The Volunteer Protection Act provides liability protection for volunteers of non-profit organizations and government entities. It protects volunteers from civil lawsuits related to harm caused while performing their volunteer duties, unless they acted with gross negligence or criminal misconduct. Participating in a National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster agency provides benefits to volunteers like learning opportunities, skills development, and networking. The Incident Command system helps provide structure, accountability, and coordination between responding organizations.

1. homework for pa
i need someone to answer this question and i already put 2 different answers below so u all
need is just paraphrasingthe questionProvide a synopsis of the Volunteer Protection Act.
What protection does this act provide? Any major omissions in coverage from the
volunteer’s perspective? Does participation in a NVOAD agency provide any benefit to
the volunteer? Any benefit to the Incident Command organization? 500 words plzanswer
1Volunteer Protection Act is either found in the state or the central government levels. The
law relates to the applicability of civil liability to organizations. It only applies to the
volunteers who have to meet the legal requirement of the state (Groble & Brudney, 2015,).
The aims are to promote volunteerism in an environment that is risk-free from any form of
liability when acting for nonprofit organizations and government entities (Authenticated
U.S. Government Information, 1997). However, this protection can only be in place if the
volunteer was qualified and performed his or her responsibilities well with no intention to
cause harm.This act further protects non-profit organizations who coordinate and support
volunteers from punitive unintentional damage. As a result, it saves money for these
charities, which could have been used to cater for lawsuits. In addition, this coverage also
increases the staff power of these entities since volunteers are now more willing to
participate. Volunteer protection act does not apply to criminal misbehavior, recklessness,
and gross carelessness, conscious, the flagrant indifference of the right or well-being of the
individual injured by the volunteer. The act does not apply to harm caused by vehicle,
aircraft, vessel or any other vehicle, which is required by the state to possess an
operator’s license or a maintenance license (Groble, Zingale, & Mead, 2018). Volunteers
for business and entities or organizations utilizing the volunteers do not apply to the act
(FEMA, n.d.).By participating in a National Voluntary Organizations Active in Disaster
(NVOAD) agency, a volunteer benefits in various ways such as learning about the
organization. This advantage occurs since the volunteers are allowed to see the internal
working of the organization (Word & Sowa, 2017). Other benefits enable individuals to find
out if they are suitable for a developed career, thereby providing networking opportunities
and creating a job opportunity for the participant. Furthermore, the volunteers gain
experience, new skills, and strengthen their CV.The Incident Command Organization has
helped in clarifying the chain of command and supervision responsibilities for volunteers,
which has improved accountability and also helped in providing an orderly, systematic
planning process. Additionally, it has helped in the implementation of a common,
predesigned, and flexible managerial structure in addition to fostering cooperation between

2. diverse discipline and agencies (FEMA, n.d.).ReferencesAuthenticated U.S. Government
Information (1997). Volunteer protection act of 1997. Public Law 105-19. Retrieved from
https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-105publ19/pdf/P…FEMA (n.d.). Managing
spontaneous volunteers in times of disaster: The synergy of structure and goods
intentionsGroble, P., & Brudney, J. L. (2015, April). When good intentions go wrong:
Immunity under the Volunteer Protection Act. Nonprofit Policy Forum, 6(1), 3-24. doi:
10.1515/npf-2014-0001Groble, P., Zingale, N. C., & Mead, J. (2018). Legislation meets
tradition: Interpretations and implications of the volunteer protection act for nonprofit
organizations as viewed through the lens of hermeneutics. Journal of Public Management &
Social Policy, 24(2). Retrieved from
https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/urban_facpu…Word, J. K., & Sowa, J. E. (2017). The
nonprofit human resource management handbook: From theory to practice. New York, NY:
Routledge.answer 2An effective emergency management involves the integration of all the
emergency plans at all levels which include the government, nonprofit organizations,
volunteers and community-based organizations. Primarily volunteers are the most
significant people who play a major role during emergencies because they are mostly
always available and trained for these emergencies. Some years back, volunteers faced a lot
of challenges mostly after they caused in the scope of their work. These difficulties
discouraged many of the volunteers and so many quitted from the volunteering programs.
To protect these volunteers and encourage them to continue with their job, the Volunteer
Protection Act (VPA) was enacted.The volunteer protection act of 1997 (VPA) was signed
into law on 18th June 1997. The primary purpose of its enactment was to protect the non-
profit organizations, volunteers and the governmental entities in lawsuits that are based on
all the activities carried out by volunteers(U.S. Government Publishing Office, 1997).
Volunteers, in this case, are all those people who out of the clean heart and meaningful that
provide their services expecting nothing back as payment in return. Before the
establishments of the act, many people who willing to give their services were deterred by
the potential liability actions that acted against them, therefore; many public and private
nonprofit organizations, educational institutions and social service agencies were greatly
affected because of the withdrawal of many volunteers from their boards. Therefore, after
the withdrawal of so many people from these nonprofit programs, their activities of helping
people in the community diminished. Thus, the government has been forced to spend a lot
of money to carry out all those activities which were carried out by the programs. However,
after the creation of the Act, more people are now volunteering themselves to work with
these programs to provide free services in the community.The volunteer protection act
provides liability protection for volunteering people under several conditions which
include:People who have not yet been paid their full benefits by the non-profit organization
or government entity. volunteers acting inside the scope of that volunteer’s
responsibilities in the non-profit institution or in the governmental entity during the time of
the action or omission, if the volunteer is legally licensed, authorized or certified by the
right authorities to carry out the activities in that state in which the damage or injury
occurred, where the volunteers undertook the activities within the scope of their
responsibilities in that governmental entity or non-governmental institution. The mistake

3. or harm of a volunteer to an individual did not happen out of gross negligence, criminal
misconduct or willingly.From a volunteer point of view, there are no major omissions by the
volunteer protection act but some suggestions might be the in cooperation of volunteers
who work in commercial sectors. The reason of this suggestion is that since a volunteer is a
person who is willing to offer services without expectation of payments, even those in
commercial areas should also be protected by the act to avoid the volunteers being
mistreated by their leaders. The protection will also encourage the volunteering people to
offer more services. Volunteers have significant benefits in participating in NVOAD agencies
reason being that, NVOAD has so many affiliate member organizations such as the American
Red Cross, the Salvation Army, habitat for humanity and many more which have the
expertise and technical knowledge of dealing with disasters(Groble & Brudney, 2015).
Therefore, volunteers in NVOAD will get the privilege of interacting with different nonprofit
organizations thus get more knowledge and skills in dealing with getting prepared for any
kind of disaster and dealing with emergencies. Another great benefit is that the volunteers
will get the opportunity of interacting with people from different nations thus learning new
cultures because some the affiliate organizations work with people from different countries.
The incident command organization also has benefits of sharing collaborative efforts
thereby providing efficient services to society. Additionally, the incident command
organization also enjoys the exchange of knowledge and skills from the different affiliates of
NVOAD, therefore, getting the competence and expertise of dealing with disaster relief and
recovery.Implication and reflection (I&R) summeryEmergency management is the process
of establishing measures of dealing with and avoiding risks caused by calamities. The
process is taken into account by different stakeholders like the government, non-
governmental organizations, volunteers and the community members. Some decades back,
volunteers were faced with a lot of challenges thus many withdrew from the volunteering
programs. To protect these individuals and institutions; the Volunteer Protection Act was
created. This act protects all people and organizations providing voluntary services from
liabilities of harm that occur along their lines of duty(FEMA, 2017). The act protects these
individuals because they are usually qualified in providing those services and also harm or
accident may occur unknowingly. Before the enactment of the laws, when harm occurred
some of these members were sued yet they did not intend to cause any harm which is the
reason why many individual volunteers and organizations had quitted. However, if it is
determined that an individual caused harm intentionally, the act does not apply its laws in
such a case thus the individual has to be taken through the due process of the court.The
federal-state encourages the operations of volunteers in the society because it does not
have the capacity to carry out all the services that are provided by such individuals and
institutions(Hoffman, Goodman & Stier, 2009). These organizations like the American Red
Cross help bring peace in the community because they the assist people with things that
they do not have, for instance, in times of a fire disaster where people lose their belongings,
this organization provides the victims with basic needs like food and clothing thus the
essence of peace. In conclusion to the summery, the state is not liable for including
mandatory training to volunteers or applying laws enacted for state employees to them
because they carry out their duties voluntarily.ReferencesFederal Emergency Management

4. Agency. (2017). National incident management system. FEMA.FEMA. (2017). Volunteers
play integral role in disaster relief and recovery efforts. Retrievedfrom:
https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/09/18/volun…Groble, P., & Brudney, J. L.
(2015, April). When good intentions go wrong: Immunity under the Volunteer Protection
Act. In Nonprofit Policy Forum (Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 3-24). De Gruyter.Hoffman, S., Goodman, R.
A., & Stier, D. D. (2009). Law, liability, and public health emergencies. Disaster medicine and
public health preparedness, 3(2), 117-125.U.S. Government Publishing Office. (1997). Public
Law 105-19-June 18, 1997: Volunteer