Mycenae reached its peak around 1350 BC, with a citadel and lower town housing 30,000 inhabitants spanning 32 hectares. The Mycenaeans became successful merchants through contacts with Crete and Eastern countries, acquiring supplies, materials, and technological knowledge. Wealth was strictly accumulated by kings ruling from palaces that were centers of entrepreneurship, crafts, agriculture, trade, and redistribution of goods. Skilled artisans working in the palaces created fine artworks like pottery, ivory carvings, metalwork, textiles, stone sculptures, and seals using imported materials. Writing also developed during this period to help administrate commerce. The fortified citadel of Mycenae had a
This document summarizes the history of entrepreneurship in Greece from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how entrepreneurship has existed since Greek mythology through figures like Prometheus and Hermes. Various Greek civilizations from 3000-1100 BC like the Minoans and Mycenaeans engaged in sea trading. During ancient Greece's Classical era from 480-323 BC, Athens reached its peak and entrepreneurial activities included trade, crafts, and tax collection. The Macedonian and Byzantine empires further developed agriculture, commerce, and trade guilds. Under Ottoman rule from 1453-1821, entrepreneurship declined but revived during the Greek revolution against the Turks through trade and shipping that supported the independence cause. In conclusion,
- Throughout history, knowledge of the world expanded through exploration and discovery. The Canary Islands were once considered the western limits of the known world, until Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 beginning the Age of Discovery.
- The Canary Islands were inhabited by primitive Berber people when they were first explored by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians who traded for resources. After conquest by European powers beginning in the 15th century, the native Guanche population declined as the islands became a colony of Castile and center of trade.
- As the Americas grew in importance, industries in the Canaries shifted from sugar to wine. Many inhabitants emigrated to the new lands as the islands experienced
The document discusses the Minoan and Greek civilizations. The Minoans flourished on Crete around 2900-1450 BC and had an advanced civilization centered around the palace at Knossos. They engaged in extensive trade but declined as the Mycenaeans grew stronger around 1400 BC. Greek civilization developed after a dark age, establishing city-states and democratic governments. Greek culture flourished between 500-323 BC, producing philosophers, dramatists, and architectural and artistic achievements that spread with Alexander the Great's conquests. Women had lower status in Greek society and were largely confined to domestic roles.
1. Entrepreneurship has existed in humanity since ancient times, as evidenced by figures like Prometheus in Greek mythology who stole fire and enabled new businesses. The ancient Greeks recognized the importance of entrepreneurship through gods like Hermes.
2. Early forms of entrepreneurship and trade developed as early as 3000 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, where innovative transport methods like towing ships and using animal skins as rafts enabled trade. Distinct rules and early companies governed trade.
3. The Phoenicians were also skilled traders and navigators who founded important colonies and traded goods across the Mediterranean and beyond in the 8th century BC. Various ancient Greek civilizations like the Minoans and
The document traces the origins and evolution of coins from ancient times to modern day. It begins with the origins of coins in Lydia in the 8th century BC as a way to simplify tax collection. The Greeks then spread the use of coins around the Mediterranean between the 7th-6th centuries BC, minting coins with symbols representing their polis. Coins then arrived in the Iberian Peninsula through colonization and trade, with the Romans introducing coins like the sestertius during their rule of Hispania. Islamic coins circulated during the rule of Al-Andalus from the 8th-15th centuries AD, before the Catholic Monarchs standardized Spanish coinage in 1497. This led to famous
It's All Greek To Me! - Day One PowerPointhayes126
Ancient Greece had a Mediterranean climate and rocky, nutrient-poor soil that limited agriculture but supported olive and grape cultivation. The Minoan civilization on Crete was followed by the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland in the Bronze Age. A Greek Dark Age followed the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces around 1200 BC, after which trade was restored and the Greek alphabet and pan-Hellenic religious sites developed in the 8th century BC Renaissance. Greek society was organized into autonomous city-states and had social hierarchies headed by citizen landowners.
Thales was an ancient Greek philosopher who engaged in entrepreneurship by using his meteorology skills to forecast weather and invest in olive presses. Later, Greeks engaged in economic activity through local and long distance trade, producing and exchanging goods. Aristotle Onassis became a prominent shipping magnate in the 20th century, amassing the world's largest privately owned shipping fleet through innovative financing techniques and operating internationally to avoid taxes. He expanded his business interests into luxury activities like yachting and island resorts.
Mycenae reached its peak around 1350 BC, with a citadel and lower town housing 30,000 inhabitants spanning 32 hectares. The Mycenaeans became successful merchants through contacts with Crete and Eastern countries, acquiring supplies, materials, and technological knowledge. Wealth was strictly accumulated by kings ruling from palaces that were centers of entrepreneurship, crafts, agriculture, trade, and redistribution of goods. Skilled artisans working in the palaces created fine artworks like pottery, ivory carvings, metalwork, textiles, stone sculptures, and seals using imported materials. Writing also developed during this period to help administrate commerce. The fortified citadel of Mycenae had a
This document summarizes the history of entrepreneurship in Greece from ancient times to the modern era. It discusses how entrepreneurship has existed since Greek mythology through figures like Prometheus and Hermes. Various Greek civilizations from 3000-1100 BC like the Minoans and Mycenaeans engaged in sea trading. During ancient Greece's Classical era from 480-323 BC, Athens reached its peak and entrepreneurial activities included trade, crafts, and tax collection. The Macedonian and Byzantine empires further developed agriculture, commerce, and trade guilds. Under Ottoman rule from 1453-1821, entrepreneurship declined but revived during the Greek revolution against the Turks through trade and shipping that supported the independence cause. In conclusion,
- Throughout history, knowledge of the world expanded through exploration and discovery. The Canary Islands were once considered the western limits of the known world, until Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 beginning the Age of Discovery.
- The Canary Islands were inhabited by primitive Berber people when they were first explored by Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, and Carthaginians who traded for resources. After conquest by European powers beginning in the 15th century, the native Guanche population declined as the islands became a colony of Castile and center of trade.
- As the Americas grew in importance, industries in the Canaries shifted from sugar to wine. Many inhabitants emigrated to the new lands as the islands experienced
The document discusses the Minoan and Greek civilizations. The Minoans flourished on Crete around 2900-1450 BC and had an advanced civilization centered around the palace at Knossos. They engaged in extensive trade but declined as the Mycenaeans grew stronger around 1400 BC. Greek civilization developed after a dark age, establishing city-states and democratic governments. Greek culture flourished between 500-323 BC, producing philosophers, dramatists, and architectural and artistic achievements that spread with Alexander the Great's conquests. Women had lower status in Greek society and were largely confined to domestic roles.
1. Entrepreneurship has existed in humanity since ancient times, as evidenced by figures like Prometheus in Greek mythology who stole fire and enabled new businesses. The ancient Greeks recognized the importance of entrepreneurship through gods like Hermes.
2. Early forms of entrepreneurship and trade developed as early as 3000 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, where innovative transport methods like towing ships and using animal skins as rafts enabled trade. Distinct rules and early companies governed trade.
3. The Phoenicians were also skilled traders and navigators who founded important colonies and traded goods across the Mediterranean and beyond in the 8th century BC. Various ancient Greek civilizations like the Minoans and
The document traces the origins and evolution of coins from ancient times to modern day. It begins with the origins of coins in Lydia in the 8th century BC as a way to simplify tax collection. The Greeks then spread the use of coins around the Mediterranean between the 7th-6th centuries BC, minting coins with symbols representing their polis. Coins then arrived in the Iberian Peninsula through colonization and trade, with the Romans introducing coins like the sestertius during their rule of Hispania. Islamic coins circulated during the rule of Al-Andalus from the 8th-15th centuries AD, before the Catholic Monarchs standardized Spanish coinage in 1497. This led to famous
It's All Greek To Me! - Day One PowerPointhayes126
Ancient Greece had a Mediterranean climate and rocky, nutrient-poor soil that limited agriculture but supported olive and grape cultivation. The Minoan civilization on Crete was followed by the Mycenaean civilization on the mainland in the Bronze Age. A Greek Dark Age followed the collapse of the Mycenaean palaces around 1200 BC, after which trade was restored and the Greek alphabet and pan-Hellenic religious sites developed in the 8th century BC Renaissance. Greek society was organized into autonomous city-states and had social hierarchies headed by citizen landowners.
Thales was an ancient Greek philosopher who engaged in entrepreneurship by using his meteorology skills to forecast weather and invest in olive presses. Later, Greeks engaged in economic activity through local and long distance trade, producing and exchanging goods. Aristotle Onassis became a prominent shipping magnate in the 20th century, amassing the world's largest privately owned shipping fleet through innovative financing techniques and operating internationally to avoid taxes. He expanded his business interests into luxury activities like yachting and island resorts.
1. In ancient times, Slovakia was an important center of bronze production due to its rich copper ore deposits. Crafts and trade developed, with copper, gold, and bronze used as currency. Farming was also a main economic activity.
2. The Great Moravian Empire between 833-900 AD was a major Slavic state and trading partner of the Franks. Constantine and Methodius developed the Glagolitic alphabet and translated religious texts to Old Church Slavonic. The empire was a center of crafts like metalworking and glassmaking.
3. From the 11th-15th centuries, Slovakia experienced economic growth as part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Towns developed on trade
Modern Greece traces its roots to ancient Greece, the cradle of Western civilization. Ancient Greece spread throughout the Balkans and Aegean islands, establishing Greek civilization. In the 5th-4th centuries BCE, Athens and Sparta were powerful independent city-states, and Athens under Pericles became a cultural and artistic center. Today, Greece has a maritime industry centered in Piraeus and tourism is an important part of the economy. Greek culture is also reflected in its cuisine including souvlaki, salads, and wines.
Mainland Greece has a mountainous landscape surrounded by over 1400 islands with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Early civilizations like Minoan Crete and Mycenae dominated during the Bronze Age, though the Mycenaean civilization mysteriously disappeared in the Dark Age around 1150 BC. During the Archaic period, independent city-states or poleis like Athens and Sparta emerged and Greeks established colonies around the Mediterranean. The Classical period saw the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, as well as cultural achievements under Pericles in Athens. Alexander the Great later conquered Greece and much of the known world, spreading Greek influence.
This document provides a history of the West Nestos River area of Thrace from ancient times to the early 20th century. It describes the origins and movements of Thracian tribes in the region like the Hedoni and Sappaioi. It discusses the area's involvement with ancient Greek city-states, Persian and Macedonian rule, and its eventual incorporation into the Roman and Byzantine Empires. Under the Ottomans from the 14th century, the region saw expansion of Turkish settlement and the growth of tobacco farming. Greek settlement increased in the 19th century but tension with Bulgarian identity emerged in later decades.
The document summarizes the history and civilization of ancient Egypt. It describes how Egypt developed along the Nile River from central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Egypt is divided into three main periods: the Old Kingdom from 2700-2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050-1750 BC, and the New Kingdom from 1550-1050 BC. During these periods, Egyptian society was stratified with farmers, servants, and slaves while pharaohs ruled as gods and nobles helped govern.
Greece has a long and storied history, with Greek culture spreading around the Mediterranean and influencing many other cultures starting around 6000 BC. Major early civilizations included the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Greek city-states grew powerful in the Archaic period starting in the 8th century BC, but also competed violently with each other. They united to defeat Persia in the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC. However, internal conflicts weakened Greece, allowing Rome to eventually conquer it in 146 BC. Greek culture continued under the Byzantine Empire until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Greece re-established independence in the 19th century and though it has faced challenges, Greek culture and ideals
Lecture 15 age of territorial states (b)Rusalochka
The document discusses the Near East around 1500 BC and the transition from city-states to territorial states. It describes the major powers of the time including Mitanni, Assyria, Kassite Babylonia, Elam, and the Hittite kingdom. Diplomacy was conducted through letters and treaties. Warfare mostly consisted of border conflicts to extend influence. Palace culture saw the rise of an international elite class who mixed local and foreign traditions while competing for wealth and prestige.
Mount Olympus was regarded as the home of the Twelve Olympian gods in Greek mythology. Athens was the largest city in Greece, known for its Parthenon temple and status as a center of philosophy. Sparta focused heavily on military training and had a warrior culture relying on helot slaves to support its soldiers.
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization, including key events and influences. It discusses the geography of Greece and how it impacted culture. The rise and fall of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations is examined. Important figures like Homer and events like the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War are summarized. The document also briefly explores Greek influences like democracy, theater, and architecture that have endured as part of its legacy.
The Cretans were an advanced civilization on the island of Crete with sophisticated architecture, art, and culture. They engaged in extensive trade by sea. Cretan society afforded high status to women, and their religion centered around a mother goddess. A notable aspect of their culture was "bull-leaping," where men and women performed feats around bulls. The Mycenaeans later conquered Crete and established rule, blending Cretan and mainland Greek influences.
A comprehensive presentation of the Ancient Greek Empire: first Olympic games, the Mediterranean colonies, the Persian Wars, the Parthenon, Agora, Socrates, etc
The document provides a history of tourism from prehistoric times through the development of ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, East Asians, Greeks, and Romans. It then discusses the grand tour in 17th-18th century Europe, the rise of spas, baths and seaside resorts, and concludes with a brief history of tourism in the Philippines from the arrival of tribes to Spanish colonial rule and beyond.
Persia, Greece, and Rome By Chi Chi and Sole'_itschichii
Darius I stimulated the Persian empire's economy by introducing reforms like standardized currency, road networks, and new agricultural techniques. He established imperial administrative systems including taxation codes, bureaucracies, and postal and judicial systems. This increased long-distance trade and economic growth. Similarly, ancient Greek city-states and the Roman Republic focused on agriculture and trade, with economies based around exporting staple crops. Standardized currencies and banking systems arose to facilitate regional and international commerce. Both the Persian and Roman empires eventually declined due in part to falling trade and taxation policies that overburdened peasants.
The Minoans emerged on Crete around 2100 BCE and established dominance over Crete and the eastern Mediterranean until their culture reached its height around 1500 BCE. They built elaborate palaces like the one at Knossos that featured running water, multiple stories, bathrooms, and gardens but no walls. Sir Arthur Evans began excavating Knossos in 1905 and uncovered its grand staircase and throne room. Minoan society was based around palace centers that collected tribute and traded goods. Their sophisticated culture enjoyed painting, dancing, and unusual sports like bull leaping before it began collapsing around 1450 BCE due possibly to invasion from Mycenaean Greeks or a large volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
1. The document discusses the ancient Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations that arose on the island of Crete and Greek mainland respectively.
2. The Minoan civilization was a maritime culture that developed an egalitarian society and engaged in artistic pursuits like dancing and boxing. In contrast, the Mycenaeans had a hierarchical militaristic society.
3. Both civilizations flourished for many years but ultimately declined - the Minoans were invaded by the Mycenaeans who occupied Crete, and the Dorian Greeks later invaded ending Mycenaean rule. Elements of both cultures still influenced Classical Greek society.
The document discusses several key contributions and aspects of ancient Greek civilization, which formed the foundations of Western civilization. It outlines Greece's geography and how it led to independent city-states. It then describes the two major periods of ancient Greek history - the Hellenic period which saw the rise of democracy, philosophy, and the arts, and the Hellenistic period during which Greek culture spread following Alexander the Great's conquests. Key city-states like Athens and Sparta are also highlighted for their differing political systems and roles in ancient Greek society.
The mountainous geography of Greece encouraged independence among early Greek peoples, leading to frequent wars between city-states. Crete influenced early Greek civilization. Only male citizens could vote in city-states. Spartan women had greater freedom than women in other Greek city-states as they could own property. Direct democracy first arose in ancient Greece in the city-state of Athens.
The document provides an overview of early Greece, including the following key points:
- Greece fell into a dark age when the Dorian tribe took over around 1200 BCE because the Dorians did not write things down like previous groups, so all written records stopped.
- Previous groups like the Minoans and Mycenaeans explored the Mediterranean and built towns, but natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions led to the decline of the Minoans.
- The document outlines the topics that will be covered in slides about ancient Greece, including early Greece, myths and legends, Greek city-states, daily life, wars and expansion, and contributions from the Greeks.
Classical Greece was shaped by migrations into the region starting around 2000 BCE, including the Minoans and Indo-European groups like the Dorians and Ionians. Greece's mountainous geography promoted coastal trade and cultural diffusion but lacked good farmland, leading to Greek and Phoenician colonization across the Mediterranean from 750-550 BCE. Notable city-states like Athens and Sparta developed different political systems, with Athens becoming a direct democracy in the 6th century BCE. The Persian Wars of the 5th century BCE resulted in a Greek victory that increased Athenian power and cultural influence. However, tensions between Athens and Sparta later erupted into the Peloponnesian War, weakening both and allowing Macedon
1. The geography of Greece, with its mountains and coastline, contributed to the development of independent city-states and a sense of liberty among the Greeks. It also pushed the growth of maritime trade and colonization.
2. Athens developed as a center of democracy in the 5th century BCE under Cleisthenes and Pericles. All male citizens could participate directly in the assembly and jury courts.
3. Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and much of Asia from 336-323 BCE through his innovative military tactics. His conquests spread Greek culture and political models across his vast empire.
Over 3,000 years, Sicily has been influenced by many different civilizations and cultures. Prehistoric inhabitants first arrived around 10,000 BCE and began practicing agriculture by 8,000 BCE. A succession of groups including Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Muslims, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spanish, and Italians have all ruled the island at different points in its history, each leaving their mark on Sicilian culture, language, and way of life. Today, Sicily remains a distinct autonomous region of Italy with a long and rich history shaped by its strategic location at the center of the Mediterranean.
This document provides a brief historical overview of Sicily from the 8th century BC to present day. It highlights several key periods in Sicilian history, including Phoenician settlement in the 8th century BC, Greek colonization in the 5th-3rd centuries BC, Roman rule from the 3rd century BC to 5th century AD, Arab-Islamic domination from the 9th-11th centuries, Norman rule from the 11th-12th centuries, Hohenstaufen and Aragonese rule in the 13th-16th centuries, Spanish rule from the 16th-18th centuries, brief Savoyard and Austrian rule in the 18th century, Bourbon rule in the 18th-19
1. In ancient times, Slovakia was an important center of bronze production due to its rich copper ore deposits. Crafts and trade developed, with copper, gold, and bronze used as currency. Farming was also a main economic activity.
2. The Great Moravian Empire between 833-900 AD was a major Slavic state and trading partner of the Franks. Constantine and Methodius developed the Glagolitic alphabet and translated religious texts to Old Church Slavonic. The empire was a center of crafts like metalworking and glassmaking.
3. From the 11th-15th centuries, Slovakia experienced economic growth as part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Towns developed on trade
Modern Greece traces its roots to ancient Greece, the cradle of Western civilization. Ancient Greece spread throughout the Balkans and Aegean islands, establishing Greek civilization. In the 5th-4th centuries BCE, Athens and Sparta were powerful independent city-states, and Athens under Pericles became a cultural and artistic center. Today, Greece has a maritime industry centered in Piraeus and tourism is an important part of the economy. Greek culture is also reflected in its cuisine including souvlaki, salads, and wines.
Mainland Greece has a mountainous landscape surrounded by over 1400 islands with mild winters and hot, dry summers. Early civilizations like Minoan Crete and Mycenae dominated during the Bronze Age, though the Mycenaean civilization mysteriously disappeared in the Dark Age around 1150 BC. During the Archaic period, independent city-states or poleis like Athens and Sparta emerged and Greeks established colonies around the Mediterranean. The Classical period saw the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, as well as cultural achievements under Pericles in Athens. Alexander the Great later conquered Greece and much of the known world, spreading Greek influence.
This document provides a history of the West Nestos River area of Thrace from ancient times to the early 20th century. It describes the origins and movements of Thracian tribes in the region like the Hedoni and Sappaioi. It discusses the area's involvement with ancient Greek city-states, Persian and Macedonian rule, and its eventual incorporation into the Roman and Byzantine Empires. Under the Ottomans from the 14th century, the region saw expansion of Turkish settlement and the growth of tobacco farming. Greek settlement increased in the 19th century but tension with Bulgarian identity emerged in later decades.
The document summarizes the history and civilization of ancient Egypt. It describes how Egypt developed along the Nile River from central Africa to the Mediterranean Sea. Ancient Egypt is divided into three main periods: the Old Kingdom from 2700-2200 BC, the Middle Kingdom from 2050-1750 BC, and the New Kingdom from 1550-1050 BC. During these periods, Egyptian society was stratified with farmers, servants, and slaves while pharaohs ruled as gods and nobles helped govern.
Greece has a long and storied history, with Greek culture spreading around the Mediterranean and influencing many other cultures starting around 6000 BC. Major early civilizations included the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Greek city-states grew powerful in the Archaic period starting in the 8th century BC, but also competed violently with each other. They united to defeat Persia in the Persian Wars in the 5th century BC. However, internal conflicts weakened Greece, allowing Rome to eventually conquer it in 146 BC. Greek culture continued under the Byzantine Empire until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. Greece re-established independence in the 19th century and though it has faced challenges, Greek culture and ideals
Lecture 15 age of territorial states (b)Rusalochka
The document discusses the Near East around 1500 BC and the transition from city-states to territorial states. It describes the major powers of the time including Mitanni, Assyria, Kassite Babylonia, Elam, and the Hittite kingdom. Diplomacy was conducted through letters and treaties. Warfare mostly consisted of border conflicts to extend influence. Palace culture saw the rise of an international elite class who mixed local and foreign traditions while competing for wealth and prestige.
Mount Olympus was regarded as the home of the Twelve Olympian gods in Greek mythology. Athens was the largest city in Greece, known for its Parthenon temple and status as a center of philosophy. Sparta focused heavily on military training and had a warrior culture relying on helot slaves to support its soldiers.
This document provides an overview of ancient Greek civilization, including key events and influences. It discusses the geography of Greece and how it impacted culture. The rise and fall of the Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations is examined. Important figures like Homer and events like the Persian Wars and Peloponnesian War are summarized. The document also briefly explores Greek influences like democracy, theater, and architecture that have endured as part of its legacy.
The Cretans were an advanced civilization on the island of Crete with sophisticated architecture, art, and culture. They engaged in extensive trade by sea. Cretan society afforded high status to women, and their religion centered around a mother goddess. A notable aspect of their culture was "bull-leaping," where men and women performed feats around bulls. The Mycenaeans later conquered Crete and established rule, blending Cretan and mainland Greek influences.
A comprehensive presentation of the Ancient Greek Empire: first Olympic games, the Mediterranean colonies, the Persian Wars, the Parthenon, Agora, Socrates, etc
The document provides a history of tourism from prehistoric times through the development of ancient civilizations like the Sumerians, Egyptians, Indians, East Asians, Greeks, and Romans. It then discusses the grand tour in 17th-18th century Europe, the rise of spas, baths and seaside resorts, and concludes with a brief history of tourism in the Philippines from the arrival of tribes to Spanish colonial rule and beyond.
Persia, Greece, and Rome By Chi Chi and Sole'_itschichii
Darius I stimulated the Persian empire's economy by introducing reforms like standardized currency, road networks, and new agricultural techniques. He established imperial administrative systems including taxation codes, bureaucracies, and postal and judicial systems. This increased long-distance trade and economic growth. Similarly, ancient Greek city-states and the Roman Republic focused on agriculture and trade, with economies based around exporting staple crops. Standardized currencies and banking systems arose to facilitate regional and international commerce. Both the Persian and Roman empires eventually declined due in part to falling trade and taxation policies that overburdened peasants.
The Minoans emerged on Crete around 2100 BCE and established dominance over Crete and the eastern Mediterranean until their culture reached its height around 1500 BCE. They built elaborate palaces like the one at Knossos that featured running water, multiple stories, bathrooms, and gardens but no walls. Sir Arthur Evans began excavating Knossos in 1905 and uncovered its grand staircase and throne room. Minoan society was based around palace centers that collected tribute and traded goods. Their sophisticated culture enjoyed painting, dancing, and unusual sports like bull leaping before it began collapsing around 1450 BCE due possibly to invasion from Mycenaean Greeks or a large volcanic eruption on the island of Thera.
1. The document discusses the ancient Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations that arose on the island of Crete and Greek mainland respectively.
2. The Minoan civilization was a maritime culture that developed an egalitarian society and engaged in artistic pursuits like dancing and boxing. In contrast, the Mycenaeans had a hierarchical militaristic society.
3. Both civilizations flourished for many years but ultimately declined - the Minoans were invaded by the Mycenaeans who occupied Crete, and the Dorian Greeks later invaded ending Mycenaean rule. Elements of both cultures still influenced Classical Greek society.
The document discusses several key contributions and aspects of ancient Greek civilization, which formed the foundations of Western civilization. It outlines Greece's geography and how it led to independent city-states. It then describes the two major periods of ancient Greek history - the Hellenic period which saw the rise of democracy, philosophy, and the arts, and the Hellenistic period during which Greek culture spread following Alexander the Great's conquests. Key city-states like Athens and Sparta are also highlighted for their differing political systems and roles in ancient Greek society.
The mountainous geography of Greece encouraged independence among early Greek peoples, leading to frequent wars between city-states. Crete influenced early Greek civilization. Only male citizens could vote in city-states. Spartan women had greater freedom than women in other Greek city-states as they could own property. Direct democracy first arose in ancient Greece in the city-state of Athens.
The document provides an overview of early Greece, including the following key points:
- Greece fell into a dark age when the Dorian tribe took over around 1200 BCE because the Dorians did not write things down like previous groups, so all written records stopped.
- Previous groups like the Minoans and Mycenaeans explored the Mediterranean and built towns, but natural disasters like earthquakes and volcanic eruptions led to the decline of the Minoans.
- The document outlines the topics that will be covered in slides about ancient Greece, including early Greece, myths and legends, Greek city-states, daily life, wars and expansion, and contributions from the Greeks.
Classical Greece was shaped by migrations into the region starting around 2000 BCE, including the Minoans and Indo-European groups like the Dorians and Ionians. Greece's mountainous geography promoted coastal trade and cultural diffusion but lacked good farmland, leading to Greek and Phoenician colonization across the Mediterranean from 750-550 BCE. Notable city-states like Athens and Sparta developed different political systems, with Athens becoming a direct democracy in the 6th century BCE. The Persian Wars of the 5th century BCE resulted in a Greek victory that increased Athenian power and cultural influence. However, tensions between Athens and Sparta later erupted into the Peloponnesian War, weakening both and allowing Macedon
1. The geography of Greece, with its mountains and coastline, contributed to the development of independent city-states and a sense of liberty among the Greeks. It also pushed the growth of maritime trade and colonization.
2. Athens developed as a center of democracy in the 5th century BCE under Cleisthenes and Pericles. All male citizens could participate directly in the assembly and jury courts.
3. Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire and much of Asia from 336-323 BCE through his innovative military tactics. His conquests spread Greek culture and political models across his vast empire.
Over 3,000 years, Sicily has been influenced by many different civilizations and cultures. Prehistoric inhabitants first arrived around 10,000 BCE and began practicing agriculture by 8,000 BCE. A succession of groups including Phoenicians, Greeks, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, Muslims, Normans, Swabians, Angevins, Spanish, and Italians have all ruled the island at different points in its history, each leaving their mark on Sicilian culture, language, and way of life. Today, Sicily remains a distinct autonomous region of Italy with a long and rich history shaped by its strategic location at the center of the Mediterranean.
This document provides a brief historical overview of Sicily from the 8th century BC to present day. It highlights several key periods in Sicilian history, including Phoenician settlement in the 8th century BC, Greek colonization in the 5th-3rd centuries BC, Roman rule from the 3rd century BC to 5th century AD, Arab-Islamic domination from the 9th-11th centuries, Norman rule from the 11th-12th centuries, Hohenstaufen and Aragonese rule in the 13th-16th centuries, Spanish rule from the 16th-18th centuries, brief Savoyard and Austrian rule in the 18th century, Bourbon rule in the 18th-19
This document provides a historical overview of Palermo, Italy from its founding by the Phoenicians to the Norman period. It summarizes that Palermo was established as a strategic port city due to its fertile valley location. It was conquered by the Romans, fell under Byzantine rule, and became the capital of Sicily under Arab rule in the 9th century. When the Normans invaded in the 11th century, they maintained tolerance for local Muslim and Christian populations. Several notable buildings from the Norman period are highlighted that show the cultural blending of Latin, Greek, and Islamic influences, including the Norman Palace and Palatine Chapel.
Sicilian traditions, cities, land, weather and foodannabarberi
The document summarizes information about Sicily, Italy. It discusses Sicily's location in southern Italy surrounded by three seas. It describes Sicily's flag symbolizing the island with three legs. It also summarizes Sicilian traditions including costumes, a traditional cap, and puppets. Additionally, it provides brief summaries about Sicily's landscape featuring Mount Etna, soils, fauna and flora, and Mediterranean climate. Finally, it highlights several major Sicilian cities including Palermo, Messina, Agrigento, and Catania as well as traditional Sicilian foods and drinks.
In 1072, the Normans drove the Arabs from Sicily, establishing Palermo as their capital and re-consecrating the cathedral. In 1174, in an act of piety, thanksgiving and commemoration of the exiled Bishop, King William II ordered the construction of a new church in Monreale, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Enlightened, tolerant and appreciative of many aspects of North African and middle-eastern culture and art, William II employed the very best Arabic and Byzantine, as well as Norman craftsmen to work on the cathedral.
The Cathedral of Monreale (1180s) is the pinnacle of achievement of Arab-Norman art. It was founded in 1172 by William II. A Benedictine monastery was built next to the cathedral which is famous for its remarkable interior, the magnificent gold mosaics representing episodes from the Bible. The cloister has pointed Arab arches with geometric motifs, and scenes are sculpted in the capital of the 228 white marble twin columns.
Around the same time, the town of Monreale was founded, which was the seat of the most powerful Archbishops of Sicily in 1183. During the following centuries, new neighbourhoods grew around other religious congregations, leading to the constructions in the 17C and 18C of many ecclesiastical buildings which gave Monreale its characteristic Baroque appearance.
La presentazione di Maria Chiara Pettenati, Dirigente di ricerca Indire area formazione, alla seconda giornata nazionale per i referenti della formazione Neoassunti 2015/2016 organizzata a Napoli il 10 marzo 2016.
La presentazione di Giuseppe Rossi dell'Università di Macerata alla seconda giornata nazionale per i referenti della formazione Neoassunti 2015/2016 organizzata a Napoli il 10 marzo 2016.
Tripping Sicily promotes Sicily as an event destination, offering tailored activities and tours. They provide nautical tours, team building on Mount Etna and the sea, and transfers by motor yacht. Their aim is to create unique experiences through sailing challenges, orienteering games in volcanic forests, and day cruises with traditional Sicilian food and music. As a concierge service, they customize luxury travel packages to clients' individual needs and interests, from curated shore excursions and winery visits to private yachting and helicopter tours of Etna volcano.
Sicily is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with a population of over 5 million people. Throughout much of its history, Sicily has been strategically important for Mediterranean trade routes. Ancient Greek cities like Siracusa were highly regarded cultural centers, and Cicero described Siracusa as the greatest and most beautiful city of all Ancient Greece. Major landmarks include Mount Etna, the 5th century BC Temple of Segesta, the Palatine Chapel and cathedral in Palermo, and the Temple of Concord in Agrigento.
This document provides information on the early history and cultures of Malta and Eturia (Etruria/Etruscan civilization) in multiple paragraphs:
- The earliest evidence of human settlement in Malta dates back 7,400 years ago in Ghar Dalam cave. During later Neolithic and Bronze Ages, temple construction became more sophisticated. Phoenicians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Normans, and others ruled Malta at different points in its history.
- The origins and civilization of the Etruscans, who inhabited what is now Italy, are uncertain but may have developed in situ from earlier inhabitants dating back 45,000 years. Their advanced cities and the
1) The Norman conquest of Muslim Sicily in the late 11th century established a new Latin Christian kingdom and began transforming the island's society from an Arabic-speaking Muslim population to a Latin Christian one.
2) This transformation was driven largely by immigration of Latin Christians from across Italy and other parts of Europe over the 12th-13th centuries, as the Norman rulers encouraged settlement.
3) By the mid-13th century, the process was complete as the last Muslims were deported from Sicily, and the island's population now identified as Sicilian, spoke Romance languages, and was integrated into Roman Christianity.
During the period from 600 to 1450 CE, several major developments occurred globally. Large religions expanded their influence, while nomadic groups like the Bedouins and Mongols impacted many regions through migration and conquest. A new religion, Islam, arose and spread widely. Empires developed in Mesoamerica, South America, China, and parts of Africa and West Asia. Long distance trade intensified along routes like the Silk Road and Indian Ocean, connecting diverse regions and cultures. The Crusades brought Europeans into global trade networks, and the vast Mongol Empire briefly united much of Eurasia before eventually fracturing.
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that w.docxannandleola
Modern archaeology has helped to verify many of the stories that were passed down within Greek culture, and the Cyclades present a logical location for this cultural genesis. From about 1900 until approximately 1375 BCE, the Minoan culture, named for legendary King Minos, thrived on Crete. Minoan culture was known for establishing extensive trade routes to places as geographically removed from the island as Scandinavia and Afghanistan. They imported various precious stones and metals, including the tin that was needed to produce bronze. The culture associated the bull with the virility of men, and the sacrifice of that and other animals was common. The Minoans worshiped female deities, although the specifics of their religion remain under debate. Similarly, the reasons behind the abandonment of the palace at Knossos on Crete in about 1450 BCE also remain unknown. There are several possibilities for the abandonment, but the result was a swift occupation by the Mycenaeans of the Greek Peloponnese.
The warlike Mycenaen culture was known for defensive architecture and a feudal political structure. The architecture most associated with this culture was cyclopean masonry. The blocks of rough-hewn stone that were used in the creation of defensive walls and protective citadels were so large that the later Greeks believed that only a member of the mythical race of monsters known as Cyclopes could have built the structures. The Mycenaens' political structure involved allegiances between lords and those protected by the local rulers. Kings influenced not only the cities they controlled, but also the surrounding area through allegiances with the lords. The protection of the lord or the king came at an expense, and a system of taxes ensured the desired level of protection would continue. This also allowed the king to obtain unusual wealth, as confirmed by archaeological excavations of elite burials where gold and silver death masks and other ornate grave goods have been uncovered. About 1100 BCE, the center of this civilization, Mycenae, fell after King Agamemnon began and then lost the Trojan War.
By 800 BCE, Greek poleis (city-states) began to develop. The rise of a truly Greek civilization happened as these city-states developed. The people of the early city-states, even the large ones, were mainly agrarian and life was centered on the production of crops. Religious beliefs assigned gods and goddesses to each area of life in which Greek people functioned, and the gods had human qualities, both positive and negative. The poleis were not geographically close to one another, and by the 8th century BCE, sanctuaries arose where people, generally men, from various poleis could gather to share important cultural elements. As city-states vied for status, the construction of ever more impressive temples developed. The early Greek civilization developed its own distinctive forms of architecture, government, art (including performing arts such as theatre, music, ...
The Mayan Temple of the Great Jaguar in Tikal, Guatemala was built in the 8th century AD to serve as the tomb for ruler Chan K'awill. The 144 foot tall temple has a steep pyramid shape with nine large steps and hundreds of small steps, topped by a temple with a roof featuring carvings. While its explicit purpose was as a tomb, it also served to accentuate the ruler's power and status by widening the physical distance between those at the top and bottom of the structure.
- Egypt is located in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia, bordered by Libya, Sudan, Israel, and Gaza. It has a population of over 84 million people concentrated along the Nile River.
- Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, dating back to at least 3000 BC. Ancient Egyptian civilization constructed famous monuments like the Giza pyramids and Great Sphinx. Tourism related to Egypt's rich cultural heritage is now a major part of the economy.
- Some of Egypt's most important historical sites discussed in the document include the Giza pyramids, Abu Simbel temples, Karnak temple complex, and Tutankhamun's tomb discovered in the Valley of the Kings.
Ancient Greek human settlements began as small villages along the coasts and islands of the Mediterranean and Black Seas. Notable early civilizations included the Minoans of Crete, known for their palace at Knossos. Greeks later established city-states like Athens and Sparta between 800-600 BC, centered around fortified hilltop acropolises. The Classical Period from the 5th to 4th centuries BC marked Greece's cultural and artistic peak, exemplified by structures on the Athenian Acropolis such as the Parthenon. However, Greek city-states eventually fell under Roman rule after wars in the 2nd century BC.
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This document provides an overview of European exploration and encounters with Africa and Asia between 1415-1796. It discusses how the search for spices by Europeans led to the age of exploration, including early Portuguese voyages along the coast of Africa and Vasco da Gama's arrival in India in 1497. It also summarizes the rise and fall of several African kingdoms like Ghana, Mali, and Songhai that controlled the trans-Saharan trade routes, as well as coastal trading kingdoms in West and Southern Africa.
The document provides an overview of the history and geography of ancient Greece and their influences. It discusses:
- The arrival of the Mycenaeans in Greece between 1900-1600 BC and the indigenous groups already living there.
- As Greece expanded its territory, Greek minorities remained in places like Turkey while Greeks also emigrated globally.
- Greece's mountainous terrain and Mediterranean climate influenced the formation of city-states and a maritime society focused on trade. This geography both promoted democracy and competition between city-states.
- Ancient Greece contributed greatly to the world through achievements in mythology, epics, theater, philosophy, government, and more.
Ancient Greece began around 3000 BC with the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete, led by King Minos. Around 1100 BC, Greece entered a dark age after the fall of the Mycenean civilization. Greek civilization emerged again in the 800s BC as the Greeks explored by sea and established colonies. Ancient Greece consisted of independent city-states like Athens and Sparta that sometimes fought each other but also united against threats like the Persian Empire. Greek civilization made influential contributions to Western culture, including the development of democracy, Olympic games, and advances in science, art, and philosophy.
The civilization of Ancient Greece emerged into the light of world history in the 8th century BC. Normally it is regarded as coming to an end when Greece fell to the Romans, in 146 BC. However, major Greek, or “Hellenistic”, kingdoms lasted longer than this. As a culture, Greek civilization lasted longer still, continuing right to the end of the ancient world.
The document provides a timeline of key events and developments in African history from 2.5 million BCE to the colonial period. Some of the earliest developments included stone tools being developed in Ethiopia and Tanzania between 2.5-0.4 million BCE. Later developments included shell jewelry in South Africa at 75,000 BCE, mathematical artifacts in Congo at 25,000 BCE, and domestication of crops like sorghum and barley between 15,000-7000 BCE. The colonial period saw European powers like Belgium exploiting resources in Africa and instituting apartheid in South Africa through the 20th century.
This document provides an overview of the history and key developments of various ancient civilizations including:
- China, Egypt, Inca, Greece, Rome, Babylon, Persia, Assyria, Indus Valley, Byzantine, African, Arabian, Mayan, Aztec, and Mesopotamian civilizations. For each civilization, it discusses origins, technological/cultural achievements, and important time periods. The document is submitted as part of a course on the history of Western clothing and fashion.
Ancient Greece developed out of two early civilizations - the Minoan civilization on Crete and the Mycenaean civilization on the Greek mainland. Geographic factors like mountains and islands led to the rise of independent city-states across Greece. These city-states experimented with different forms of government, with Athens developing the first democratic system and Sparta developing a totalitarian military state. The Persian Wars in the 5th century BC united the Greek city-states against a common enemy but also intensified rivalry between Athens and Sparta for dominance over Greece.
The document provides a detailed history of the origins and development of the Sicilian mafia, known as the Cosa Nostra. It traces the roots of the Cosa Nostra back to Sicily's turbulent history of conquest under various rulers including the Romans, Arabs, Normans, Spanish, and the eventual unification of Italy. Key developments that enabled the rise of the Cosa Nostra included the feudal system of latifundia established by the Romans, which concentrated land ownership and led to the need for private protection. The abolition of feudalism in the 19th century increased demand for such protection services, allowing the Cosa Nostra to fill this role and establish itself. The document examines
Discover the exhilarating world of manta ray night snorkeling in Kona, Hawaii. Led by expert guides, participants witness these majestic creatures feeding on plankton under mesmerizing underwater lights. With stringent safety measures, environmental responsibility, and emergency preparedness, enjoy this unique adventure responsibly and securely with trusted tour operators.
With the American Airlines name change policy, you can alter the incorrect name on your flight ticket/boarding pass without any fuss. Therefore, it’s essential to understand the major guidelines before requesting a name change/correction. However, if you still encounter any issues, you can navigate to the AA website or approach the airline over the phone. Additionally, you can talk with a flight expert at +1-866-738-0741 to get your problem fixed in a few minutes.
A list of budget-friendly things that families can do in San Antonio! Dive into its rich history and vibrant culture at iconic landmarks like the Alamo. Explore colorful Market Square and stroll along the scenic River Walk. Enjoy family-friendly fun at Brackenridge Park and capture breathtaking views at the Tower of the Americas—all without breaking the bank!
Explore Austin's dynamic history and cultural tapestry on a captivating journey. From its origins as Texas' capital to architectural marvels like the Texas State Capitol and cultural hubs such as the Driskill Hotel. Dive into its diverse heritage, legendary music scene, key historical moments, natural beauty, and vibrant culinary delights.
Our Bahrain Visa PowerPoint Presentation offers a detailed and comprehensive guide to the Bahrain visa application process. It is designed to assist travelers, travel agents, and businesses in navigating the various visa types, including tourist, business, work, student, and family visas. Each section provides an in-depth look at eligibility criteria, required documents, and step-by-step application procedures. Additionally, the presentation includes valuable tips for avoiding common application mistakes, an overview of processing times, and details on fees and payment methods. This presentation aims to ensure a smooth and successful visa application experience, making travel to Bahrain as seamless as possible.
Southwest Airlines Low Fare Calendar: The Ultimate Guidei2aanshul
Travelling doesn't have to be expensive, especially with tools like the Southwest Airlines Low Fare Calendar at your disposal. This guide will take you through everything you need to know about using this feature to snag the best deals on your flights. Whether you're a seasoned traveller or planning your first trip, this guide will ensure you get the most out of your budget.
The 09 Days Tour to Skardu by road offers a breathtaking journey through some of Pakistan’s most spectacular landscapes. Skardu, nestled in the heart of the Karakoram mountain range, is renowned for its stunning vistas, crystal-clear lakes, and rugged terrain.
The Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is an unforgettable adventure, blending stunning natural beauty with rich history. Over four days, trekkers traverse diverse landscapes, from lush cloud forests to high mountain passes, encountering ancient Inca ruins along the way. Each step brings you closer to the awe-inspiring sight of Machu Picchu, revealed at sunrise from the Sun Gate. The journey is challenging but incredibly rewarding, offering a profound sense of accomplishment. With its combination of breathtaking scenery and cultural significance, the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu is a must-do for those seeking an extraordinary adventure in Peru.
Traveling with Frontier Airlines through Boston Logan International Airport offers a budget-friendly and efficient experience. With the modern facilities at Terminal C, extensive services, and amenities provided by Frontier, passengers can enjoy a comfortable journey. Whether you're a frequent flyer or a first-time traveler, this guide aims to help you navigate BOS with ease and make the most of your trip.
Passengers who request name modification after the risk-free period have to pay the United Airlines name change fee. Furthermore, in some cases, travelers have to pay the difference in fare if applicable. The airline doesn’t permit you to make other modifications (date change, fare classes, time, etc) under the name correction policy. Moreover, before you proceed, you must get all related information comprehensively. For that, you can call the consolidation desk at +1-800-865-1848 and get instant response.
1. Sicily - 3000 Years of History
As a bridge between Europe and the Arabian countries, between Occident and the Orient, Sicily
has been touched, changed and marked by a myriad of many different cultures who have taken
turns in occupying and colonizing this large Mediterranean island in the last 3000 years. It has
to be pointed out that all these occupations and invasions in the past were unfortunately
brought forth on the backs and at the cost of the traditional Sicilian population, who
nonetheless still possessed the tireless strength and passion to rise up again and again in
horrific violent rebellions against their invaders.
This multi-faceted historical development is the origin of Sicily’s enthrallingly unique mix of art
and architecture, and its status as a melting pot of cultures and races.
It is believed that the first culture to emerge in Sicily was Neolithic, and quite similar to the
early cultures of central and western Europe. Around 5000 BC, the Siculi and Sicani cultures
appeared, giving the island their name, and around 900 BC the Phoenicians began to colonize
the area, founding Carthage in North Africa and Mozia, Solunto and Palermo in Sicily.
Greek colonization of Sicily probably began around 750 BC. Soon Sicily and the southern part of
the Italian peninsula would be completely colonized by Greeks, becoming known as Magna
Graecia (Greater Greece). Sicily was highly prized for its fertile lands (olives and vines) enabling
very profitable trading, but unfortunately this also led to many internal battles that became
more frequent and more violent as manifold rivalries developed on the island. This caused the
2. Greek settlements, initially democratic in nature, to evolve into tyrannical groups, resulting in
the creation of many hostile fractions. In BC 480, at the battle of Himera, the Carthaginians
were defeated, heralding what would be known as ‘the Golden Age'. In time, however,
Carthaginian invaders gained a foothold in West Sicily from North Africa and attained control
over more than half of the island. Sicily became a battleground for these rival empires. A
century of fierce antagonism between Greeks and Carthaginians followed, but came to no
peaceful conclusion as the conflict between Romans and Carthaginians had just begun. The
Roman Empire was successful in driving out the Carthaginians, marking the beginning of more
than 500 years of Roman rule in Sicily.
Roman Sicily was supposed to become the ’grain chamber’ of the Roman Realm and, in realizing
its potential, should have been a very wealthy region, but corruption and mis-management
depleted and strained Sicily’s resources causing chaos for Sicily’s economy.
Around 313 AD, the Rise of Emperor Constantine’s influence and the rise of Christianity in the
region saw to the gradual decline of the Roman Empire. A brief Germanic Showdown occurred
as Sicily was invaded and fought over by Vandals from northern Africa, Ostrogoths and
Byzantines. By the ninth century it was the turn of Arabs, Berbers and Spanish Muslims, classed
collectively as Saracens, to rule Sicily..
Under the Arab Kalbid dynasty, Palermo was made the Capital of what became known as the
‘Emirate of Sicily’. It is said that at its peak over 100 mosques stood in Palermo. Under Arab rule
Sicily experienced a large bloom in its economy and development owing to the more advanced
Arab culture. Literature, arts, philosophy and other achievements of Arabian civilization like
Arabic numerals spread from Palermo over Europe. It is during this time that oranges and
lemons are believed to have been introduced and grown commercially (as it still is today). An
advanced system of irrigation was put in place among many other improvements and a period
of relative religious tolerance is witnessed.
For more information, visit: http://www.sicily4u.co.uk/