January 27th is significant as it marks Holocaust Memorial Day, which commemorates the liberation of Auschwitz concentration camp in 1945 and honors the victims of the Holocaust and other genocides. Genocide is defined by the UN as killing or harming people because of their race, religion, or ethnicity with the intent to destroy the group. The Holocaust is the most well-known genocide, in which Nazi Germany systematically murdered around 6 million European Jews as well as Roma, Slavs, homosexuals, disabled people and others. Holocaust Memorial Day promotes tolerance and understanding between different groups.

1. Genocide Memorial Day: 27 th January Discussion Point: Why is 27 th January significant? (answer will follow later) ‘Genocide is the deliberate extermination of a racial, religious or ethnic group’ (Chambers Dictionary) Workpack and resources can be found at http://www.activehistory.co.uk/hmd

2. What is it? Why is it important? Genocide is mass murder deliberately planned and carried out by individuals brought up to see their nationality, their race or their religion as being somehow “superior” to that of other people. Casual prejudice, racism, grievance, intolerance, aggression, injustice and oppression all start small. We need to spot and stop them in our own minds, families and communities before they grow and get out of control. To do that, the way genocide becomes possible has to be understood. This means looking at the long history of genocide, as well as its symptoms in the present. Understanding these will help to avert future horrors.

3. UN Definition Article 2 of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide defines it as: Any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or part, a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, such as: killing members of the group; causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group; deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or part; imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group; [or] forcibly transferring children of the group to another group. Sierra Leone, 1990s: disabled people are more expensive to maintain then dead ones, so more damaging to the “enemy”

4. Example: the Holocaust The Holocaust is the most infamous example of a Genocide: the deliberate attempt by the Nazis to exterminate the Jewish people. The Nazis also attempted to exterminate other groups such as Gypsies; Homosexuals; the Disabled and other religious and ethnic minorities.

5. What is Holocaust Memorial Day? Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) was designated by the United Nations General Assembly in 2005 to commemorate the end of the Holocaust which resulted in the annihilation of 6 million European Jews and millions of others by the Nazi regime. January 27 is the date, in 1945, when the largest Nazi death camp in Auschwitz (Poland) was liberated by Soviet troops. HMD is now used as an opportunity to promote tolerance and understanding between races, nationalities, religions and ethnic groups.

6. How will we study it? Session 1. What events in the world, your country and your family deserve to be “remembered”? Session 2. What would be your design for a “Holocaust Memorial”? Session 3/4. Personal Display Piece: Your own design for a memorial / evaluation of an existing one / research on a particular genocide Session 5. Work is placed on display for the school to view and discuss Workpack and resources can be found at http://www.activehistory.co.uk/hmd