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The hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt) is an alternative pathway to glycolysis that is more anabolic in nature. It is concerned with the biosynthesis of NADPH and pentoses like ribose 5-phosphate, which are useful for synthesizing nucleic acids, nucleotides, and other biomolecules. The HMP shunt is important for producing NADPH, which is required for reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and certain amino acids. NADPH also plays a role in antioxidant reactions, detoxification, phagocytosis, and maintaining hemoglobin and glutathione levels. The enzymes of the HMP shunt are located in the cytosol of tissues like the liver,
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Hmp shunt
Glucose-6-phosphate acts as a branch point for several metabolic pathways. It can be used for glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and gluconeogenesis. The hexose monophosphate shunt produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is used for biosynthetic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Ribose-5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis. The pathway involves glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase which generate NADPH in irreversible steps. Later reversible steps interconvert pentose phosphates to regenerate pathway intermediates.
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis. It generates NADPH and pentoses through oxidative and non-oxidative phases. NADPH is important for biosynthesis of fatty acids and antioxidation, while pentoses such as ribose-5-phosphate are precursors for nucleic acid synthesis. Certain tissues like liver and red blood cells heavily utilize the PPP. A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the oxidative phase, can cause hemolytic anemia upon exposure to oxidative drugs or foods.
HMP PATHWAY
About the HMP pathway to make it easier to understand the metabolism pathways .Useful for all the science student who are struggling to remember the pathways and also the structures .
I tried to put up everything in an easy way so that everyone can understand easily .
I hope it may help everyone out there !
Pentose phosphate pathway,hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) or phosphogluconate pathway, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis. It is more complex than glycolysis and takes place in the cytosol. The PPP is important for generating NADPH for biosynthesis of fatty acids, steriods, and maintaining glutathione levels, as well as producing pentoses used in nucleic acid synthesis. The pathway contains oxidative and non-oxidative phases, with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase being the regulatory enzymes controlled by NADPH and pentose levels.
Hmp shunt
Glucose-6-phosphate acts as a branch point for several metabolic pathways. It can be used for glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and gluconeogenesis. The hexose monophosphate shunt generates NADPH for biosynthetic reactions through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. NADPH is required for processes like fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and maintaining reduced glutathione levels in red blood cells. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which reduces NADPH production, provides some protection against malaria by shortening red blood cell lifespan.
Pentose-phosphate-pathway (3).pptx
The pentose phosphate pathway has two phases: the oxidative phase generates NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate required for biosynthesis, and the non-oxidative phase forms and interconverts 5 and 6 carbon sugars. The oxidative phase uses glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to oxidatively decarboxylate sugars. The non-oxidative phase uses transketolase and transaldolase to transfer carbon units between sugars to form ribose-5-phosphate and other intermediates used for nucleotide and amino acid synthesis. The pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining redox balance and producing precursors for DNA, RNA, and ATP synthesis, and deficiencies can lead to diseases.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses through the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is important for producing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and protecting against oxidative stress. The pathway consists of an oxidative phase that produces NADPH and a non-oxidative phase involving sugar interconversions.
HMP Shunt.pptx
This document summarizes the hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway. It begins with an introduction to the pathway, noting that it is an alternative pathway to glycolysis and the TCA cycle that is more anabolic in nature, producing NADPH and pentoses. The document then discusses the location of the HMP pathway enzymes in the cytosol and tissues where it is most active, followed by an overview of the oxidative and non-oxidative reactions in the pathway. Finally, it summarizes the significance of the HMP pathway in producing pentoses for nucleic acid and nucleotide synthesis, and NADPH for biosynthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and amino acids
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Hmp shunt
Glucose-6-phosphate acts as a branch point for several metabolic pathways. It can be used for glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and gluconeogenesis. The hexose monophosphate shunt produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is used for biosynthetic reactions like fatty acid synthesis. Ribose-5-phosphate is used for nucleotide synthesis. The pathway involves glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase which generate NADPH in irreversible steps. Later reversible steps interconvert pentose phosphates to regenerate pathway intermediates.
Pentose phosphate pathway (PPP)
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis. It generates NADPH and pentoses through oxidative and non-oxidative phases. NADPH is important for biosynthesis of fatty acids and antioxidation, while pentoses such as ribose-5-phosphate are precursors for nucleic acid synthesis. Certain tissues like liver and red blood cells heavily utilize the PPP. A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the first enzyme in the oxidative phase, can cause hemolytic anemia upon exposure to oxidative drugs or foods.
HMP PATHWAY
About the HMP pathway to make it easier to understand the metabolism pathways .Useful for all the science student who are struggling to remember the pathways and also the structures .
I tried to put up everything in an easy way so that everyone can understand easily .
I hope it may help everyone out there !
Pentose phosphate pathway,hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) or phosphogluconate pathway, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis. It is more complex than glycolysis and takes place in the cytosol. The PPP is important for generating NADPH for biosynthesis of fatty acids, steriods, and maintaining glutathione levels, as well as producing pentoses used in nucleic acid synthesis. The pathway contains oxidative and non-oxidative phases, with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase being the regulatory enzymes controlled by NADPH and pentose levels.
Hmp shunt
Glucose-6-phosphate acts as a branch point for several metabolic pathways. It can be used for glycolysis, glycogen synthesis, the hexose monophosphate shunt, and gluconeogenesis. The hexose monophosphate shunt generates NADPH for biosynthetic reactions through glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. NADPH is required for processes like fatty acid synthesis, cholesterol synthesis, and maintaining reduced glutathione levels in red blood cells. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which reduces NADPH production, provides some protection against malaria by shortening red blood cell lifespan.
Pentose-phosphate-pathway (3).pptx
The pentose phosphate pathway has two phases: the oxidative phase generates NADPH and ribose 5-phosphate required for biosynthesis, and the non-oxidative phase forms and interconverts 5 and 6 carbon sugars. The oxidative phase uses glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase to oxidatively decarboxylate sugars. The non-oxidative phase uses transketolase and transaldolase to transfer carbon units between sugars to form ribose-5-phosphate and other intermediates used for nucleotide and amino acid synthesis. The pathway plays a crucial role in maintaining redox balance and producing precursors for DNA, RNA, and ATP synthesis, and deficiencies can lead to diseases.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses through the oxidation of glucose-6-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is important for producing ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH for reductive biosynthesis and protecting against oxidative stress. The pathway consists of an oxidative phase that produces NADPH and a non-oxidative phase involving sugar interconversions.
HMP Shunt.pptx
This document summarizes the hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway. It begins with an introduction to the pathway, noting that it is an alternative pathway to glycolysis and the TCA cycle that is more anabolic in nature, producing NADPH and pentoses. The document then discusses the location of the HMP pathway enzymes in the cytosol and tissues where it is most active, followed by an overview of the oxidative and non-oxidative reactions in the pathway. Finally, it summarizes the significance of the HMP pathway in producing pentoses for nucleic acid and nucleotide synthesis, and NADPH for biosynthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and amino acids
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP; also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt) is a process that breaks down glucose-6-phosphate into NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) for use in downstream biological processes. There are two distinct phases in the pathway: the oxidative phase and the non-oxidative phase.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt)
The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol in two phases: an oxidative phase that produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate, and a non-oxidative reversible phase. NADPH is used to produce fatty acids, amino acids, and reduced glutathione which protects cells from reactive oxygen species. A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which produces the first NADPH, can cause hemolytic anemia due to increased oxidative damage from a lack of protection against reactive oxygen species. The pathway is regulated by NADPH levels, with more NADPH production when NADPH is used in other pathways
Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is important for protecting cells against reactive oxygen species through its role in reducing glutathione. The pathway occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that produces ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH, and a non-oxidative phase that recycles pentose phosphates. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can cause hemolytic anemia by impairing the production of NADPH and the ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species. The entry of glucose-6-phosphate into the pathway is regulated by NADPH levels.
HMP shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and pentose sugars. It has both an oxidative and non-oxidative phase. In the oxidative phase, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH. In the non-oxidative phase, 5-carbon sugars are converted into 3 and 6 carbon sugars through a series of isomerization, epimerization, and transketolase reactions. The pathway is important as it provides NADPH for biosynthetic reactions and pentose sugars for nucleotide synthesis. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can lead to insufficient NADPH and glutathione, resulting in hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage of red blood cells.
pentose shunt phosphate lecture.ppt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) occurs in the cytosol and utilizes glucose-6-phosphate to generate reducing power in the form of NADPH and pentoses like ribose-5-phosphate. It has both an oxidative and non-oxidative phase, with the oxidative phase generating NADPH and the non-oxidative phase interconverting pentoses and trioses. The NADPH produced is used for biosynthesis of fatty acids, nucleotides, and reduced glutathione, which maintains the cell's redox balance. Glutathione reductase uses NADPH to reduce oxidized glutathione back to its reduced form, thus linking the PPP to adequate glutathione levels in the cell.
Hexose monophosphate shunt
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt is an alternative pathway to glycolysis for oxidizing glucose. Unlike glycolysis, it has selective tissue distribution and produces reducing equivalents like NADPH and pentose phosphates that are used for anabolic reactions rather than ATP. NADPH produced is used for biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and other compounds. Ribose-5-phosphate produced is used for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis. The HMP shunt provides reducing power and pentose phosphates essential for biosynthesis in various tissues.
Hmp shunt pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the cytosol of cells and produces two molecules of NADPH for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule oxidized, without directly consuming or producing ATP. NADPH is important for processes like fatty acid synthesis in the liver and lactating mammary glands, and for maintaining glutathione levels in red blood cells. The pathway consists of oxidative and nonoxidative reactions, with the oxidative reactions producing pentose sugars and NADPH regulated by the enzyme G6PD.
Pentose phostphate pathway.ppt
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway and uronic acid pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol of liver, adipose tissue and erythrocytes. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the first step of the pathway, can cause hemolytic anemia. The uronic acid pathway converts glucose to glucuronic acid and is important for conjugating substances like bilirubin for excretion. Disruptions can cause essential pentosuria or oxalosis.
The pentose phosphate pathway
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative glucose metabolism pathway that generates reducing power in the form of NADPH and pentoses for nucleotide synthesis. The PPP occurs in the cytoplasm of most tissues and has two phases: an oxidative phase that irreversibly generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that reversibly produces pentoses. A key importance is providing NADPH for fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant defenses. Deficiencies in the PPP can cause hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway and its application
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway, including:
1) It is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate.
2) It has two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that synthesizes 5-carbon sugars.
3) It plays essential roles in providing NADPH for biosynthetic processes, generating ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis, and maintaining redox balance. Overall, it is a critical metabolic pathway that contributes to various cellular functions.
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
The pentose phosphate pathway generates reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH and produces ribose-5-phosphate. It functions primarily in anabolic biosynthesis reactions that require NADPH, such as fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis. Cells with high levels of these biosynthetic pathways, such as liver, adipose, and lactating mammary gland cells, have high levels of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. The pathway oxidizes glucose through a series of reactions that ultimately produce ribulose-5-phosphate, which can be converted back into glucose-6-phosphate or other three and six carbon intermediates.
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It covers the UG CBCS syllabus of Sem VI Botany Honors students. However, it is suitable for both UG and PG students.
Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm. It has two major functions: generating reducing potential in the form of NADPH for biosynthesis, and synthesizing ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis. The pathway occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that interconverts five carbon sugars. It is important for tissues that require NADPH for reductive biosynthesis like fatty acids, steroids, and glutathione maintenance.
Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolic pathway to glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm. It has two major functions: 1) to generate reducing potential in the form of NADPH for biosynthesis, and 2) to produce ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis. The PPP occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that interconverts five carbon sugars. It is important in tissues that require NADPH for reductive biosynthesis like fatty acids, steroids, and glutathione maintenance.
hmp-shunt
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway or PP pathway, functions to produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative phases. The oxidative phase produces NADPH through irreversible reactions, while the non-oxidative phase produces ribose-5-phosphate through reversible reactions. NADPH is important for reducing glutathione and eliminating hydrogen peroxide, while ribose-5-phosphate contributes to nucleic acid synthesis. Deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the oxidative phase of the HMP pathway, can cause hemolytic anemia by inhibiting the production
BIOSYNTHESIS OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES AND THEIR ROLE IN METABOLISM
Nucleotide coenzymes are compounds that contain a simple nucleotide moiety and function in association with specific apoenzymes or proteins. Historically, the first nucleotide coenzyme discovered was diphosphopyridine nucleotide or cozymase. Nucleotide coenzymes like NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, CoA, and PAPS play important roles in metabolism as electron carriers and substrates for enzymatic reactions involved in oxidation-reduction, biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Their biosynthesis involves the attachment of nucleotides like AMP to organic molecules through phosphorylation or other reactions.
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Pentose phosphate pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Pathway)
Pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway to glycolysis and TCA cycle for oxidation of glucose. It is a shunt of glycolysis. It is also known as hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt or phosphogluconate pathway. It occurs in cytoplasm of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While it involves oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic. It is an important pathway that generates precursors for nucleotide synthesis and is especially important in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Pathway - HMP Pathway
The HMP pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate oxidative pathway, is an alternate pathway to glycolysis where glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH and pentoses like ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol of liver, adipose tissue, adrenal cortex, and red blood cells. The pathway has two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that produces pentoses. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the first reaction of the oxidative phase, is regulated by NADPH levels. The uronic acid pathway is another oxidative pathway for glucose that produces glucuronic
6 hmp+glucuronic
The pentose phosphate shunt, also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt), is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses through oxidative and non-oxidative phases. It occurs mainly in the liver, adipose tissue, mammary glands, adrenal cortex, and red blood cells. The HMP shunt is a source of ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH, which is used for fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant defenses through glutathione reduction. It helps maintain red blood cell integrity by protecting hemoglobin and preventing hemolysis.
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PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP; also called the phosphogluconate pathway and the hexose monophosphate shunt) is a process that breaks down glucose-6-phosphate into NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) for use in downstream biological processes. There are two distinct phases in the pathway: the oxidative phase and the non-oxidative phase.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Shunt)
The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol in two phases: an oxidative phase that produces NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate from glucose-6-phosphate, and a non-oxidative reversible phase. NADPH is used to produce fatty acids, amino acids, and reduced glutathione which protects cells from reactive oxygen species. A deficiency in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which produces the first NADPH, can cause hemolytic anemia due to increased oxidative damage from a lack of protection against reactive oxygen species. The pathway is regulated by NADPH levels, with more NADPH production when NADPH is used in other pathways
Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. NADPH is important for protecting cells against reactive oxygen species through its role in reducing glutathione. The pathway occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that produces ribose-5-phosphate and NADPH, and a non-oxidative phase that recycles pentose phosphates. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can cause hemolytic anemia by impairing the production of NADPH and the ability to detoxify reactive oxygen species. The entry of glucose-6-phosphate into the pathway is regulated by NADPH levels.
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The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and pentose sugars. It has both an oxidative and non-oxidative phase. In the oxidative phase, glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH. In the non-oxidative phase, 5-carbon sugars are converted into 3 and 6 carbon sugars through a series of isomerization, epimerization, and transketolase reactions. The pathway is important as it provides NADPH for biosynthetic reactions and pentose sugars for nucleotide synthesis. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase can lead to insufficient NADPH and glutathione, resulting in hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage of red blood cells.
pentose shunt phosphate lecture.ppt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) occurs in the cytosol and utilizes glucose-6-phosphate to generate reducing power in the form of NADPH and pentoses like ribose-5-phosphate. It has both an oxidative and non-oxidative phase, with the oxidative phase generating NADPH and the non-oxidative phase interconverting pentoses and trioses. The NADPH produced is used for biosynthesis of fatty acids, nucleotides, and reduced glutathione, which maintains the cell's redox balance. Glutathione reductase uses NADPH to reduce oxidized glutathione back to its reduced form, thus linking the PPP to adequate glutathione levels in the cell.
Hexose monophosphate shunt
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt is an alternative pathway to glycolysis for oxidizing glucose. Unlike glycolysis, it has selective tissue distribution and produces reducing equivalents like NADPH and pentose phosphates that are used for anabolic reactions rather than ATP. NADPH produced is used for biosynthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and other compounds. Ribose-5-phosphate produced is used for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis. The HMP shunt provides reducing power and pentose phosphates essential for biosynthesis in various tissues.
Hmp shunt pathway
The pentose phosphate pathway occurs in the cytosol of cells and produces two molecules of NADPH for each glucose 6-phosphate molecule oxidized, without directly consuming or producing ATP. NADPH is important for processes like fatty acid synthesis in the liver and lactating mammary glands, and for maintaining glutathione levels in red blood cells. The pathway consists of oxidative and nonoxidative reactions, with the oxidative reactions producing pentose sugars and NADPH regulated by the enzyme G6PD.
Pentose phostphate pathway.ppt
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway and uronic acid pathway. The pentose phosphate pathway generates NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol of liver, adipose tissue and erythrocytes. A defect in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the first step of the pathway, can cause hemolytic anemia. The uronic acid pathway converts glucose to glucuronic acid and is important for conjugating substances like bilirubin for excretion. Disruptions can cause essential pentosuria or oxalosis.
The pentose phosphate pathway
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), an alternative glucose metabolism pathway that generates reducing power in the form of NADPH and pentoses for nucleotide synthesis. The PPP occurs in the cytoplasm of most tissues and has two phases: an oxidative phase that irreversibly generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that reversibly produces pentoses. A key importance is providing NADPH for fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant defenses. Deficiencies in the PPP can cause hemolytic anemia due to oxidative damage from hydrogen peroxide accumulation.
Pentose Phosphate Pathway and its application
The document summarizes the pentose phosphate pathway, including:
1) It is a metabolic pathway parallel to glycolysis that generates NADPH and pentoses (5-carbon sugars) as well as ribose 5-phosphate.
2) It has two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that synthesizes 5-carbon sugars.
3) It plays essential roles in providing NADPH for biosynthetic processes, generating ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide synthesis, and maintaining redox balance. Overall, it is a critical metabolic pathway that contributes to various cellular functions.
PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY
The pentose phosphate pathway generates reducing equivalents in the form of NADPH and produces ribose-5-phosphate. It functions primarily in anabolic biosynthesis reactions that require NADPH, such as fatty acid and nucleic acid synthesis. Cells with high levels of these biosynthetic pathways, such as liver, adipose, and lactating mammary gland cells, have high levels of pentose phosphate pathway enzymes. The pathway oxidizes glucose through a series of reactions that ultimately produce ribulose-5-phosphate, which can be converted back into glucose-6-phosphate or other three and six carbon intermediates.
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Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolism pathway to glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm. It has two major functions: generating reducing potential in the form of NADPH for biosynthesis, and synthesizing ribose 5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis. The pathway occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that interconverts five carbon sugars. It is important for tissues that require NADPH for reductive biosynthesis like fatty acids, steroids, and glutathione maintenance.
Hmp shunt
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), also known as the phosphogluconate pathway or hexose monophosphate shunt, is an alternative glucose metabolic pathway to glycolysis that occurs in the cytoplasm. It has two major functions: 1) to generate reducing potential in the form of NADPH for biosynthesis, and 2) to produce ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis. The PPP occurs in two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that interconverts five carbon sugars. It is important in tissues that require NADPH for reductive biosynthesis like fatty acids, steroids, and glutathione maintenance.
hmp-shunt
The hexose monophosphate (HMP) pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway or PP pathway, functions to produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytoplasm and is divided into oxidative and non-oxidative phases. The oxidative phase produces NADPH through irreversible reactions, while the non-oxidative phase produces ribose-5-phosphate through reversible reactions. NADPH is important for reducing glutathione and eliminating hydrogen peroxide, while ribose-5-phosphate contributes to nucleic acid synthesis. Deficiencies in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme in the oxidative phase of the HMP pathway, can cause hemolytic anemia by inhibiting the production
BIOSYNTHESIS OF NUCLEOTIDE COENZYMES AND THEIR ROLE IN METABOLISM
Nucleotide coenzymes are compounds that contain a simple nucleotide moiety and function in association with specific apoenzymes or proteins. Historically, the first nucleotide coenzyme discovered was diphosphopyridine nucleotide or cozymase. Nucleotide coenzymes like NAD+, NADP+, FAD, FMN, CoA, and PAPS play important roles in metabolism as electron carriers and substrates for enzymatic reactions involved in oxidation-reduction, biosynthesis, and other metabolic pathways. Their biosynthesis involves the attachment of nucleotides like AMP to organic molecules through phosphorylation or other reactions.
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Dr. Dhiraj J. Trivedi Biochemistry lectures for medical students
Professor, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, Karnataka, India.
Pentose phosphate pathway (Hexose Monophosphate Pathway)
Pentose phosphate pathway is an alternative pathway to glycolysis and TCA cycle for oxidation of glucose. It is a shunt of glycolysis. It is also known as hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt or phosphogluconate pathway. It occurs in cytoplasm of both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. While it involves oxidation of glucose, its primary role is anabolic rather than catabolic. It is an important pathway that generates precursors for nucleotide synthesis and is especially important in red blood cells (erythrocytes).
Hexose Monophosphate Shunt Pathway - HMP Pathway
The HMP pathway, also known as the pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate oxidative pathway, is an alternate pathway to glycolysis where glucose-6-phosphate is oxidized to produce NADPH and pentoses like ribose-5-phosphate. It occurs in the cytosol of liver, adipose tissue, adrenal cortex, and red blood cells. The pathway has two phases - an oxidative phase that generates NADPH and a non-oxidative phase that produces pentoses. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the first reaction of the oxidative phase, is regulated by NADPH levels. The uronic acid pathway is another oxidative pathway for glucose that produces glucuronic
6 hmp+glucuronic
The pentose phosphate shunt, also known as the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt), is a metabolic pathway that generates NADPH and pentoses through oxidative and non-oxidative phases. It occurs mainly in the liver, adipose tissue, mammary glands, adrenal cortex, and red blood cells. The HMP shunt is a source of ribose-5-phosphate for nucleotide biosynthesis and NADPH, which is used for fatty acid synthesis and antioxidant defenses through glutathione reduction. It helps maintain red blood cell integrity by protecting hemoglobin and preventing hemolysis.
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Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Natural birth techniques - Mrs.Akanksha Trivedi Rama University
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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- 2. Introduction Hexose monophosphate pathway or HMP shunt is also called pentose phosphate pathway or phosphogluconate pathway. This is an alternative pathway to glycolysis However, HMP shunt is more anabolic in nature, since it is concerned with the biosynthesis of NADPH and pentoses lt is a unique multifunctional pathway, since there are several interconvertible substances produced
- 3. lmportance of pentoses In the HMP shunt, hexoses are converted into pentoses, The most important being ribose 5- phosphate. This pentose or its derivatives are useful for the synflresis of nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) and many nucleotides such as ATP, NAD+, FAD and CoA.
- 4. Importance of NADPH NADPH is required for the reductive biosynthesis of fatty acids and steroids NADPH is used in the synthesis of certain amino acids involving the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Continuous production of H2O2 prevented by antioxidant reactions involving NADPH.
- 5. detoxification of drugs and foreign compounds by hydroxylation reactions involving NADPH. Phagocytosis is the engulfment of foreign particle carried by white blood cells requires the supply of NADPH. NADPH is produced in erythrocytes to maintains the concentration of reduced glutathione which is essentially required to preserve the integrity of RBC membrane. to keep the ferrous iron (Fe2+) of hemoglobin in the reduced state so that accumulation of methemoglobin (Fe3+) is prevented.
- 6. Location of the pathway The enzymes of HMP shunt are located in the cytosol. The tissues such as liver, adipose tissue, adrenal gland, erythrocytes, testes and lactating mammary gland, are highly active in HMP shunt.