                                                                         with only one bank, focus on that
                                                                                          side's 02 sensor. Once you have
                                                                                          isolated the problem bank, use
                                                                                         the Additive and Multiplicative fuel
                                                                                         trims to determine if it occurs at
                                                                                          idle or part throttle. If the problem
                                                                                          is at idle, you need to perform
                                                                                         additional testing. If you have a
                                                                                mV
                                                                                          lean condition and a P0171 /4,
                                                                                mV
                                                                                         check for vacuum leaks. This
                                                                  239           mV
                                                                                         can easily be done with a smoke
                                                                                         machine, but keep in mind that
This 12 cylinder breaks fuel trims down to two six-cylinder engines, then down           the oil is being burned, which can
further into two banks of three cylinders each. This is an overall Lambda reading.       contaminate the MAF element, so
As you can see, each group of three cylinders is close to 1.00.                          remove the MAF first. If you have
4   StarTuned
a rich cond ition, you may have a leaking injector.                                                                 If dea ling with a lean cond ition at higher rpm, the
If the problem is with both banks, you shou ld look                                                                 MAF shou ld be at the top on your li st of suspects .
at sensors that affect both. A lean cond ition can                                                                  Also, you may have a fuel delivery problem. Check
stil l be a vac uum leak, but it can also be low MAF                                                                fuel vo lum e as we ll as fuel pressure, particularly
output. At this time you may want to start looking at                                                               with return-less systems . All of these fuel trim
the MAF.                                                                                                            numbers are based on 02 senso rs that are work in g
                                                                                                                    we ll and prompt ly. Th ey shou ld be ab le to switch
                                                                                                                    rich-lean-rich at least once a second. Th en, race
Problems Over The Road                                                                                              the engin e and you sho ul d see a sudden rich
- Sma ll problems li ke a vacuum leak usually do not                                                                condition, a result of acce leration enrichment (as
 affect the fuel trim much above idle. An inj ector                                                                 wou ld 've been provid ed by the acce lerator pump
 with a weak return sprin g can sti ll cause a rich                                                                 in a carb uretor - remember those?). If yes, you
 cond iti on, but it probab ly won't if it is on ly leaking.                                                        have a good 02 sensor. If you have multiple codes,
                                                                                                                    try clearing them , then clear out fuel adaptations.
 Vehi cle                 1
                          220.178                                       Control unit IME-SFI 2.7
                                                                                                                    Let the engine id le for five minutes and look at
 ILambda control
  Vo~a!l! (mV]                                                                                                  5
                                                                                                                    the idle (Additive) fuel numbers. Foll ow this with
  ':1
   B
   ool
                  -- ---                                --- - -                       .-               --       6

                                                                                                                8
                                                                                                                    a short road test and look at the part throttle
                          Ii             f'      f                      fI ti'               1;£                (Multiplicative) numbers to see if it looks li ke codes
   100     (l    I              ~..Jl:                       "1                          'j             £i
                                                                                                                    will set aga in .

                                                                                                       ~
   600j t,
   500


  ::1 ~
  2~: }
                                 II/ Ii         1' 1                              ,J          )                   - Of course, there are many causes of fuel trim
   : ~I
  · 200     .
                                                                                                                     codes, but using your SDS and fuel trim numbers
          0 2 4       6    8 1!l 1214 151 9 20222426 29303234 36 384042 444848 50 52 54 56 58 aD
                                                        Tlme[s]
                                                                                                                     shou ld help reduce your diagnostic time. It also leads
    Note:                                                                                                            to accurate diagnosis and satisfied customers. I
    Actual value curve 1 in color 'Ught green': 0 2 sensor voltage , right. upstream of   m G. cylinders 1 ~3
The accuracy of the feedback system is based on good 02
sensor readings. Here, you are looking at cylinders seven
through 12, and two pre-TWC and two post-TWC 02
sensors. The red and green traces are the two front 02
sensors, which are switching normally.




                                                                                                                    With a quality DMM (Digital Multi-Meter) you con measure
This is the MAF signal reading on an E320 at idle.You should                                                        signal voltage using the MAXIMIN feature . While recording,
see between 1.3 and 1.4 volts. If your reading is higher or                                                         accelerate to WOT and see what your maximum voltage is.
lower than this, you probably have fuel trim codes. If this is                                                      A good MAF should read over 4.0V If not, you probably have
severe enough, you may also be facing a drivability problem.                                                        a fuel trim code with high Multiplicative readings.
                                                                                                                                          Mercedes-Benz     May/June 2011    5
- While the 12-volt automotive battery is still the                can properly recharge and test each different type.
 electrical storage device of choice for all non-hybrid            Having two batteries to deal with also poses some
 vehic les, the similarities in late-model electrical              questions. For example, does one battery do one
 systems to those of the past stop there. Mercedes-                thing while the other does something else? The se
 Benz sti ll used conventional lead-acid batteries in              newer ve hicles draw significant current with the key
 the last few years, so you can continue to follow                 on and the engine off, and even while the engine
 t radi ti onal testing methods. But Mercedes-Benz                 is running electrical loads from computer control
 ha s also introduced a dual-battery system that uses              units, blower motors, auxiliary coolant pumps,
 t he AG M/VRLA battery (Absorbent Glass Mat!                      wipers, defrosters, heated seats and steering
 Va lve Regulated Lead Acid). You need to be able to               wheels, etc. can exceed what the alternator can
 identify t he differences between the two so that you             provide at idle. Adding a second battery provides
                                                                   the extra electrical storage capacity needed.



                                                                   Know What You're Working On
                                                               -           Starting with modern chassis like the 211, there's
                                                                         a main battery mounted on the passenger side of
                                                                         the spare tire. It is of the AGM type, whi ch means
                                                                         yo u need to use different methods to recharge
                                                                         and test it. In recent years, you've been told to
                                                                         rapidly charge lead-acid batteries. While AGMs
                                                                         can be charged with conventional equipment,
                                                                         they require a low charge rate. Fast charging will
                                                                         damage the internal parts of the battery. We also
If you see a large auxiliary battery on on earlier dual-
battery system, it's for starting. The battery in the rear               cannot use typical testing methods such as app lying
powers the main system. A white case tells you it's not                  an electrical load with a carbon pile, or checking
on AGM battery, but_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _lead-acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _specific_gravity._Mercedes-Benz_ _ _ _ _-==~~= the
                   __
                       the regular _ _ _ _ _ _ type.                      _____   _____     _ ______c _ _ _ _ _
                                                                                              ••    _
                                                                                                                recommends
6   StarTuned
use of the Midtronics MCR 717 battery tester or                 to use them . Look for and read the red protective
equivalent. It applies a specific AC voltage to the             battery positive terminal cap and it will warm you if
battery and monitors the responding current flow.               it is an AGM.
Many new battery charger/testers are available
and have selections for AGM batteries, so it's okay
                                                                Power Flow
                                                                - The rear-mounted battery is the main power
                                                                 supply of the vehicle - it powers the rear pre-fuse
                                                                 box. There are large high-current fuses of 150 and
                                                                 200 amps that bolt down, and blade-type fuses in
                                                                 the box, which power up the front and rear SAMs.
                                                                 This is necessary since the SAM modules provide
                                                                 "wake up" Signals for other systems. It also
                                                                 supplies battery voltage to the interior fuse box.
                                                                 There is a second pre-fuse box mounted in the
                                                                 passenger side foot-well under the carpet. It has a
                                                                 high-capacity capacitor installed in it, so be careful
                                                                 with tools in the area. Since electrical loads can
                                                                 exceed the main battery in the trunk, there is an
This rear-mounted battery is the main electrical power           auxiliary battery mounted under the hood, typically
supply in some newer systems. A black case tells you it is       on the passenger side of the firewall. This battery
an AGM battery. Read the waming on the red cover and             is always grounded, but is not always connected
look (or the letters "VRLA" to confirm. You'll need a special    to the vehicle on the power feed side. It is cut in
battery tester to check this one.                                through an auxiliary relay.



                                                                Who Pulls Whose Chain
                                                                - On the 211 chassis, the relay is mounted under
                                                                 plastic covers at the base of the windshield.




This auxiliary battery has seen better days. It should supply
 I2.6 to I 2.8 volts when properly charged. This one can no
longer hold a charge. The black case tells you to check if it    The battery control module, pictured here, monitors the rear
is an AGM type. In this case, it is. Using an OEM battery        battery voltage, the front battery voltage, and alternator
is the safest way to repair the problem and prevent false        output through the body CAN B. You con talk to it with your
alarms in the future.                                            50S unit and program it if it needs to be replaced.
                                                                                       Mercedes-Benz     May/June 2011      7
POW ER DISTRIBUTIO N

                                                                                      power to the auxiliary cigar
                                                                                      li ghter/power supply sockets
                                                                                      to help reduce electri cal loads .
                                                                                      The contro l unit can also request
                                                                                      that consumers be shut dow n
                                                                                      according to its preprogrammed
                                                                                      priorities . There are two stages
                                                                                      of power reduction . If both
                                                                                      stages do not bring up system
                                                                                      vo ltage, t hen the au xiliary battery
                                                                                      relay is energized (connecting
                                                                                      t he auxiliary battery to the
                                                                                      front pre-fuse box) and the red
                                                                                      warning message is displayed on
                                                                                      th e das h. In this case, you will
                                                                                      need to check the condition of
                                                                                      both batteries with yo ur te ste r,
                                                                                      and alternator output to see
                                                                                      what is causing the prob lem .
                                                                                      Remember, before condemning
                                                                                      any component, ma ke sure the
                                                                                      system is not being shut off d ue
This is the auxiliary battery relay. It turns on to allow the auxiliary battery to    to excessive electrical load . Pull
charge and, if system voltage is low, to odd current under heavier loads. It is       and clear codes after a Ouic k Test
not on all the time, so do not expect the auxiliary battery to always indicate        and see if it starts working again.
charging voltage.


With a paid subscription to                  auxil iary battery when system           A Known Quantity
www.startekinfo.com . you can                vo ltage is low. The contro l            - Th e alternator can be te sted
loo k up component locations                 mod ul e looks at t he vo ltage of        as any other alternator, but yo u
with Starfinder for your particular          both ba tteries and the alternato r       need to make sure the batte ri es
model. When extra electrica l                output t hroug h a CAN . You can          are in at least adequate shape
current is needed, the re lay is             access t hi s control unit wit h yo ur    for testing. If the batteries need
turned on. The au xiliary ba ttery           SDS and retrieve DTCs.                    rep lacement, make sure you get
suppl y voltage is app lied through                                                    t he AGM type that meets the
a 150-amp fuse to the front pre-                                                       spec ifications of the original s. If
fuse box. This battery is also an            Warnings                                  not, you may get false warning
AGM, so the sa me rule s app ly              - If th e battery contro l modu le        messages in the clu ster and
for chargin g and testing as for              detects a fau lt, you' ll see a          improper charging and acti vati on
th e main battery. The re lay is              message in the instrument cluster        of the auxi liary battery. Using
operated by a Battery Control                 warn ing t he driver. The prob lem       OEM batteries is the best way to
 Module, which is mounted by the              can be no charging, low vo ltage,        avo id th is. The specifications are
main battery in the trunk. The                or overc harging. If th e vo ltage is    printed on both the front and re ar
module activa tes the auxiliary               just low, the warn ing message           batteries . Also, Battery Control
battery relay in two cases: First,            te ll s you to cut off accessories.      Modu les are reprogrammabl e
to rech arge the au xiliary battery,          The modu le is also in contro l of       and your SDS wil l prompt you if
and, sec ond, to connect the                  a cut-off relay that interrupts          updated software is ava ilable . I

8   StarTuned
The suspension system is often considered                     the two. With electronics, they can change ride
the pe rsonality of a vehicle . A soft suspension               heights, suspension stiffness, body roll, etc. The two
gives a compliant, comfortable ride, but doesn't                main systems the company offers are Active Body
provide enough road feedback for sporty driving.                Control (ABC) and Semi-Active Suspension (SAS).
A taut suspension is well suited for motoring fun,              ABC is hydrau lic, whereas SAS is pneumatic, us ing
but may not be very comfortable on ro ugh roads.                air springs, but also incorporates ADS II, which
Mercedes-Benz engineers believe in the use of                   controls the vehicle's dampening hyd rau lica lly. Of
creative technology to provide a combination of                 course, it's very important for proper diagnosis and
                                                                repair to be able to know for sure what the vehicle
                                                                you're working on is equipped with.

                                                                   Certain models, such as the early 230 chassis SL-
                                                                Class, use the ABC hydraul ic system, which controls
                                                                ride height. With its built-in intel ligence, if the driver
                                                                has selected a high setting, it will be overridden
                                                                whenever the vehicle exceeds 68mph - the bod y
                                                                will descend to its lowest position for optimum
                                                                center-of-gravity and handling.

                                                                  SAS can be found on later chassis, such as t he
                                                                211 E-Class. It is an evolution of the older Airmatic
                                                                system found in the 220 chassis S-Class. It still
                                                                uses pneumatics, but now it has two-chamber
                                                                struts. Dampening is controlled by decreasing or
                                                                increasing the air volume through opening either
The hydraulic pressure of the ABC system is provided by         one or two chambers in the ai r spring. The ADS II
a belt-driven pump, the some one that feeds the power           hydraulic system provide four levels of dampen ing
steering system. It will be damaged if allowed to run dry for   control that the driver can select with a switch
over four seconds, so make sure the fluid is up to the proper   mounted in the LCP (Lower Control Panel).
level and that the reservoir (tIters are not clogged.
10   StarTun ed
- The ABC hydraulics operate at over 2,900 psi, so
                                                                     it is important to reduce this pressure to safe levels
                                                                     before attempting repairs. With any Airmatic or SAS
                                                                     system, you should also relieve the pressure before
                                                                     starting any suspension work to prevent damage to
                                                                     the components . It wi ll also make reassembly much
                                                                     easier because a collapsed strut can be positioned
                                                                     more easi ly than an inflated one. The SDS is used
                                                                     to safe ly reduce this pressure. With ABC, pressure
                                                                     is generated by a belt-driven hydraulic pump (the
                                                                     same one that provides psi to the power steering).
                                                                     A return-flow solenoid contro ls fluid being drawn
                                                                     in from the reservoir. There are two levels on the
                                                                     dipstick, one for high suspension levels, and the
                                                                     other for low. The return lin es for both the power
                                                                     steering and ABC reservoirs have filters in them,
                                                                     which should be replaced any time the system is
You'll find a screen in the banjo bolt of the pressure feed          opened and refilled with new fluid.
line. It protects the system by blocking debris. It should be
removed and cleaned whenever service work is done to                 - As an example, in the 230 chassis ABC fluid
prevent pressure drop in the system.                                 pressure is rou ted to a pressure supply va lve unit




The return-flow filter is mounted in the reservoir. While you're visiting your Mercedes-Benz ports dealer, you should pick up these
filters and at least four liters of hydraulic fluid. This will protect your work and give components the longest possible service life.
                                                                                             Merced es-Benz      May/June 2011       11
LEARN IN G O UR ABCs




  Vehicle            1230.471                                              Control unit

  IActuations
     Control and locking valve of front left suspension strut                                                                I
     Control and locking valve of front right suspension strut
     Control and locking valve of rear left suspension strut
     Control and locking valve of rear right suspension strut
     Move toward calibrated level (automatic) .




Using your SDS, you can control each corner. Move to the calibrated position and perform a "Dynamic Test" (Rodeo mode).
Selecting "Release System Pressure" will also allow you to start disconnecting lines for repair.

mounted behind the driver's side front tire in the               each corner of the vehicle as we ll as engage the
fen der. It controls the pressure applied to the front           "Rodeo" mode where all four corners are raised
and rear axle va lve units. The front valve unit is              and lowered. This allows you to completely test the
mounted in the fron t driver's side fender. It controls          system and check for any potentia l t rouble codes
both front corners in dividua lly. The rear unit is              and leaks . If you've opened any co nnections, yo u'l l
mounted in the driver's side rear fender in front of             need to refill the system and purge it of any air.
the wheel, and contro ls the rear corners individually.          Once again, Startekinfo provides th is step-by-step
A reservoir mounted in each valve stores pressure                procedure . This wi ll prevent the reservo ir fro m
until the pump replenishes t he supply. When                     running dry and damaging t he pu mp. The system
opening t he system, you should know that there                  should always be allowed to sit for 10 minutes to
are four bleed screws, one in each corner, which                 allow fluid to return to the reservo ir fo r an accurate
you can open to let the fluid drain before removing              fluid level reading. After purging air and testing with
li nes. Crack the screws open slowly to prevent                  your SDS, you can confidently retu rn the ve hicle to
spillage . Your SDS un it can also be used to relieve            the customer knowing the system will pe rform as
fluid pressure. Support the vehicle so the pressure              it's supposed to . I
loss does not al low the chassis to drop.
Union and banjo fittings are used to
connect meta l lines. Push-lock fittings
                                                                                                                         PageloTI

are used on ru bber lin es. Push the
plastic lock rings in evenly whi le you
pul l the line out to prevent damage to
the connection .

- You can read al l of t he safety
 precautions in WIS with a pa id
 subscription to www.startekinfo.com .
 The ABC control un it monitors fluid
 temperature and press ure, and controls
 solenoid operation. With your SDS,
 you can look at this data, and under             With your paid subscription to Startekinfo you can review all of the safety
 "Actuations" you can ma nually control
                                                  procedures before attempting a repair. You can also look up locations of the
                                                  bleed screws to depressurize the system so you can start work.
12     StarTuned
• ••




              . . . on all eight with www.startekinfo.com.

Mercedes-Benz USA Dealer Workshop Services is the source for all the technical
information needed to support, service, and maintain Mercedes-Benz vehicles.
Mercedes-Benz workshops rely on DWS products and services for getting jobs
done quickly and more efficiently. Our products include:
• STAR TekInfo with WIS-net (Workshop   •   Maintenance Manuals and Sheets
  Information System)                   •   STAR Service Manual Library CDs
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• Installation Instructions             •   Star Diagnosis System (SDS)
• Technical Bulletins                   •   Operator's Manuals and COMAND Manuals
• Campaigns                             •   Mercedes-Benz Equipment
• Mercedes-Benz Special Tools           •   Inventory of technical publications


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Repair and Parts Information                                                                                                                                                    · Page with helpful parts information .
~                                                                                                                                                                    "



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                   Keep It Genuine with Mercedes-Benz Service and Parts
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                   c.t1",~ ........"""... 1 ..... T"d"'k ... ~. &'<c "'G'-' ''''1ln ;""t<;,I'-". '" ~ n.Q !,"~ '~".'   ....., ~~ r;,,,! I",.,. ""1J<~<" the "..., '" "I<>'~
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                                                                                                                                                                                             Accessories Details
Show your customer why you recommend                                                                                                                                                         BIlIawarulIOmftlinkayoumayfinduloflfu!.



Mercedes-Benz OE Pa rts.                                                                                                                                                                     1{j.J   Link to M6USA AC(:IIS41 or!os




                   Please visit us at
www.mbusa.com/mercedes/service and parts /genuine parts
N
IT'S ALL IN THE PROCESS
Remanufacturing Process (Genuine M ~~a~~~.
1. Dismantle core                  2. Replace key          3. Test all        4. Replace
  and clean all                      components 1,00%        other critical     components that
  components.                        with new OE part.       components.        do not meet



Rebuilt Process (Ty
1.~ldentify damaged                  2. Replace damag
   part or parts.                       part with non-OE
                                          rt and clean.




 - --          - ~.        ~



   I       1          ... ,, ' I
 Available through your local Mercedes-Benz Dealer
COMPLIMENTS OF R B M OF ATLANTA, INC.
                                                 770-390-0601




 Don't gamble with your reputation. Keep it Genuine.
                                           Your Mercedes-Benz customers expect the best without excuses or compromise.
                                           When a customer trusts you enough to give you their Mercedes-Benz to work on,
                                           there's one way to make sure it's still all Mercedes-BeRz when you give it back:
                                           Use GeRuine Mercedes-Benz Parts. For more information, contact your local
      ---"----"-_1                         Mercedes-Benz Wholesale Parts Dealer or visit us at www.mbwholesaleparts.com.


               UNSURPASSED QUALITY I FACTORY BUILT & TESTED I COMPETITIVE PRICE I PROVEN RELIABILITY I PRECISION FIT I LIMITED WARRANTY




                                                                                                                Mercedes-Benz
© 20 10 Mercedes·Ben z USA. LLC.

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StarTuned Magazine May/june 2011

  • 1. STARTUNED® Information for the Independent Mercedes-Benz Service Professional May/June 20 I I U.S. $6.00 € 9.00 Volume I I Number 3 IN THIS ISSUE: 3 MIXTURE FORMATION Find the cause of a fuel system glitch 6 POWER DISTRIBUTION Changing Technology revolutionizes power 10 KNOWING OUR ABC's Keeping the system in Tip Top shape 1 4THE NET Tech info for you
  • 2. In 1888, the New York piano maker Steinway & Sons obtained the rights to all Daimler patents in the U.S., and produced the "American Mercedes" from 1905 through 1907. 45 HORSE.POWER AMERICAN MERCEDES
  • 3. Mixture Formati0n With emissions and mpg both looming so large right now, you can't have your customers driving around with the MIL on, but it's not always so easy to find the cause of a fuel system glitch .pressure before you into high-tech diagnosis. - Some of the most common driveability / emissions it. That may sound simple enough, but we know repairs we are asked to perform involve the engine's from experience that if the DTC (Diagnostic Trouble fuel control system. This is not just because of gas Code) that's present is related to the fuel system, mileage concerns and illuminated MILs (Malfunction there are often many twists and turns in the trail Indicator Lamps), but also because more and that leads to the source of the trouble. What tools more states have adopted some sort of emissions do we have to identify the problem? inspection program. Typically, if the MIL is on, the ve hicle will not pass. Also, your customers don't like seeing that warning light any more than they want First Things First to be burning extra gasoline. They know there's a - Since the fuel system is one of OBD II's three problem with the system, so they want it fixed, and continuous monitors, if a problem exists it is who could blame them? So it becomes your job to probably going to set a DTC. Of course, attend to identify the source of the malfunction and correct the basics first, such as measuring fuel pressure . -. - ------ ~-.----------- YIN VVD8RFG4 J~ J FO J 91 Jl Ball c·tpr.lld'J" 1. " '" IIIrll: Vehicle 1203. 064 Control unit F12.8 [- 1.000 ... 1.000] ms 596 L 1- [-1 .000 ... 1.000] I 0.365 ms [0 .680 ... 1.320] -1- 'f .000 [0 .680 .. . 1.320) 1.000 -- -. - - +-----+--1 [0 .680 ... 1.320) 1.000 On this '02 C320, you can see that the idle fuel adaptation is displayed in milliseconds and the port-load readings are split into two different rpm ranges, lower port load and upper part load. In this case, the injectors are pulsed .3 more due to a leon condition at idle. Mercedes-Benz May/June 201 1 3
  • 4. MIXTURE FORMATION and doing a visual check of electrical connections, you should perform testing while the engine is at wire integrity, hoses, etc. Then there are the many idle. If the problem is above idle and under vehicle sensors and solenoids that determine how much load, you should look at the "upper part fuel trim," fuel is actually injected. If you have an SDS, you or "Multiplicative" number. This represents fuel will have access to the most comprehensive data trims throughout the rpm range. available. For example, look at coolant temperature as the engine warms up to verify that the thermostat is keeping the coolant within the proper range. A Rose By Any Other Name Typically, if the thermostat is opening too soon the " These numbers can be represented on several .... PCM will flag a Code P0128. Engine speed and load different scales. The SDS typically displays them signals determine the base pulse width, so have the as either a millisecond adaptation (ms), or in largest affect on mixture formation. This is providing Lambda. If you'll recall, Lambda is a scale based the Mercedes-Benz self-diagnostics have not found on stoichiometry, the ideal ratio of 14.7 parts air a problem with other input sensors. to 1 part fuel by weight. This is represented by the number 1.00. If the adaptation number is below this, the computer has seen a rich condition from Feedback, Feedback, Feedback ... the oxygen sensor, so is reducing fuel. If the number """'Believe it or not, the oxygen sensor arrived on the is above 1.00, the mixture was lean and the PCM automotive scene over three decades ago. The PCM is adding fuel. The ms scale is simple. This is how looks at the signal voltage it generates to tell if the much time in milliseconds the injector is being held mixture is rich or lean. If the signal indicates lean, open or closed. A negative ms number means fuel the PCM will add fuel by increasing pulse width, and is reduced. If it's a positive number, then fuel is vicesa versa. You can see the fuel trim indication in being added. You should compare Bank 1 and Bank the data stream. Mercedes-Benz breaks down these 2 readings where applicable, but you can also tell if fuel trim numbers into two readings. The first is the engine has a problem at idle or at part throttle. "Additive" fuel trim. This reading tells you what the Use this information to isolate the problem. PCM is doing to the mixture at idle and just off idle. In the SDS, it is also referred to as the "Idle" trim reading, and, on older systems, "lower part load." If One Bank, Or Two you see this number deviating from the center point, '''''''When dealing with an engine with two banks, compare the fuel trims from one Control unit 2.7 to the other. If you have a problem with only one bank, focus on that side's 02 sensor. Once you have isolated the problem bank, use the Additive and Multiplicative fuel trims to determine if it occurs at idle or part throttle. If the problem is at idle, you need to perform additional testing. If you have a mV lean condition and a P0171 /4, mV check for vacuum leaks. This 239 mV can easily be done with a smoke machine, but keep in mind that This 12 cylinder breaks fuel trims down to two six-cylinder engines, then down the oil is being burned, which can further into two banks of three cylinders each. This is an overall Lambda reading. contaminate the MAF element, so As you can see, each group of three cylinders is close to 1.00. remove the MAF first. If you have 4 StarTuned
  • 5. a rich cond ition, you may have a leaking injector. If dea ling with a lean cond ition at higher rpm, the If the problem is with both banks, you shou ld look MAF shou ld be at the top on your li st of suspects . at sensors that affect both. A lean cond ition can Also, you may have a fuel delivery problem. Check stil l be a vac uum leak, but it can also be low MAF fuel vo lum e as we ll as fuel pressure, particularly output. At this time you may want to start looking at with return-less systems . All of these fuel trim the MAF. numbers are based on 02 senso rs that are work in g we ll and prompt ly. Th ey shou ld be ab le to switch rich-lean-rich at least once a second. Th en, race Problems Over The Road the engin e and you sho ul d see a sudden rich - Sma ll problems li ke a vacuum leak usually do not condition, a result of acce leration enrichment (as affect the fuel trim much above idle. An inj ector wou ld 've been provid ed by the acce lerator pump with a weak return sprin g can sti ll cause a rich in a carb uretor - remember those?). If yes, you cond iti on, but it probab ly won't if it is on ly leaking. have a good 02 sensor. If you have multiple codes, try clearing them , then clear out fuel adaptations. Vehi cle 1 220.178 Control unit IME-SFI 2.7 Let the engine id le for five minutes and look at ILambda control Vo~a!l! (mV] 5 the idle (Additive) fuel numbers. Foll ow this with ':1 B ool -- --- --- - - .- -- 6 8 a short road test and look at the part throttle Ii f' f fI ti' 1;£ (Multiplicative) numbers to see if it looks li ke codes 100 (l I ~..Jl: "1 'j £i will set aga in . ~ 600j t, 500 ::1 ~ 2~: } II/ Ii 1' 1 ,J ) - Of course, there are many causes of fuel trim : ~I · 200 . codes, but using your SDS and fuel trim numbers 0 2 4 6 8 1!l 1214 151 9 20222426 29303234 36 384042 444848 50 52 54 56 58 aD Tlme[s] shou ld help reduce your diagnostic time. It also leads Note: to accurate diagnosis and satisfied customers. I Actual value curve 1 in color 'Ught green': 0 2 sensor voltage , right. upstream of m G. cylinders 1 ~3 The accuracy of the feedback system is based on good 02 sensor readings. Here, you are looking at cylinders seven through 12, and two pre-TWC and two post-TWC 02 sensors. The red and green traces are the two front 02 sensors, which are switching normally. With a quality DMM (Digital Multi-Meter) you con measure This is the MAF signal reading on an E320 at idle.You should signal voltage using the MAXIMIN feature . While recording, see between 1.3 and 1.4 volts. If your reading is higher or accelerate to WOT and see what your maximum voltage is. lower than this, you probably have fuel trim codes. If this is A good MAF should read over 4.0V If not, you probably have severe enough, you may also be facing a drivability problem. a fuel trim code with high Multiplicative readings. Mercedes-Benz May/June 2011 5
  • 6. - While the 12-volt automotive battery is still the can properly recharge and test each different type. electrical storage device of choice for all non-hybrid Having two batteries to deal with also poses some vehic les, the similarities in late-model electrical questions. For example, does one battery do one systems to those of the past stop there. Mercedes- thing while the other does something else? The se Benz sti ll used conventional lead-acid batteries in newer ve hicles draw significant current with the key the last few years, so you can continue to follow on and the engine off, and even while the engine t radi ti onal testing methods. But Mercedes-Benz is running electrical loads from computer control ha s also introduced a dual-battery system that uses units, blower motors, auxiliary coolant pumps, t he AG M/VRLA battery (Absorbent Glass Mat! wipers, defrosters, heated seats and steering Va lve Regulated Lead Acid). You need to be able to wheels, etc. can exceed what the alternator can identify t he differences between the two so that you provide at idle. Adding a second battery provides the extra electrical storage capacity needed. Know What You're Working On - Starting with modern chassis like the 211, there's a main battery mounted on the passenger side of the spare tire. It is of the AGM type, whi ch means yo u need to use different methods to recharge and test it. In recent years, you've been told to rapidly charge lead-acid batteries. While AGMs can be charged with conventional equipment, they require a low charge rate. Fast charging will damage the internal parts of the battery. We also If you see a large auxiliary battery on on earlier dual- battery system, it's for starting. The battery in the rear cannot use typical testing methods such as app lying powers the main system. A white case tells you it's not an electrical load with a carbon pile, or checking on AGM battery, but_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _lead-acid _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _specific_gravity._Mercedes-Benz_ _ _ _ _-==~~= the __ the regular _ _ _ _ _ _ type. _____ _____ _ ______c _ _ _ _ _ •• _ recommends 6 StarTuned
  • 7. use of the Midtronics MCR 717 battery tester or to use them . Look for and read the red protective equivalent. It applies a specific AC voltage to the battery positive terminal cap and it will warm you if battery and monitors the responding current flow. it is an AGM. Many new battery charger/testers are available and have selections for AGM batteries, so it's okay Power Flow - The rear-mounted battery is the main power supply of the vehicle - it powers the rear pre-fuse box. There are large high-current fuses of 150 and 200 amps that bolt down, and blade-type fuses in the box, which power up the front and rear SAMs. This is necessary since the SAM modules provide "wake up" Signals for other systems. It also supplies battery voltage to the interior fuse box. There is a second pre-fuse box mounted in the passenger side foot-well under the carpet. It has a high-capacity capacitor installed in it, so be careful with tools in the area. Since electrical loads can exceed the main battery in the trunk, there is an This rear-mounted battery is the main electrical power auxiliary battery mounted under the hood, typically supply in some newer systems. A black case tells you it is on the passenger side of the firewall. This battery an AGM battery. Read the waming on the red cover and is always grounded, but is not always connected look (or the letters "VRLA" to confirm. You'll need a special to the vehicle on the power feed side. It is cut in battery tester to check this one. through an auxiliary relay. Who Pulls Whose Chain - On the 211 chassis, the relay is mounted under plastic covers at the base of the windshield. This auxiliary battery has seen better days. It should supply I2.6 to I 2.8 volts when properly charged. This one can no longer hold a charge. The black case tells you to check if it The battery control module, pictured here, monitors the rear is an AGM type. In this case, it is. Using an OEM battery battery voltage, the front battery voltage, and alternator is the safest way to repair the problem and prevent false output through the body CAN B. You con talk to it with your alarms in the future. 50S unit and program it if it needs to be replaced. Mercedes-Benz May/June 2011 7
  • 8. POW ER DISTRIBUTIO N power to the auxiliary cigar li ghter/power supply sockets to help reduce electri cal loads . The contro l unit can also request that consumers be shut dow n according to its preprogrammed priorities . There are two stages of power reduction . If both stages do not bring up system vo ltage, t hen the au xiliary battery relay is energized (connecting t he auxiliary battery to the front pre-fuse box) and the red warning message is displayed on th e das h. In this case, you will need to check the condition of both batteries with yo ur te ste r, and alternator output to see what is causing the prob lem . Remember, before condemning any component, ma ke sure the system is not being shut off d ue This is the auxiliary battery relay. It turns on to allow the auxiliary battery to to excessive electrical load . Pull charge and, if system voltage is low, to odd current under heavier loads. It is and clear codes after a Ouic k Test not on all the time, so do not expect the auxiliary battery to always indicate and see if it starts working again. charging voltage. With a paid subscription to auxil iary battery when system A Known Quantity www.startekinfo.com . you can vo ltage is low. The contro l - Th e alternator can be te sted loo k up component locations mod ul e looks at t he vo ltage of as any other alternator, but yo u with Starfinder for your particular both ba tteries and the alternato r need to make sure the batte ri es model. When extra electrica l output t hroug h a CAN . You can are in at least adequate shape current is needed, the re lay is access t hi s control unit wit h yo ur for testing. If the batteries need turned on. The au xiliary ba ttery SDS and retrieve DTCs. rep lacement, make sure you get suppl y voltage is app lied through t he AGM type that meets the a 150-amp fuse to the front pre- spec ifications of the original s. If fuse box. This battery is also an Warnings not, you may get false warning AGM, so the sa me rule s app ly - If th e battery contro l modu le messages in the clu ster and for chargin g and testing as for detects a fau lt, you' ll see a improper charging and acti vati on th e main battery. The re lay is message in the instrument cluster of the auxi liary battery. Using operated by a Battery Control warn ing t he driver. The prob lem OEM batteries is the best way to Module, which is mounted by the can be no charging, low vo ltage, avo id th is. The specifications are main battery in the trunk. The or overc harging. If th e vo ltage is printed on both the front and re ar module activa tes the auxiliary just low, the warn ing message batteries . Also, Battery Control battery relay in two cases: First, te ll s you to cut off accessories. Modu les are reprogrammabl e to rech arge the au xiliary battery, The modu le is also in contro l of and your SDS wil l prompt you if and, sec ond, to connect the a cut-off relay that interrupts updated software is ava ilable . I 8 StarTuned
  • 9.
  • 10. The suspension system is often considered the two. With electronics, they can change ride the pe rsonality of a vehicle . A soft suspension heights, suspension stiffness, body roll, etc. The two gives a compliant, comfortable ride, but doesn't main systems the company offers are Active Body provide enough road feedback for sporty driving. Control (ABC) and Semi-Active Suspension (SAS). A taut suspension is well suited for motoring fun, ABC is hydrau lic, whereas SAS is pneumatic, us ing but may not be very comfortable on ro ugh roads. air springs, but also incorporates ADS II, which Mercedes-Benz engineers believe in the use of controls the vehicle's dampening hyd rau lica lly. Of creative technology to provide a combination of course, it's very important for proper diagnosis and repair to be able to know for sure what the vehicle you're working on is equipped with. Certain models, such as the early 230 chassis SL- Class, use the ABC hydraul ic system, which controls ride height. With its built-in intel ligence, if the driver has selected a high setting, it will be overridden whenever the vehicle exceeds 68mph - the bod y will descend to its lowest position for optimum center-of-gravity and handling. SAS can be found on later chassis, such as t he 211 E-Class. It is an evolution of the older Airmatic system found in the 220 chassis S-Class. It still uses pneumatics, but now it has two-chamber struts. Dampening is controlled by decreasing or increasing the air volume through opening either The hydraulic pressure of the ABC system is provided by one or two chambers in the ai r spring. The ADS II a belt-driven pump, the some one that feeds the power hydraulic system provide four levels of dampen ing steering system. It will be damaged if allowed to run dry for control that the driver can select with a switch over four seconds, so make sure the fluid is up to the proper mounted in the LCP (Lower Control Panel). level and that the reservoir (tIters are not clogged. 10 StarTun ed
  • 11. - The ABC hydraulics operate at over 2,900 psi, so it is important to reduce this pressure to safe levels before attempting repairs. With any Airmatic or SAS system, you should also relieve the pressure before starting any suspension work to prevent damage to the components . It wi ll also make reassembly much easier because a collapsed strut can be positioned more easi ly than an inflated one. The SDS is used to safe ly reduce this pressure. With ABC, pressure is generated by a belt-driven hydraulic pump (the same one that provides psi to the power steering). A return-flow solenoid contro ls fluid being drawn in from the reservoir. There are two levels on the dipstick, one for high suspension levels, and the other for low. The return lin es for both the power steering and ABC reservoirs have filters in them, which should be replaced any time the system is You'll find a screen in the banjo bolt of the pressure feed opened and refilled with new fluid. line. It protects the system by blocking debris. It should be removed and cleaned whenever service work is done to - As an example, in the 230 chassis ABC fluid prevent pressure drop in the system. pressure is rou ted to a pressure supply va lve unit The return-flow filter is mounted in the reservoir. While you're visiting your Mercedes-Benz ports dealer, you should pick up these filters and at least four liters of hydraulic fluid. This will protect your work and give components the longest possible service life. Merced es-Benz May/June 2011 11
  • 12. LEARN IN G O UR ABCs Vehicle 1230.471 Control unit IActuations Control and locking valve of front left suspension strut I Control and locking valve of front right suspension strut Control and locking valve of rear left suspension strut Control and locking valve of rear right suspension strut Move toward calibrated level (automatic) . Using your SDS, you can control each corner. Move to the calibrated position and perform a "Dynamic Test" (Rodeo mode). Selecting "Release System Pressure" will also allow you to start disconnecting lines for repair. mounted behind the driver's side front tire in the each corner of the vehicle as we ll as engage the fen der. It controls the pressure applied to the front "Rodeo" mode where all four corners are raised and rear axle va lve units. The front valve unit is and lowered. This allows you to completely test the mounted in the fron t driver's side fender. It controls system and check for any potentia l t rouble codes both front corners in dividua lly. The rear unit is and leaks . If you've opened any co nnections, yo u'l l mounted in the driver's side rear fender in front of need to refill the system and purge it of any air. the wheel, and contro ls the rear corners individually. Once again, Startekinfo provides th is step-by-step A reservoir mounted in each valve stores pressure procedure . This wi ll prevent the reservo ir fro m until the pump replenishes t he supply. When running dry and damaging t he pu mp. The system opening t he system, you should know that there should always be allowed to sit for 10 minutes to are four bleed screws, one in each corner, which allow fluid to return to the reservo ir fo r an accurate you can open to let the fluid drain before removing fluid level reading. After purging air and testing with li nes. Crack the screws open slowly to prevent your SDS, you can confidently retu rn the ve hicle to spillage . Your SDS un it can also be used to relieve the customer knowing the system will pe rform as fluid pressure. Support the vehicle so the pressure it's supposed to . I loss does not al low the chassis to drop. Union and banjo fittings are used to connect meta l lines. Push-lock fittings PageloTI are used on ru bber lin es. Push the plastic lock rings in evenly whi le you pul l the line out to prevent damage to the connection . - You can read al l of t he safety precautions in WIS with a pa id subscription to www.startekinfo.com . The ABC control un it monitors fluid temperature and press ure, and controls solenoid operation. With your SDS, you can look at this data, and under With your paid subscription to Startekinfo you can review all of the safety "Actuations" you can ma nually control procedures before attempting a repair. You can also look up locations of the bleed screws to depressurize the system so you can start work. 12 StarTuned
  • 13. • •• . . . on all eight with www.startekinfo.com. Mercedes-Benz USA Dealer Workshop Services is the source for all the technical information needed to support, service, and maintain Mercedes-Benz vehicles. Mercedes-Benz workshops rely on DWS products and services for getting jobs done quickly and more efficiently. Our products include: • STAR TekInfo with WIS-net (Workshop • Maintenance Manuals and Sheets Information System) • STAR Service Manual Library CDs • Electrical Troubleshooting Manuals • WIS and DAS software updates • Installation Instructions • Star Diagnosis System (SDS) • Technical Bulletins • Operator's Manuals and COMAND Manuals • Campaigns • Mercedes-Benz Equipment • Mercedes-Benz Special Tools • Inventory of technical publications STAR TekInfo Dealer Workshop Services Engineering Services, Mercedes-Benz USA, LLC. @ Mercedes-Benz
  • 14. I I · What's New : Accessories tab added for direct access to the items that enhance your Mercedes-Benz vehicle. Sourcing Mercedes-Benz Repair and Parts Information · Page with helpful parts information . ~ " ~ · Links to other informative sites like the Mercedes-Benz Service and Parts ----------------------------------- - ~-= ~~- SERVICING YOUR VEHICLE Keep It Genuine with Mercedes-Benz Service and Parts SuP«lo< ","",""",nee. e><QLll$b ""Ie, and cuttin9-edoctedndooY .....t>M 'Ou ~~Ptrt from Me<a=~c.·a..1U. "-0' a ...... g . . ~.,...".~.OOJr ... I'I'IIIIit"'."!l tol'OUconlin""'$wlt1l_"_d&I.~·Betu.....nc..,~ru ..... ~ ... .. you · Direct link to the Electronic Parts Catalog (EPC) .....hide .......t """~~ ....<1 (rttao__ 1 ~~~ d "" to .. ear Of &<;ClcI~U a,,,. laol 01 ~ellode QW"_~ . WIW II ~ bftI. to "I_rs ....... « ~l»It ,,,10k'" at.~ II~II'I~"""O M.".",ri<$· I1.",. de"I.... I'tt;>~ c.t1",~ ........"""... 1 ..... T"d"'k ... ~. &'<c "'G'-' ''''1ln ;""t<;,I'-". '" ~ n.Q !,"~ '~".' ....., ~~ r;,,,! I",.,. ""1J<~<" the "..., '" "I<>'~ to look up parts. "'l' .~".',,~ •• " .:".,~, •..),.L~~..- t 11 ~""~"y ,"""" " ~ " <>1, /",~ · Downloadable Remanufactured Pa rts Catalog Superior performance, exquisite style, and cutting- and Reman Parts po licies. edge technology are what you expect from Mercedes-Benz. · User friendly links to tools such as STAR Tekinfo and WIS. Certified Mercedes-Benz Technicians are required to participate in ongoing training, assuring that they · WebParts online ordering information and how-to master the use of state-of-the-art diagnostics, tools, video tutorial. and equipment to properly repair Mercedes-Benz vehic les. . Search feature to find archived StarTuned Magazine articles & information. Genuine Mercedes-Benz replacement parts and Please visit us at www.mbwholesaleparts.com accessories installed by certified technicians preserve the performance and integrity of your vehicle. As wel l, keeping it genuine with Mercedes-Benz parts wil l help maintain your vehicle ' s resid ual value. Accessories Details Show your customer why you recommend BIlIawarulIOmftlinkayoumayfinduloflfu!. Mercedes-Benz OE Pa rts. 1{j.J Link to M6USA AC(:IIS41 or!os Please visit us at www.mbusa.com/mercedes/service and parts /genuine parts
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