The document provides background information on the Indian subcontinent. It describes the subcontinent as a mini continent located in southern Asia that includes Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Maldives. It discusses the geographical features like the Himalayas and Hindukush mountains. It notes how geography affected migration and languages. It also discusses the importance of trade routes and invasions throughout the subcontinent's history. Finally, it provides details on the Indus Valley Civilization such as their agriculture-based economy, irrigation systems, pottery, and social hierarchy.

2. The Subcontinent By: Annie Azam
History and Background

3. Introduction of the Sub-continent
• Mini Continent
• Located in the Southern region of Asia
• Subcontient includes Pakistan, India, Bangladesh,
Nepal, Bhutan, Srilanka and Maldives.

4. Geographical Location
• Himalayas to the North
• Hindukush to the west
• Arabian Sea to the Sout-west

5. Map of the Sub-continent

6. Size and Area
• Total Area covered is 4.4 million KM2

7. Geographical affects
• Geography affected the migration route and
languages of the people living in Sub-
continent.

8. Importance of Sub-continent in the World
• It connects several parts of Asia and the world.
• Ancient Trade routes
• Ancient routes led to various invasions.
• Economic corridor of CPEC, Today.

9. The beginning of Indus valley
civilization

10. Prominient features of indus
valley civilization
 Agriculture was their main economic activity.
 They had irrigation systems.
 They had pottery and jewelry making.
 Their houses made up of clay and bricks.

11.  Their leaders were priests and kings.
 Their religion was animism and polytheism. They worshiped
many gods , some of them which resemble animals.
 Their social classes were the ruling classes who lived inside
the citadels; the farmers and traders lived outside the
citadels.

12. Persian Empire in
subcontinent
Presented by:
Bareera Tariq
DP04-F016-15

13. Introduction
• Achaemenian empire was the first Persian empire
• The first empire to rule the subcontinent
• Largest empire of ancient time

14. Cyrus the
great (538
BC)
Darius I (522-
486 BC)
Xerxes I
(485-465 BC)
Darius III
(326 BC)

15. Conclusion
• Achmaenian empire 522-326 BC
• Ruled for almost 200 years
• Persian empire in subcontinent fell.

17. INTRODUCTION
The mughal empire was the second largest to have
existed in the indian subcontinent, spanning 4 million
square liometers at its zenith.
The first mughal ruler was zagheer ud din muhammad
babur, who snatched dnyasty from sher sah suri
First mughal emperor 1526-1530 Babur
Last mughal emperor 1837-1857

18. Rulers of mughal empire
• Babur
• Humayun
• Akbar
• Jahangir
• Shah jahan
• Aurangzaib
• Bahadur shah I
• Bahadur shah II

19. Influence of mughal over Subcontinent
• A major contribution to indian subcontinent was their unique
Architecture.
• Shah jahan played unique role in work of architecture
• Taj mahal , one of the best example

21. • Centralized , imperialistic giovernment which brought together
many smaller kingdoms
• Persian art and culture amalgamated with indian art and culture
• New trade routes to arab and turkic lands

22. • The development of mughlai cuisine
• Landscape and mughal gardening

23. Science and technology
• Astronomy (humayun)
• Alchemy ( sake dean mahomed)
• Techonlogy ( Fathullah shirazi , a persian polymath and
mechanical engineer developed volley gun)
•

32. HISTORY AND ETHNIC
RELATIONS
(Emergence of the nations)

33.  Early settlers came before 500 B.C.E from Sri Lanka and southern
India.
 Maldivians were buddists but in twelfth century Islam was
proclaimed as their national religion.
MALDIVES

34.  All historic records of early bhutan wre destroyed by
fire,flood,earthquake and war.
 It was buddist nation.
BHUTAN

35.  This nation came into existence by Prithvi Narayan Shah’s
conquest.
 In the beginning it was twice the size of modern Nepal but due to
territorial clashes with Chinese and the British it pushed the
borders back to the current configuration.
Nepal

36.  It was inhibited as early as 10,000 B.C.E
 It had Indo-Aryan language and some version of Brahmanism.
Sri Lanka

37.  It was part of number of important political entities
including Indian Empires, Buddist Kingdoms, The Mughal
Empire, The British Empire and The Pakistani nation.
Bangladesh

38.  Pakistan today has many interesting Buddist sites and
historical notes which proves its part in the history.
Pakistan

39.  It was the birthplace of Hinduism, Buddism, Jainism and Sikhism
collectively known as Indian religions.
India
Hinduism Buddism Jainism Sikhism