CAUSES:
MATERIAL FAILURES
DESIGN FLAWS
MATERIAL FAILURES:
When the Titanic collided with the iceberg, the hull steel and the wrought iron rivets failed because of brittle fracture.
. The causes of brittle fracture include low temperature, high impact loading, and high sulphur content.
. On the night of the Titanic disaster, each of these three factors was present:
The water temperature was below freezing, the Titanic was travelling at a high speed on impact with the iceberg, and the hull steel contained high levels of sulphur.
Material Failure
High sulphur content increases the brittleness of steel by disrupting the grain structure .
The sulphur combines with magnesium in the steel to form stringers of magnesium sulphide, which act as "highways" for crack propagation.
Charpy test is used to measure the brittlness of a material.
A cigarette-sized coupon of steel taken from the Titanic wreck and a piece of modern high quality steel.
Design Flaws:
Although the compartments were called watertight, they were actually only watertight horizontally; their tops were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline
. Some of the scientists studying the disaster have even concluded that the watertight compartments contributed to the disaster by keeping the flood waters in the bow of the ship.
Design failure:
If there had been no compartments at all, the incoming water would have spread out, and the Titanic would have remained horizontal.
CAUSES:
MATERIAL FAILURES
DESIGN FLAWS
MATERIAL FAILURES:
When the Titanic collided with the iceberg, the hull steel and the wrought iron rivets failed because of brittle fracture.
. The causes of brittle fracture include low temperature, high impact loading, and high sulphur content.
. On the night of the Titanic disaster, each of these three factors was present:
The water temperature was below freezing, the Titanic was travelling at a high speed on impact with the iceberg, and the hull steel contained high levels of sulphur.
Material Failure
High sulphur content increases the brittleness of steel by disrupting the grain structure .
The sulphur combines with magnesium in the steel to form stringers of magnesium sulphide, which act as "highways" for crack propagation.
Charpy test is used to measure the brittlness of a material.
A cigarette-sized coupon of steel taken from the Titanic wreck and a piece of modern high quality steel.
Design Flaws:
Although the compartments were called watertight, they were actually only watertight horizontally; their tops were open and the walls extended only a few feet above the waterline
. Some of the scientists studying the disaster have even concluded that the watertight compartments contributed to the disaster by keeping the flood waters in the bow of the ship.
Design failure:
If there had been no compartments at all, the incoming water would have spread out, and the Titanic would have remained horizontal.
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH PREPARATION SCRIPT INBetseyCalderon89
EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH PREPARATION SCRIPT
INTRODUCTION
Attention Getter: An American writer named Morgan Robertson once wrote a book called
The Wreck of the Titan. The book was about an “unsinkable” ship called the Titan that set sail
from England to New York with many rich and famous passengers on board. On its journey,
the Titan hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic and sunk. Many lives were lost because there
were not enough lifeboats. So, what is so strange about this? Well, The Wreck of the Titan
was written 14 years before the Titanic sank.
Relevance: The sinking of the Titanic was one of the largest non-war related disasters in
history, and it is important to be knowledgeable about the past. By informing you of this
disaster, I hope to address the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal of Quality
Education.
Credibility Statement: I have been fascinated by the history of the Titanic for as long as I can
remember. For this speech, I have read and studied my collection of books about the Titanic
and have accessed many credible articles through the MDC databases.
Overview of Main Points: Today we will learn more about this famous ship.
• First, discuss the construction of the Titanic itself.
• Second, discuss the sinking of the Titanic.
• Finally, discuss the making of the movie “Titanic”.
Transition: From the disaster to the movie, the sinking of the Titanic remains one of the most
famous tragedies in history.
BODY
Main Point 1: The Titanic was thought to be the largest, safest, most luxurious ship ever built.
• First, at the time of her launch, she was the biggest existing ship and the largest
moveable object ever built. According to Geoff Tibbals, in his 1997 book The Titanic:
The extraordinary story of the “unsinkable” ship, the Titanic was 882 feet long and
weighed about 46,000 tons. This was 100 feet longer and 15,000 tons heavier than the
world’s current largest ships. Thresh stated in Titanic: The truth behind the disaster,
published in 1992 that the Titanic accommodated around 2,345 passengers and 860
crewmembers
• Second, the beautiful accommodations of the Titanic were corated and furnished with
only the finest items. According to a quotation from Shipbuilders magazine that is
included in Peter Thresh’s 1992 book Titanic, “Everything has been done in regard to
the furniture and fittings to make the first class accommodation more than equal to that
provided in the finest hotels on shore” (p. 18). Fine parlor suites located on the ship
consisted of a sitting room, two bedrooms, two wardrobe rooms, a private bath, and a
lavatory. The first class dining room was the largest on any liner; it could serve 500
passengers at one sitting. Her first class accommodations included a squash court,
swimming pool, library, barber’s shop, Turkish baths, and a photographer’s dark room.
• Th ...
Read this article and notice all the text features. Then look for 3 cause and effect statements. Put your cause and effect statements into the accompanying chart.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
3. Contents
1. Introduction
2. The ship of Dreams
3. The biggest ship in the world
4. The “Unsinkable Ship” sinks in the water
5. The World Cries
6. The Titanic on film
7. Conclusion
4. 1. Introduction
The ship sank in the North Atlantic ocean over
one hundred years ago. But almost everybody
in the world today knows the name of the
Titanic.
• So really what happened that terrible night?
• Why did the ship hit an iceberg?
• Why didn’t another ship save the passengers?
• How many people survived and how many died?
• Why this disaster is still famous?
5. It’s not the story about Jack and Rose, but it’s a
report about facts of the disaster of April 14,
1912.
The author of this book isn’t the author who was
writing the movie Titanic – James Cameron. His
name is Paul Shipton
6. 2.The ship of Dreams
In the 1900’s, more and more people wanted to
travel across the Atlantic Ocean.The White Star
Line decided to build the biggest and the best of
all. The company planned to make tree ships.
Their name is : Olympic, Titanic, Gigantic. So
then Titanic finished to built in 1912.
7. 3. The biggest ship in the
world
in 1912, the Titanic is the biggest ship that was
ever built. It is 269 meters long and everyone
thinks that the ship is also very safe. The ship can
carry more than 3.000 passengers, and has many
decks, a swimming pool, a library, Turkish baths,
and excellent restaurants and bars.
8. Life on the Titanic was as comfortable as
life in the most expensive hotels in
Europe and America. There were many
kinds of people : rich and poor, young
and old. Some of the richest people in
the world were on the ship.
9. The Titanic leaves Southampton, on the south coast of
England, on April 10, 1912.
There are 2.207 people on the ship for its first trip.
First class: 322 passengers
Second class: 275 passengers
Third class: 712 passengers
Crew: 898 passengers
The different classes don’t mix on the ship. They slept, lived,
and ate on different decks, the first-class passengers are on
the higher decks, the second-class passengers in the middle
and then come the third-class passengers at the bottom of the
ship.
10. 4. The “Unsinkable Ship” sinks in
the water
Everyone thought that the ship was also very safe.
There were sixteen compartments. In an accidents,
big metal doors could close and then no water could
get from one compartment another. The Titanic
became the famous “Unsinkable ship”. Nobody
seemed to worry about another important fact. The
ship could carry more than 3000 passengers, but it
only had lifeboats for 1178 people.
11. • On Sunday, April 14
comes the third ice-
warning on this day!
Captain Smith doesn’t
show it to his officers.
On 11:40 P.M. an
iceberg hits the side of
the Titanic and fifteen
minutes later, water
comes into the ship. No
hope, the ship is
sinking now.
April 14 early in the
afternoon Radio operaters
received so many ice
warming from a ship called
Baltic. Unfortunately they
didn’t attend to warming
message.
12. Parents say goodbye to their children,
husbands kisses their wives for the last time.
• There is only one thing that Captain Smith
can do. Just after midnight, he orders the
crew to prepare the lifeboats.
Because there are more than 2.200 people
on the ship, but the ship have only 20
lifeboats for 1.178 persons. So women and
children are the first who are going.
13. • In the great ship’s final minutes the lights go out.
The ship is breaking in two pieces. People are
still falling. At 2:20 A.M. the morning of April 15,
the “Queen of the Ocean” was sunk. The cold is
terrible, but much worse it is for the people in the
black water. Many are screaming for help, but
the screams are becoming quieter, as the
people in the water become weaker and
weaker.
14. • First class: 60% survived 130 died
• Second class: 42% survived 166 died
• Third class: 25% survived 536 died
• The crew : 24% survived 685 died
Even after the accident, things were very different
for first class and third class passengers. The
survivors from first class were taken to the best
hotels in New York. But the passengers from third
class were in a new country without any money or
clothes,or any of their things.
15. • First class passenger Benjamin
Guggenhiem came on deck in his dinner
suit. “ We’ve dressed up in our best and
are prepared to go down like gentleman”
he said. This part was exciting to me when
read it.
16. 5. The World Cries
• Ten thousand people were waiting when
arrived in New-York on the evening of
Thursday, April 18.Through newspapers
and radio, the eyes of the world were on
the ship and its survivors.
17. 6. The Titanic on film
• When James Cameron was writing the
movie Titanic, he wanted to show the rich
history of the ship and it’s many true
stories. The love story between Rose and
Jack was the most important part of the
movie. If people worry about the two
young lovers, they will understand the
disaster more.
18.
19. While Cameron was making the movie, not
everybody was so sure about its success. It took a
long time to make the movie. As it continued, the
cost went up and up.It finally cost between
185’000’000$-200’000’000$. But the world’s most
expensive movie became the biggest success. It
earned over 1’600’000’000$.
20. 7. Conclusion
• I like this book very much, because it is very
interesting to read about this history ship. When I
saw the film, there was a sad love-story about a
poor young man and a rich young lady. But the
reality wasn’t romantic. I think the author wants to
show the different of rich and poor people. The
most of rich people survived, but the most of the
poor people and the crew died. I recommend you
read about more exciting story from this book. I
learn new words and its easy to read and I advise
my friends to read this amazing story.
•
