The document provides a history of artificial intelligence from 1943 to the present. It describes several important early developments, including the first paper on artificial neurons by Warren McCulloch and Walter Pits in 1943. The first AI program, called Logic Theorist, was created in 1955 by Allen Newell and Herbert Simon. There were also two "AI winters" from 1974-1980 and 1987-1993 when funding for AI research decreased. More recent developments discussed include IBM's Watson winning Jeopardy in 2011 and an android app called Google Now launching in 2012. The document concludes by stating that AI has advanced remarkably in recent decades and will continue bringing high levels of intelligence.

1. HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
NAME SOHINI GUHA
ROLL 18700120083
ID 2018701073
SEMESTER 5TH
SECTION 2
SUBJECT
ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

2. Table of Contents
WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE?
HISTORY OF ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE
WHEN MAKES OUR LIFE
EASIER
CONCLUSION & BIBLIOGRAPHY
& ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
01
02
03
04

3. WHAT IS ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE?
Machines, especially computer systems, simulate human intelligence
processes with artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence is used for
expert systems, natural language processing, speech recognition, and
machine vision, among other things.

4. OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
HISTORY

5. FROM THE YEAR 1943-1952
 IN 1943, WARREN MCCULLOCH AND WALTER PITS
PUBLISHED THE FIRST PAPER THAT IS NOW RECOGNIZED AS
AI. A MODEL OF ARTIFICIAL NEURONS WAS PROPOSED BY
THEM.
 A RULE FOR UPDATING NEURONAL CONNECTIONS WAS
DEMONSTRATED BY DONALD HEBB IN 1949. HIS RULE IS
NOW CALLED HEBBIAN LEARNING.
 A PIONEER IN MACHINE LEARNING IN 1950 WAS ALAN
TURING, AN ENGLISH MATHEMATICIAN. IN "COMPUTING
MACHINERY AND INTELLIGENCE", ALAN TURING PROPOSES
A TEST FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE. A TURING TEST CAN
DETERMINE WHETHER A MACHINE CAN EXHIBIT
INTELLIGENT BEHAVIOR EQUAL TO THAT OF A HUMAN.
1.’
WARREN MCCULLOCH AND WALTER PITS

6. FROM THE YEAR 1952-1956
1. THE FIRST ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PROGRAM WAS
CREATED IN 1955 BY ALLEN NEWELL AND HERBERT A.
SIMON. IT WAS CALLED LOGIC THEORIST. DESPITE BEING
ABLE TO PROVE 38 OF 52 MATHEMATICS THEOREMS, THIS
PROGRAM WAS ALSO ABLE TO COME UP WITH NEW AND
ELEGANT PROOFS FOR SOME OF THESE THEOREMS.
2. A COMPUTER SCIENTIST NAMED JOHN MCCARTHY FIRST
USED THE TERM "ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE" IN 1956 AT
THE DARTMOUTH CONFERENCE. FOR THE FIRST TIME, AI
COINED AS AN ACADEMIC FIELD.
3. 1.AT THAT TIME HIGH-LEVEL COMPUTER LANGUAGES SUCH
AS FORTRAN, LISP, OR COBOL WERE INVENTED. AND THE
ENTHUSIASM FOR AI WAS VERY HIGH AT THAT TIME.
4.’ HERBERT A. SIMON.

7. IN 1966, THEERS FOCUSED ON
CREATING ALGORITHMS TO SOLVE
MATHEMATICAL PROBLEMS. THE
FIRST CHATBOT WAS CREATED BY
JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM IN 1966,
AND WAS NAMED ELIZA.
•YEAR 1972: THE FIRST
INTELLIGENT HUMANOID ROBOT
WAS BUILT IN JAPAN AND WAS
CALLED WABOT-1.
FROM THE YEAR 1956-1974
JOSEPH WEIZENBAUM

8. FROM THE YEAR 1974-1980
• During the years 1974 to 1980, AI winter was the
first to occur. AI winter refers to the time period
where computer scientists dealt with a severe
shortage of funding from government for AI
researches.
• There was a decrease in publicity on artificial
intelligence during AI winters.
HERBERT A. SIMON.

9. •In 1980, AI Returned With
"Expert System" After A
Winter Hiatus. A Human
Expert's Decision-making
Capability Was Emulated By
Expert Systems.
•The American Association Of
Artificial Intelligence Held Its
First National Conference At
Stanford University In 1980
FROM THE YEAR 1980-1987
SOME HONOURABLE MEMBERS OF THE CONFERENCE

10. •BETWEEN 1987 AND 1993,
THERE WAS A SECOND AI
WINTER.
•THE GOVERNMENT AND
INVESTORS STOPPED FUNDING AI
RESEARCH AGAIN BECAUSE OF
ITS HIGH COST AND INEFFECTIVE
RESULTS. THERE WAS A GREAT
DEAL OF COST-EFFECTIVENESS IN
EXPERT SYSTEMS LIKE XCON.
FROM THE YEAR 1987-1993

11. •THE YEAR 1997 MARKED THE
FIRST TIME A COMPUTER BEAT A
WORLD CHAMPION CHESS PLAYER,
GARY KASPAROV, WHEN IBM DEEP
BLUE DEFEATED HIM.
•YEAR 2002: FOR THE FIRST TIME,
AI ENTERED THE HOME IN THE
FORM OF ROOMBA, A VACUUM
CLEANER.
•THE BUSINESS WORLD WAS
INTRODUCED TO ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE IN 2006. SEVERAL
COMPANIES HAVE BEGUN USING
AI, INCLUDING FACEBOOK,
TWITTER, AND NETFLIX.
FROM THE YEAR 1993-2011
ROOMBA, A VACUUM CLEANER.

12. FROM THE YEAR 2011-PRESENT
• IBM WATSON WON JEOPARDY IN 2011, WHERE IT HAD TO SOLVE COMPLEX
QUESTIONS AS WELL AS RIDDLES. WATSON HAD PROVED THAT IT COULD
UNDERSTAND NATURAL LANGUAGE AND COULD SOLVE TRICKY QUESTIONS
QUICKLY.
• THE ANDROID APP "GOOGLE NOW" WAS LAUNCHED IN 2012,AND PROVIDED
INFORMATION TO THE USER AS A PREDICTION.
• CHATBOT "EUGENE GOOSTMAN" WON A COMPETITION IN THE INFAMOUS
"TURING TEST" IN THE YEAR 2014.
• IBM'S "PROJECT DEBATER" DEBATED COMPLEX TOPICS WITH TWO MASTER
DEBATERS AND PERFORMED EXTREMELY WELL.
• GOOGLE HAS DEMONSTRATED AN AI PROGRAM "DUPLEX" WHICH WAS A
VIRTUAL ASSISTANT AND WHICH HAD TAKEN A HAIRDRESSER APPOINTMENT
ON CALL, AND LADY ON OTHER SIDE DIDN'T NOTICE THAT SHE WAS TALKING
WITH THE MACHINE

13. WHEN MACHINES CAN MAKE OUR LIFE EASIER
TESLA
SELF-DRIVING AND
AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES.
ALEXA
VOICE ASSISTANT
FACE RECOGNITION
THIS IS ONE OF THE
MOST COMMON
TECHNOLOGY

14. CONCLUSION
IN THE PAST FEW DECADES, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAS ADVANCED TO A
REMARKABLE LEVEL. A BOOM HAS BEEN SWEEPING ACROSS THE DATA SCIENCE
FIELD THANKS TO DEEP LEARNING, BIG DATA, AND DATA SCIENCE, AND DATA
SCIENCE. GOOGLE, FACEBOOK, IBM, AND AMAZON ARE EXPERIMENTING WITH AI
TODAY AND CREATING AMAZING DEVICES. I AM EXCITED ABOUT THE FUTURE OF
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND I BELIEVE IT WILL BRING HIGH LEVELS OF
INTELLIGENCE.

15. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I WOULD LIKE TO THANK MY TEACHERS FOR GIVING
ME SUCH A WONDERFUL TOPIC TO WORK AND
LEARN MORE ABOUT THE SAME.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 ARTIFICAL INTELLIGENCE 3RD
EDITION (BY ELAINE RICH &
KEVIN KNIGHT & SHIVSHANKAR
B NAIR)
 INTERNET