History Of Graphic Design
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This document provides a history of graphic design and printmaking from ancient China to the present. It traces the evolution of printing techniques from carved stone rubbings in China in 105 AD to modern digital printing. Key movements and styles discussed include ukiyo-e prints from Japan, Renaissance prints in Europe, Art Nouveau, Art Deco, abstract modernist styles of the 1930s-40s like Bauhaus, pop art of the 1960s, and contemporary digital and multimedia design. Font styles and design aesthetics are described as they evolved alongside historical events and artistic movements over the centuries.
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History Of Graphic Design
- 1. History of Graphic Design
- 2. Chinese Prints • Invention of paper in 105 AD • To enable Chinese scholars to study their scriptures, the classic texts and accompanying holy images were carved onto huge, flat stone slabs. After the lines were incised, damp paper was pressed and molded on the surface, so that the paper was held in the incised lines. Ink was applied, and the paper was then carefully removed. The resulting image appeared as white lines on a black background. In this technique lies the very conception of printing. The development of printing continued with the spread of Buddhism from India to China; images and text were printed on paper from a single block. This method of combining text and image is called block-book printing.
- 4. Sacred Texts, Renaissance, Reformation Gutenberg Press,1440
- 5. Prints as Fine Art Albrecht Durer, 1510Rembrandt, 1547
- 6. World’s Fair Influence in Printmaking Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec 1892
- 7. Industrial Revolution What kind of influence would the industrial revolution in the early 1800’s have on design?
- 9. VICTORIAN 1820-1910 • Frills • Cluttered • Warm colors/textures • Modest femininity • Font: Capital letters, – serif, thick, readable
- 11. Arts and Crafts • Back to Middle Ages • Straight lines – with soft curves • Harder contour • Clean • Negative Space • Woodcut feel • Font: gothic, serif
- 13. Art Nouveau 1910-20 • Use of figure/ground relationship • Stone Lithography based on woodcut • Thick to thin sweeping lines • Organic/nature themes and symbols • Feminine, fairies • Contour lines • Layers • Font: sweeping, thick and thin, serif
- 15. Art Deco 1920-30 • Progressive women’s movement • Speed – Automobile, train – space • Egyptian motif • Crisp, tailored • Louder, solid colors • Font: san serif, thick
- 16. FINE ART: Cubism
- 17. Abstract Modernism 1930’s • Futurism • Dadaism • Pressing forward • Expressionism • Randomness • Chance • Collage/photos • Artists as designers • Intentional disorder • Font: CAPITAL letters – random, various – languages, many fonts anamanapia, san serif
- 19. Abstract Modernism 1940’s • De Stijl – Straight black lines – Basic shapes – Artists fled to Holland to avoid World War I Font: Straight san serif • Bauhaus -balance of art and design -clean, functional forms Font: “logical” san serif
- 20. FINE ART: Mark Rothko
- 21. 1950’s Mid Century Modern • Advertisements switch to youth • National t.v. • Magazines • Design curriculum in college • Leisure and family • Cheerful optimism after WWII • Working mom’s – Influences advertisement • Font: variety, tag lines, story plots
- 22. FINE ART: Pop Art
- 23. 1960’s-70’s •Hallucinogenic Drugs •Peace Campaigns •Bright Colors •Mixed Media •Japanese Prints •Eastern Influence
- 24. FINE ART: Op Art
- 25. 1980-90’s • In your face advertising • Photography • Style over substance • Sex sells • Use of supermodels and stars • Bold colors
- 26. FINE ART: Performance Art
- 27. Early 21st Century • Mixed media • Technology • Photography • Style over substance • Anti-advertising • Layers, textures, random • Humor and Horror
- 28. FINE ART: Installation art
- 29. present • Clean lines • Simple compositions -space • Return to early modernism • Use of nostalgia for humor • Limited resources for models – Use of illustration and silk screen • Green Design – Less about the consumer, more about the world/environment - About empathy
Editor's Notes
- (pictures of the floating world) representative of things that are fleeting –seasons, time, nature etc 17th century
- One book in the 1400’s would cost as much as a whole farm! The need for biblical examination, the growth of literacy during the Renaissance, the desire to create large volumes of literature during a rebirth of thinking after the middle ages. The mechanical systems involved were first assembled in Germany by the goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg around 1440, based on existing screw-presses used to press cloth, grapes, etc. and possibly prints.[1] Gutenberg was the first in Western Europe to develop a printing press. During the Renaissance era, printing methods based on Gutenberg's printing press spread rapidly throughout first Europe and then the rest of the world. It eventually replaced most versions of block printing, making it the most used format of modern movable type, until being superseded by the advent of offset printing. Modern Moveable Type –the gutenberg
- What is the artist trying to communicate even in fine art?
- To enable Chinese scholars to study their scriptures, the classic texts and accompanying holy images were carved onto huge, flat stone slabs. After the lines were incised, damp paper was pressed and molded on the surface, so that the paper was held in the incised lines. Ink was applied, and the paper was then carefully removed. The resulting image appeared as white lines on a black background. In this technique lies the very conception of printing. The development of printing continued with the spread of Buddhism from India to China; images and text were printed on paper from a single block. This method of combining text and image is called block-book printing.
- Middle class now rose, and had expendable money Need for selling products, mass production, retail, mail order, catalogue
- Before the shopping mall, people went into a store to buy specific items. They were not out on display most of the time. The development of leisure time created a great interest in the social function of shopping. This grew particularly in the 1800’s in Paris and New York City. Charles Worth, a clothing designer was one of the first to advertise his clothes, through illustrations and catalogues.
- Catalogue advertisements
- Gauguin
- Look at the coca cola- although they are similar in style to their other ads, the female is sportinga chic hat, with a wing In it, she has bobbed hair and makeup, she is in the background equal with men and industry. The arrow adds to the “speed”
- World War I was oppressive to the German artists. There was a strong movement to leave behind the past and propoganda materials that was all about a message. The movement aimed to detach completely from the past and look to the future by calling for the destruction of museums and libraries. It promoted a new beauty of speed through aggressive means. This was an important movement because of the current fragmented state of Italy. The state felt behind both economically and culturally. The people needed to become excited about the 20th century and what was to come after being shaken by a world war. Marinetti felt that the only way to do this was to cause an international stir to promote this change and used Paris as a platform to publish the Futurist Manifesto, Le Figaro in 1909. After a few years of recruiting artists and allowing Futurism to take shape, Marinetti published the sound poem Zang Tumb Tumb in 1914. It is a graphic account of the Battle of Tripoli and uses expressive typography with poetic impressions to illustrate the repetition of the drumbeat of war as a powerful machine. The method and formal elements of this work were quite influential in modernist print and the emerging culture of the European Avant-garde.
- Youth have money now, and ads are going to encourage the spending of it. Quick and easy directed towards working moms
- Orlan Famous paintings and sculptures of women combined to find what is perfection for women?