A historical study of science, technology and society

2.  Science: Knowledge about or
study of the normal world
based on facts learned
through experiments and
observation.
 Technology: Science or
knowledge put into practical
use to solve problems or
invent useful tools

3. Science is the purist of knowledge in the natural
world through systematic observation and
experiments.
Technology is the application of those
scientifically gained knowledge for practical
purposes.
Scientist uses technology in all their
experiments.

4.  Alter the way people live, connect, communicate and transact with
profound effect on economic development.
 Drivers of development due to technological and scientific revolutions
economy advances, health system improved, education literacy
increases and infrastructure are strengthened.
 The technological revolution of the 21st century are emerging from
entirely new sector, based on microprocessor, telecommunications,
Nano-technology and bio-technology products.
 Poverty decreases in developing countries
 It intervenes with cognitive development, proton cancer therapy and
genetic engineering

5.  The sum total of our
interactions as humans.
 A group of individuals
involved in persistent social
interaction, or a large social
group sharing the same
geographical or social
territory, typically subject to
the same authority and
dominant cultural
expectations.

6. Science and Technology and Society is the
study of how society, politics, and culture
affects scientific research and technological
innovation and how these in turn affect society,
politics and culture.

7. STS is a relatively recent discipline originating in the
60’s and 70’s following Kuhn’s “The Structure of
Scientific Revolution” in 1962.
STS was the result of a sociological turn in science
studies.
STS makes the assumption that science and
technology are essentially intertwined and are
profoundly social and political


8.  Science and Technology has some effect to the society in general,
and those impacts can be visible sometimes.
 Science and Technology makes life on an individual easier by
making machineries and devices that will help and assist their
concerns.
 Science influences society through its knowledge and world view.
Scientific knowledge and the procedures used by scientists
influences the way many individuals in society think abut
themselves, others and their environment. The effect of science
on society is neither beneficial nor entirely detrimental.

9. There are social influences on the
direction and emphasis of scientific
and Technological Development
through pressure group on specific
issues and through generally accepted
social views, values and priorities.

10. The main managing agency responsible for science and
technology in the Philippines is the Department of Science
and Technology (DOST)

11.  Even before the colonization by the
Spaniards, the natives of the Archipelago
already had practices linked to science and
technology.
 Filipinos were already aware of the medicinal
and Therapeutic properties of plants and the
methods of extracting medicines from herbs.
 Filipinos also already had an alphabet, a
number system, a weighing and measuring
system and a calendar.
 Filipinos were already engaged in farming,
Shipbuilding, mining and weaving.
 The Banaue rice terraces are among the
sophisticated products of engineering by pre-
Spanish Era natives.

12.  The Colonization of the
Archipelago contributed growth of
science and technology.
 The Spanish introduced formal
education and founded scientific
institutions.
 Sanitation and more advanced
agricultures were taught during the
Spanish regime.
 During the colonization, college
and universities were established,
the Unibesidad ng Santo Tomas is
included.

13. The Galleon Trade have
accounted in the Philippine
colonial economy.
Filipinos were able to study
in Europe who were
probably influenced by the
rapid development of
scientific Ideas brought by
the age of enlightenment.

14.  On July 1, 1901, the Philippine
Commission established the
Bureau of Government
Laboratories which was placed
under the Department of
Interior. The Bureau replaced
the Laboratorio Municipal, which
was established under the
Spanish colonial era. The
bureau dealt with the study of
tropical disease and Laboratory
Projects.
 On October 26, 1905, the
Bureau of government
laboratories was replaced by
the Bureau of Science and on
December 8. 1933, the National
Research Council of the
Philippines was established.

15.  During the 1970’s, which was under the rule of president Marcos, the
importance given to science grew.
 Under the 1973 Philippine constitution, article XV, Section 1 the
governments role in supporting science research and supporting
Scientific Research and Inventions was acknowledge.
 In 1974, a science development program, was included in the
governments four year development Plan

17. A Typical Example or
pattern of something.
A distinct set of concepts
or thought patterns,
including theories,
research Methods,
postulates and standards
for what constitutes
legitimate contributions to
a field.

18. A fundamental Change in approach in underlying
assumptions
A concept identified by the American Physicist Thomas
Kuhn
A fundamental change in the basic concept and
experimental practices of a scientific discipline. Kuhn
presented his notion of a paradigm shift in his influential
book, “The Structure of Scientific Revolution”

19. Paradigm shift is another expression for
more significant changes within belief
system.
Within philosophy of science this concept
is sometimes considered important and is
sometimes given great attention with
education

20. Thomas Samuel Kuhn
(1922 - 1996)
Was an American
Physicist, Historian and
philosopher of science
whose controversial 1962
book “The Structure of
Scientific Revolution” was
influential in both
academic and popular
circles.

21.  A simple Cycle of Progress
Described by Kuhn in 1962
in his seminal work “The
Structure of Scientific
Revolution”.
 In Structure Kuhn Challenge
the worlds’ current
conception of science which
was that it was a steady
progression of the
accumulation of new ideas.

23. The pre-step to the main Kuhn’s Cycle. In
Prescience there is not yet a model of
understanding mature enough to solve the
fields main problem.
The field has no workable paradigm to
successfully guide it works

24. Identified and elaborated by Thomas Samunel
Kuhn in The Structure of scientific revolution is
the regular work of scientist theorizing,
observing and experimenting within a settled
paradigm or explanatory framework.
Where the field has scientifically based model
of understanding that works.

25. The model of understanding
starts to drift, due tot
accumulation of anomalies and
phenomenon in which the
model cannot explain

26. The most important steps in Kuhn’s cycle
The model drift becomes so excessive the
model is broken.
It can no longer serves as a reliable guide
to problem solving. Attempt to patch the
model to make it work fail. The Field is in
anguish.

27. Begins when serious candidates for a new model
emerges. It is a revolution because the new model
is so radically different from the old one.
A field model of understanding is undergoing
revolutionally change. The Old Model failed, which
causes the model Crisis Step. The model
Revolution Step begins when one or more
competing new models emerges from the crisis.

28. Also called paradigm Shift, earlier steps have created
new models of understanding.
In the paradigm changes steps the new paradigm is
taught to new comers to the field as well as those
already in it.
When the new paradigm becomes generally accepted
guide to ones work, the step is complete.
The field is now back to the normal science steps and
Kuhn’s Cycle is complete

29. From Slavery is acceptable to being unacceptable
Corporal Punishment is allowed in Nurturing Children to
now it is not allowed by the law
From Husband doing the work to both parents doing the
work
From the Catholic Religious Community monopolizing Faith
to Islam equalizing everything
Music preferences Shifts Multiple times in the past Century