Neuropsychotherapy: Toward Developing an Unified Transtheoretical Model of Ch...Daryush Parvinbenam
By: Daryush Parvinbenam, M.Ed., M.A., LPCC/S
Roots of Resiliency and Emotional Wellness - "Emotional wellness is rooted in different layers of connection and integration. These layers are interactive and multi-directional in adults. These connections occur on Neurobiological system, Intrapersonal/personality system, Interpersonal/relational system, Spiritual/system of meaning."
Experience Affects Brain Development
- Childhood is a time for learning (languages, music, motor skills most easily acquired)
- Number of synapses increases dramatically after birth
- Environment stimulated neuronal activity is critical for the elaboration of synaptic territories and "proper" connections
Alternative Therapies of Trauma By: Daryush Parvinbenam, LPCC-SDaryush Parvinbenam
The Hallmark of complex trauma is disconnection:
- neurobiological/psychological systems
- personality/self system
- relational system
- spiritual system
"Dissociation" is a key symptom of complex trauma or DESNOS
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.A., M.Ed., LPCC-S, LICDC
Core of Trauma: "Despite the human capacity to survive and adapt, traumatic experiences can alter people's psychological, biological, and social equilibrium to such a degree that the memory of one particular event comes to taint all other experiences, spoiling appreciation of the present."
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed, M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
"This human being is a guest house. Every morning a new arrival. Still, treat each guest honourably. He may be clearing you out for some new delight."
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M. Ed, M.A, LPCCS
R.S.V.P Conference September 29, 2010
- This presentation does not suggest mindfulness practices should immediately replace current medication.
- A holistic model of treatment, as opposed to the current medical model, should be considered.
- Medication issues should be negotiated with the prescribing physician prior to discontinuation or change of medication.
- At least initially, in many cases, the combination of medication and alternative therapies seems to be the best possible option toward recovery for many people.
Neurobiology of Touch and Trauma: The Impact of Touch Based Treatments on Hea...Michael Changaris
Touch plays a powerful role in human development and emotional regulation. Despite this fact it is not used effectively in therapy. This talk explores current research into the biological and psychological effects of touch and how to use touch to increase emotional regulation skills.
Link to Book By Author: http://www.amazon.com/Touch-Neurobiology-Health-Healing-Connection/dp/094079506X
Link to Webpage: http://www.touch-neuroscience.com/
Neuropsychotherapy: Toward Developing an Unified Transtheoretical Model of Ch...Daryush Parvinbenam
By: Daryush Parvinbenam, M.Ed., M.A., LPCC/S
Roots of Resiliency and Emotional Wellness - "Emotional wellness is rooted in different layers of connection and integration. These layers are interactive and multi-directional in adults. These connections occur on Neurobiological system, Intrapersonal/personality system, Interpersonal/relational system, Spiritual/system of meaning."
Experience Affects Brain Development
- Childhood is a time for learning (languages, music, motor skills most easily acquired)
- Number of synapses increases dramatically after birth
- Environment stimulated neuronal activity is critical for the elaboration of synaptic territories and "proper" connections
Alternative Therapies of Trauma By: Daryush Parvinbenam, LPCC-SDaryush Parvinbenam
The Hallmark of complex trauma is disconnection:
- neurobiological/psychological systems
- personality/self system
- relational system
- spiritual system
"Dissociation" is a key symptom of complex trauma or DESNOS
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)Daryush Parvinbenam
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness (Short Version)
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed., M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.A., M.Ed., LPCC-S, LICDC
Core of Trauma: "Despite the human capacity to survive and adapt, traumatic experiences can alter people's psychological, biological, and social equilibrium to such a degree that the memory of one particular event comes to taint all other experiences, spoiling appreciation of the present."
Mental Training & Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M.Ed, M.A., LPCCS, LICDC
South Community, Inc.
Feb 20, 2013
"This human being is a guest house. Every morning a new arrival. Still, treat each guest honourably. He may be clearing you out for some new delight."
Meditation as Medication Mastering the Art of Mindfulness
By: Daryush Parvinbenam M. Ed, M.A, LPCCS
R.S.V.P Conference September 29, 2010
- This presentation does not suggest mindfulness practices should immediately replace current medication.
- A holistic model of treatment, as opposed to the current medical model, should be considered.
- Medication issues should be negotiated with the prescribing physician prior to discontinuation or change of medication.
- At least initially, in many cases, the combination of medication and alternative therapies seems to be the best possible option toward recovery for many people.
Neurobiology of Touch and Trauma: The Impact of Touch Based Treatments on Hea...Michael Changaris
Touch plays a powerful role in human development and emotional regulation. Despite this fact it is not used effectively in therapy. This talk explores current research into the biological and psychological effects of touch and how to use touch to increase emotional regulation skills.
Link to Book By Author: http://www.amazon.com/Touch-Neurobiology-Health-Healing-Connection/dp/094079506X
Link to Webpage: http://www.touch-neuroscience.com/
The Neurobiology of Touch and Trauma Somatic Experiencing from Dysregulation ...Michael Changaris
This paper explores the role of touch in treatment. It explores the neurobiological impact of touch with a focus on the main neurological systems activated in touch. The paper attempts to outline tools to reduce symptoms of trauma through touch.
What is the power of prayer and meditation to help each of us navigate our deficiencies and strengthen connectivity between mind and self? This paper begins to explore these intersections in parallel with scientific imaging of the functional brain.
Psychoanalysis was given by Sigmund freud to analyse the subconscious mind and its impact on present behavior. Psychoanalysis is the core concept of psychotherapies that aims to make the unconscious thoughts and emotions concious
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic clientADSProgram
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic client is excerpted from an all day workshop, “Constitutionally Incapable of Being Honest” The Narcissistically defended client in Substance Abuse Treatment.by Mary Crocker Cook, D.Min., LMFT, LAADC, CADCII.
The Neurobiology of Touch and Trauma Somatic Experiencing from Dysregulation ...Michael Changaris
This paper explores the role of touch in treatment. It explores the neurobiological impact of touch with a focus on the main neurological systems activated in touch. The paper attempts to outline tools to reduce symptoms of trauma through touch.
What is the power of prayer and meditation to help each of us navigate our deficiencies and strengthen connectivity between mind and self? This paper begins to explore these intersections in parallel with scientific imaging of the functional brain.
Psychoanalysis was given by Sigmund freud to analyse the subconscious mind and its impact on present behavior. Psychoanalysis is the core concept of psychotherapies that aims to make the unconscious thoughts and emotions concious
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic clientADSProgram
Neurology of shame in the narcissistic client is excerpted from an all day workshop, “Constitutionally Incapable of Being Honest” The Narcissistically defended client in Substance Abuse Treatment.by Mary Crocker Cook, D.Min., LMFT, LAADC, CADCII.
Factors Contributing To Mental Wellness.Counsel India
At its core, mental wellness goes beyond the absence of mental disorders. It encompasses resilience, emotional intelligence, effective coping mechanisms, and an overall sense of life satisfaction. As we embark on this journey of exploration, it is crucial to recognize that mental wellness is not a static destination but a dynamic process, influenced by an array of factors that weave together to create the rich tapestry of our psychological well-being.
#MentalHealthFactors #WellnessInfluences #EmotionalWellbeing #PsychologicalFactors #SocialSupport #EnvironmentalInfluences #GeneticPredisposition #LifestyleChoices #StressorsAndResilience
https://www.counselindia.com/
A fundamental process in the formation of an individual’s mentation is the associations of experience. These associations not only account for constructive behavior, but can also lead to deleterious or negative behavior, suggesting that some associations are negative and therefore the negative behavior can be remolded through contrasting positive associations; however, to understand what this really means and how it works, we must start at the beginning and define what exactly is this negative behavior that we refer to by the term “mental illness.”
As hundreds of so-called “psychotherapies” have been foisted onto the public, all claiming to treat “mental illness,” newer understandings of how the human brain actually works and the processes which drive the formations of mentation that we refer to as “the mind,” demand a reassessment of what exactly we are referring to by the term “mental illness” and what kinds of intervention would be feasible in both the prevention of and recovery from cognitive and behavioral disorder.
Interpersonal biofeedback training with couples YUVAL ODED
Couples therapy many times elicits very extreme emotional reactions. For a therapist observing the interaction, it is
often very clear how partners react to each other’s' emotions and behaviors but for the partners themselves those
patterns may not be conscious. Since many patterns of behaviors are related to deeply automatic reactions
dependent on past histories of the partners, it can take a lot of time and effort to help them change those rigid
behaviors.
Interpersonal biofeedback training with couples formattedYUVAL ODED
Couples therapy many times elicits very extreme emotional reactions. For a therapist observing the interaction, it is
often very clear how partners react to each other’s' emotions and behaviors but for the partners themselves those
patterns may not be conscious. Since many patterns of behaviors are related to deeply automatic reactions
dependent on past histories of the partners, it can take a lot of time and effort to help them change those rigid
behaviors.A psychophysiological intervention is described in detail.
Trauma by definition is unbearable. Intolerable. Overwhelming. Out of control.
In fact for many people, the memory of trauma is so upsetting that they will try to push it out of their minds, move on, act as if nothing happened.
Trauma affects not only those who are directly exposed to it, but also those around them. Wives of men who suffer from PTSD tend to become depressed, the children of depressed mothers struggle with anxiety and insecurity. Having been exposed to violence as a child makes if difficult to establish trusting relationships as an adult.
Not just and event that took place sometime in the past, it is an imprint. …a trauma imprint that leaves traces on our mind, body, and brain.
This imprint of trauma has ongoing consequences for how we manage to survive in the present.
The intricate relationship between the brain and human behavior has been a subject of fascination and study for centuries.
The brain serves as the command center of our bodies and plays a crucial role in shaping our thoughts, emotions, and actions.
Understanding this relationship is essential in comprehending the complexities of human behavior and exploring the profound ways in which our brains influence who we are as individuals.
In this discussion, we will delve into the remarkable interplay between the brain and human behavior, examining the impact of this dynamic connection on our cognitive processes, emotions, decision-making, and overall mental well-being.
Trauma at the End of Life: Somatic Experiencing and Other Touch Based Treatme...Michael Changaris
This paper explores the use of touch in working with elders. It explores neurodegenerative disorders, challenges working with individuals with cognitive changes and how to develop a treatment plan that includes safe therapeutic touch.
The research showing how exposure to extreme stress affects
brain function is making important contributions to understanding the nature of traumatic stress. This includes the notion that traumatized individuals are vulnerable to react to sensory information with sub-cortically initiated responses that are irrelevant, and often harmful, in the present. Reminders of traumatic experiences activate brain regions that support intense emotions, and decrease activation in the central nervous system (CNS) regions involved in (a) the integration of sensory input with motor output, (b) the modulation of physiological arousal, and (c) the capacity to communicate experience in words. Failures of attention and memory in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) interfere with the capacity to engage in the present: traumatized individuals “lose their way in the world.” This article discusses the implications of this research by suggesting that effective treatment needs to involve (1) learning to tolerate feelings and sensations by increasing the capacity for interoception, (2) learning to modulate arousal, and (3) learning that after confrontation with physical helplessness it is essential to engage in taking effective action.
What is NLP? (Neurolinguistic Programming)Jacob Laguerre
This presentation is about Neurolinguistic Programming or NLP for short. NLP was founded by John Grinder and Richard Bandler, back in the 1970s and has since, spread all over the world. Richard has defined NLP as "an attitude, backed by a methodology, that leaves behind a trail of techniques". It is through the use of this novel technology that average people learn how to "run their own brains" and create a subjective reality that enables them to become all that they can be.
Check out my website at https://www.pciinstitute.net for more awesome content
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Relational Complexities Working with Women with History of Childhood Sexual A...Daryush Parvinbenam
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
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RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Holistic Practices That Promote Neural Integration and Connection
1. 1
Holistic Practices That Promote
Neural Integration and Connection:
Using Somatosensory Techniques in
Counseling
Daryush Parvinbenam, M.Ed.,
M.A., LPCC-S
AMHCA conference 2009
2. 2
Roots of Resiliency and Emotional
Wellness
Emotional wellness is rooted in different layers of
connection and integration.
These layers are interactive and multi-directional in
adults.
These connections occur on
Neurobiological system
Intrapersonal/personality system
Interpersonal/relational system
Spiritual/system of meaning
3. 3
This Presentation
In this presentation we will focus on
1. Somatosensory and sensorimotor
techniques that enhance the neurobiological
integration.
2. Impact of neural integration on affect
regulation.
4. 4
Somatosensory and Sensorimotor
Psychotherapy
The Essence of Somatosensory and Sensorimotor
Psychotherapy are regulating affective and sensorimotor
states through the therapeutic relationship by teaching
the client to self-regulate.
Self regulation occurs through mindfully contacting,
tracking and articulating somatosensory and
sensorimotor processes.
It is a psychotherapeutic process that is not independent
of our current understandings of counseling process,
therefore it is not a set of techniques that can be applied
without consideration for importance of therapeutic
relationship, and counseling skills and procedures.
5. 5
Impact of Affect Dysregulation
Affect dysregulation
1. Anxiety disorders
2. Depression
3. Affective Disorders
4. Borderline and other personality disorders
5. Alexthymia
6. Impulsivity
7. Anger
8. PTSD
9. Dissociative disorders
10. Addiction
Difficulties with attention and memory
Inability to take effective actions
Difficulties with interpersonal/relational complexities
Difficulties with boundaries
7. 7
Importance of Neural Integration
Neural integration is the key component of
affect regulation.
Counselors should consider how their
current case conceptualizations,
interventions and techniques enhance
neural integration among different regions
of the brain (cognitive, affective, and
somatosensory).
8. 8
Neural Systems Development
Healthy organization of neural networks
depends upon the pattern, frequency, and
timing of key experiences during
development.
9. 9
Developmental Roots of Neural
Integration, and Resiliency
Secure attachment, and its accompanying development
of neural integration acts as a barrier against stressors
which provides ability to self-soothe and effectively
regulate arousal.
In “good-enough” biological and social conditions, most
people develop neurobiological integrities and secure
attachment.
Secure attachment in childhood is the biggest predictor
of resiliency in adulthood in the face of traumatic events.
10. 10
Impact of Neural Disintegration
Insecure attachment and chronic relational
traumas tend to create neural disintegration
within different regions of the brain that leads to
numerous psychopathologies.
Recent neuro-imaging techniques have given us
considerable evidence regarding neurobiological
consequences of chronic relational traumas and
maltreatments in early childhood.
13. 13
Different regions of the brain
operate more like a symphony
orchestra than soloists. In other
words, different regions of the
brain have profound impact on the
functioning of each other.
15. 15
Sub-Cortical Brain
Sub-cortical part of the brain ( Limbic
Diencephalon, and Brain Stem) was first
developed from an evolutionary
perspective.
Governs arousal, homeostasis of the
organism, reproductive drives, emotion,
memory, some social behavior, and
learning.
18. 18
The Neocortex
Last to develop phylogenetically.
Enables cognitive information processing, such
as self-awareness and conscious thought.
Includes large portions of the Corpus Callosum,
which bridges the right and left hemispheres of
the brain (MacLean, 1985).
Helps consolidate information (Siegel, 1999).
20. 20
Mutuality and Independence of the
Levels
Each of the three levels of the brain thus has its own
“understanding” of the environment and responds
accordingly.
A particular level may become dominant and override
the others, depending on the internal and environmental
conditions.
At the same time, these three levels are mutually dependent and
intertwined (Damasio, 1999; LeDoux, 1996; Schore, 1994),
functioning as a cohesive whole, with the degree of integration of
each level of processing affecting the efficacy of other levels.
21. 21
Brain: Hierarchical Functioning
Lower Level Higher Level
Fixed Action Sequences Greater Plasticity
Reflexive Action Voluntary Control
Instinct Logic/ Planning
Unconscious Conscious
More Rapid Response Slower Response
Each level has its own understanding of the environment and
responds accordingly
Depending on circumstances, one level may dominate others
In daily adult life (except for emergencies), higher levels
generally override lower levels
22. 22
Brain laterality (Right Hemisphere)
In the first 3 years of life (Attachment Formation)
the dominant brain hemisphere is the right
hemisphere.
The right hemisphere is more highly connected
with sensory and certain emotional aspects of
functioning.
Right hemisphere is holistic; involves non-verbal
signals, eye contact, facial expression, tone of
voice, posture, gesture, immediacy of response.
24. 24
Brain Laterality (Left Hemisphere)
The Left hemisphere involves in linear,
linguistic, logical, and literal processing.
The left hemisphere is more closely
identified with organizational functioning,
and use of symbol system.
28. 28
Neuroplasticity of the Brain
Neuro-Plasticity:
Ability of the nervous system to change.
Recent research suggests that new neurons are
generated in different areas of primate and human
brains.
The generation of new neurons occurs especially in
regions involved with ongoing learning, such as the
hippocampus, the amygdala, and the frontal and
temporal lobes.
29. 29
Neuroplasticity of the Brain
Neural networks change in a “use-dependent”
fashion. In order for impoverished neurons,
synapses, and neural pathways to recover, they
must be activated.
Hebb’s principle-Neurons that fire together, wire
together.
Patterned, repetitive activity changes the brain.
32. 32
Expansion of Affect Regulation
Through Interventions That Lead
to Neural Pathway Connections
33. 33
Window of Tolerance/Arousal
Working with clients’ window of tolerance, is the
key issue in improving neural integration.
In order for clients to improve affect regulation,
counselors must create a therapeutic arena that
is safe, but not too safe.
In return, as clients’ neural integration improves,
so does their affect regulation (feedback loop)
34. 34
Window of Arousal and
Regulating Arousal
Freeze:
“The deer in the headlights”
Mute, Physically immobilized
Frozen defensive responses
↑
↓
Sympathetic Hyperarousal
_______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
“Window of Tolerance”
Optimal Arousal Zone
Parasympathetic Hypoarousal
Hypoarousal:
Collapsed, weak, no energy, defeated flat affect,
numb, “empty” or “dead” Cognitively dissociated,
unable to think
Helpless and hopeless
Hyperarousal:
Hypervigilant, action-oriented, impulsive
Emotionally flooded, reactive, defensive
Flashbacks, nightmares, racing thoughts
Suicidal, self-destructive
35. 35
Window of Tolerance/Arousal
The counselor acts as an auxiliary ego for the
clients, to help them to process and integrate
negative emotions and affects without getting
overwhelmed.
Clients are not able to integrate information
when they are not within their optimal arousal
zone.
Hyper or hypoarousal states are counter
integrative, and tend to delay client’s progress.
36. 36
Window of Tolerance
High Arousal- Dissociation
Low Arousal- Dissociation
_________________________________________________________
High Arousal- Re-experiencing,
Hyperarousal
_________________________________________________________
Apn: “the surface of consciousness”
_________________________________________________________
Low Arousal – Emotional Numbing,
Depression
________________________________________________________
Full or partial
Intrusion of EPs
EP Activity
ANP Narrow
Window
of tolerance
EP Activity
Full or partial
Intrusion of
EPs
37. 37
The Role of the Body in
Counseling, and Historical Lack of
Engagement of Body in
Counseling
39. 39
Introduction
The body, for a host of reasons, has been left out of the
“talking cure.”
Somatosensory and Sensorimotor psychotherapy builds
upon traditional psychotherapeutic understanding, but
approaches the body as central in the therapeutic field of
awareness.
Theoretical principles and treatment approaches from
both the mental health and body psychotherapy
traditions are integrated in this approach.
40. 40
Lane and Schwartz Model
Authors present a cognitive-developmental
theory of emotional awareness.
Their primary thesis is that emotional
awareness is a type of cognitive
processing which undergoes five levels of
transformation along a cognitive-
developmental continuum.
41. 41
Lane and Schwartz Model
The five levels of transformation are:
No emotional awareness
Awareness of bodily sensations
The body in action (Awareness of behaviors)
Individual feelings
Differentiated Emotional awareness
Blends of feelings
42. 42
Lane and Schwartz Model
No Emotional Awareness:
At this level, a person has no idea what they are
feeling or experiencing an emotion. For example, a
person may say that they "feel like a loser." However,
this is not really an emotional state, but instead, an
evaluation or judgment.
Awareness of Bodily Sensations:
a person has some awareness of their emotions.
However, they may only be aware of bodily sensations
that they are experiencing, such as increased heart
rate or muscle tension.
43. 43
Lane and Schwartz Model
Awareness of Behaviors/actions:
At this level of emotional awareness, a person is only aware of
how they would like to act as a result of having some kind of
emotion. For example, a person may say that they feel like they
would like to get away (which may be an indication of fear or
anxiety).
Awareness that an Emotional State Is Present:
At this stage, a person is aware that an emotion is present;
however, they may have a hard time figuring out exactly what
emotion is there. For instance, a person may have enough
awareness to know that they feel "bad" or "overwhelmed" but
nothing more specific than that. This is sometimes referred to as
an undifferentiated emotional state.
44. 44
Lane and Schwartz Model
Differentiated Emotional Awareness:
At this level, a person is aware of discrete emotions
that are present. A person is able to identify the
emotion that they are experiencing at any given point
in time, such as sadness, anger, fear, anxiety,
happiness, joy, or excitement.
Blended Emotional Awareness:
This is the top level of emotional awareness. At this
level, a person is aware of multiple emotions that are
present at the same time, including emotions that
may on the surface appear to be in opposition to one
another (for example, someone could feel hate and
anger toward someone at the same time.
46. 46
Background
Traditional therapeutic models are based primarily on the
idea that change occurs through a process of narrative
expression and formulation in a “top-down” manner.
Improving ego functioning, clarifying meaning,
formulating a narrative, and working with emotional
experience are fundamentally helpful interventions that
accomplish real gains for the client.
The addition of “bottom-up” interventions will address
physical sensations, movement inhibitions, and
somatosensory intrusions that disrupts top-down process
(talk therapy).
47. 47
The Interface
Top-down processing alone may manage
sensorimotor reactions but may not enable their full
assimilation.
Top-down management (insight and understanding)
and bottom-up processing (sensations, arousal,
movement, and emotions) must be thoughtfully
balanced.
49. 49
Impacts of Somatosensory and
Sensorimotor Techniques
Somatosensory/sensorymotor techniques :
A. Promotes neural integration through bottom up
pathways.
B. Creates moment-to-moment connection, and client
experiences a sense of empathy by the counselor.
C. Generates movement toward completion of arousal
cycle.
D. Accelerates surfacing of unconscious implicit
memory/dynamic process.
50. 50
Somatosensory and Sensorimotor
Techniques
1. Self-soothing and grounding techniques
2. Somatosensory, Focusing, and Mindfulness techniques
Arousal and activation of natural defenses techniques
3. Sensorymotor techniques (Ogden, 2006)-Pushing
action, Grounding, Breath work, Alignment, Reaching
out, Elaborating somatic resources the client is already
using
52. 52
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Breath-Work)
Counselor’s voice, and guiding the client through
this exercise is extremely important (this is
especially true for clients with trauma history).
Many clients tend to hold their breath, and
maintain a shallow breathing pattern in order to
stay disconnected from their bodily experience.
This “natural” tendency for holding their breath
could be used to create somatic engagement,
and self observation.
53. 53
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Breath-Work)
Technique: Guide the client to take a deep and
slow breath, through their nostril and hold
his/her breath for a few second, and then slowly
exhale.
Initially this intervention should take place only
in the therapist office, and with the instruction of
the therapist. After a few sessions clients will be
able to do it at home on their own.
The client can be instructed to observe the
muscular tension that is experienced in different
parts of their body (back, shoulder, neck, etc)
while they are holding their breath.
54. 54
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Breath-Work)
It is possible to isolate the focus of the breath to certain
parts of the body in order to develop deeper somatic
connection and awareness, but client is still able to
become mindful of their breath and body.
Technique: Client will take a breath, and become observant of
the breath within their nostril or other parts of the body (chest,
abdomen, etc). Initially they may not notice anything, but this is
completely acceptable and understandable. It is important to
remind them to maintain a non-judgmental attitude, and when
their mind wanders off, to bring their attention back to their
nostril without judgment.
This technique can also help clients to access blocked and
repressed emotions.
Mindful observation is the key in this exercise.
55. 55
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Somatosensory
Visualization)
This technique is designed to help clients to use their
past positive and life giving experiences for their current
therapeutic process.
Technique: Ask the client to remember a safe person or
place that felt relaxed/comfortable to be around when
they were growing up. As they recall the memories, ask
them to remember what their bodily experience was in
that situation/environment.
This process will be repeated over time in the sessions,
so the client can easily access/recall bodily experiences
related to their past positive experience.
56. 56
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Tapping)
Many trauma clients struggle with psychological
dissociation symptoms including: Dissociative
Amnesia, Depersonalization, and Dissociative
Identity Disorder.
Tapping has been a very useful tool to help
clients move out of dissociative states prior to
full switch, but first these clients must develop
effective “awareness” skills so that they
recognize precursor bodily experiences prior to
the manifestation of symptoms.
57. 57
Soothing and Grounding
Techniques (Tapping)
Suggested Pressure/Tapping points:
Forehead
Outer corner of eyes
Below the eye orbit
Above the upper lip
Below the lower lip
Area where thumb joins fingers
Side of the hand
Between the ribs
Below collar bone
58. 58
Mindfulness Awareness, and Its
Role in Somatosensory Techniques
Mindfulness awareness is the cornerstone
of somatosensory and sensorimotor
strategies and techniques.
59. 59
Positive Effects of Long-Term
Mindfulness Practices
fMRI study of one monk:
Significant difference in left prefrontal cortex
activation compared to right prefrontal cortex.
Difference as high as 3 standard deviations
above the “norm”. There is a strong relation
between increased activity of left prefrontal
cortex and positive affects such as joy and
compassion.
60. 60
Body Awareness and Completion of
Arousal Cycle Techniques
Counselors need to help clients practice
expanding their orienting process beyond
discussion by adding the sensorimotor
interventions.
Counselors will help clients to slow down and
become mindful of their orienting and
attentional processes in order to increase
awareness of their bodily sensations and affects,
and the way they respond to them.
61. 61
Body Awareness and Completion of
Arousal Cycle Techniques
In many of the mindfulness practices, we
are focusing on an aspect of body
experience. This engages prefrontal
cortical, paralimbic, limbic, and
somatosensory structures which clearly
play an important role in neural
integration.
62. 62
Mindfulness and Arousal
Modulation
Mindfulness body oriented practices tend
to expand window of arousal tolerance.
This is done by:
1- tracking internal sensations, and allowing
oneself to experience one’s internal process,
that is, establishing an intrapersonal
relationship. This relationship may become a
neurobiological substitute for deficits in
earlier attachments.
63. 63
Mindfulness and Arousal
Modulation
2- Gaining awareness of the transitory
nature of all sensory experience.
These key issues have been the main focus of
many ancient spiritual practices such as:
Zen Buddhism
Vipassana (school of Buddhism)
Many schools of yoga
Sufism (dances and chants)
Tai Chi/Chi Kung , etc
64. 64
Body Awareness and Completion of
Arousal Cycle Techniques
Therapist will ask the client to recall an incident that is somewhat
stressful and arousal-evoking (this could be part of client’s trauma
history).
Then invites the client to stay present with the bodily sensation and
experiences that are aroused. The therapist might ask:
What are you experiencing in your body right now?
Where in your body are you having these experiences?
If this experience had a shape what would it be?
If this experience had a color what would it be ?
If this experience had a texture what it would be?
What does your body want to do right now?
What is about this situation that makes you so ______________
65. 65
Arousal and Activation of Primal
Natural Defensive Responses
Fight or flight response are the most primitive
and ingrained defenses against threat and
danger.
For many clients these defenses were forbidden
or were proven ineffectual in the face of
disturbing, threatening or dangerous situations.
Counselors can use these responses to counter
past traumatic situation, and awaken clients’
natural responses, and create affect regulation
and neural integration.
66. 66
Arousal and Activation of Primal
Natural Defensive Responses
Technique: These technique can include
moving your leg as if you are running, or
ask the client to walk/jog in place while
describing their bodily experience.
Clients could also visualize doing these
techniques if they are not willing or it is
not appropriate to do it (screaming) in the
office.
67. 67
Bilateral Stimulation
Enhances lateral neural integration.
EMDR uses Bi-Lateral stimulation in order to
enhance processing of traumatic memories.
It involves patterned, repetitive activation of left
and right hemispheres.
Many of the ancient cultures have integrated this
technique in their spiritual/cultural practices.
79. 79
Studies on Meditation and Yoga
Lazar’s studies examined the thickness of
cortex of meditators vs. non-meditators (fMRI).
Results: subjects who meditated and practiced Yoga had
larger medial prefrontal cortex and insular connections
than non-meditators.
These brain region are associated with attention and
sensory processing, and the modulation of outside stimuli
(affect /arousal tolerance) and the connection of
emotional and cognitive processing.
80. 80
References and Recommended
Readings
Bensimon, M., Amir, D., & Wolf, Y. (2008). Drumming
through trauma: Music therapy with post-traumatic
soldiers. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 35, 34-48.
Corrigall, J., Wilkinson, H. (2003). Revolutionary
connections: Psychotherapy and neuroscience. London:
H. Karmac (Books) Ltd.
Damasio, A. (1999). The feeling of what happens. New
York: Harcourt, Brace.
Edmondson, L. (2005). Marketing trauma and the Theatre
of War in northern Uganda. Theatre Journal, 57, 451-
474.
Folensbee, R. (2007). Neuroscience of psychological
therapies. New York: Cambridge University press.
81. 81
References and Recommended
Readings
Gendlin, E. (1978). Focusing. New York: Bantam Books.
Goleman, D., with Dalai Lama, et al. (2004). Destructive
emotions: How can we overcome them? New York:
Bantam Books / Random House.
Gray, A. (2001). The body remembers: Dance/Movement
therapy with an adult survivor of torture. American
Journal of Dance Therapy, 23(1), 29-43. Herman, J. L.
(1992). Trauma and recovery; The aftermath of violence
– from domestic abuse to political terror. New York:
Basic Books.
LeDoux, J. (1996). The emotional brain. New York: Simon
and Schuster.
Levine, P.A. (1997). Waking the tiger: Healing trauma.
Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books.
82. 82
References and Recommended
Readings
Lisak, D. (June, 2008). The neurobiology of trauma (2005
ppt presentation).
Mills, L. J., & Daniluk, J. C. (2002). Her body speaks: The
experience of dance therapy for women survivors of
child sexual abuse. Journal of Counseling & Human
Development, 80, 77-85.
Ogden, P., Minton, K., & Pain, C. (2006). Trauma and the
body: A sensorimotor approach to psychotherapy. New
York: Norton.
Perry, B.D. (2006). Applying principles of
neurodevelopment to clinical work with maltreated and
traumatized children. In N.B. Webb (ed.), Working with
traumatized youth in child welfare (pp 27-52), New York:
Guilford.
83. 83
References and Recommended
Readings
Ratey, J.J. (2001). A user’s guide to the brain: Perception,
attention, and the four theaters of the brain. New York:
Vintage Books.
Rothschild, B. (2000). The body remembers: The
psychophysiology of trauma and trauma treatment. New
York: Norton.
Siegel, D. J. (2007). The mindful brain: Reflection &
attunement in the cultivation of well-being. New York:
Norton.
84. 84
References and Recommended
Readings
Solomon, E. P. & Heide, K.M. (2005). The biology of
trauma: Implications for treatment. Journal of
Interpersonal Violence, 20 (1), 51-60.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (1994). The body keeps score: Memory
and the evolving psychobiology of posttraumatic stress.
Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 1, 253-265. Van der Kolk,
B. A. (2001). The assessment and treatment of complex
PTSD. In R. Yehuda (ed.), Traumatic Stress (Chap. 7).
Washington, D. C.: Am. Psychiatric Press.
Van der Kolk, B. A., & Fisler, R. (1995). Dissociation and
the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories:
Overview and exploratory study. Download:
http//www.trauma-pages.com/vanderk2.htm
85. 85
References and Recommended
Readings
Van der Kolk, B. A.. McFarlane, A. C., & Weisaeth, L. (Eds.).
(1996). Traumatic Stress: The effects of overwhelming
experience on mind, body and society. New York:
Guilford.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2002). Beyond the talking cure:
Somatic experience and subcortical imprints in the
treatment of trauma. In Shapiro, F., EMDR as an
integrative psychotherapy approach (pp 57-83).
Washington, D.C.: APA Press.
Wilbarger, P. & Wilbarger, J. (1997). Sensory defensiveness
and related social/emotional and neurological problems.
Van Nuys, CA: Wilbarger. (May be obtained from Avanti
Education Program, 14547 Titus St., Suite 109, Van
Nuys, CA, 91402).