Download to read offline
![• Windows
• [ Windows XP] →
• [ Windows 7 ] →
• Mac OS X
• /Applications /Library
Frameworks R. framework CleanApp
Friday, February 10, 12 27](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-25-320.jpg)
![• [Enter]
• > 3+5 [Enter]
• > 10-3 [Enter]
• > 2*3 [Enter]
• > 100/20 [Enter]
• > (12 + 34 -56) * 78 / 90 [Enter]
Friday, February 10, 12 36](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-34-320.jpg)
![+ ...
• [Enter]
• [STOP]
• [Esc]
Friday, February 10, 12 54](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-52-320.jpg)
![2 → demo[2,]
2 → demo[,2]
http://gyazo.com/6726084afd9e1cc4b03df85fe6bc0f29.png
Friday, February 10, 12 94](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-92-320.jpg)
![2 4
→ demo[c(2,4),]
2 4
→ demo[, c(2,4)]
Friday, February 10, 12 95](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-93-320.jpg)
![1. demo.csv
• XLS/XLSX
• CSV UTF-8
2. > test <- read.csv(“demo.csv”)
3. > test [Enter]
Friday, February 10, 12 113](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-111-320.jpg)
![1. demo.xls
2. > test2 <- read.delim("clipboard")
Mac : read.delim(pipe(“pbpaste”))
3. > test2 [Enter]
Friday, February 10, 12 116](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-114-320.jpg)
![> table(test2[,1])
• 1
> mean(test2[,2])
• 2
> hist(test2[,2])
• 2
Friday, February 10, 12 117](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-115-320.jpg)
![: “ ”
“however”
109 347 8 493
[ ] , ....
[ ] ..., , ....
[ ] ..., .
Friday, February 10, 12 152](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/hiroshimar2-2-120210020911-phpapp01/85/HiRoshima-R-2-150-320.jpg)
Uploaded bySAKAUE, Tatsuya
HiRoshima.R #2 入門者講習資料
This document appears to be notes from an R training session. It introduces some basic R functions and operations including: how to do simple math calculations in R, using functions like sqrt() and log(), combining values into a vector using c(), and summarizing or exploring vector data using functions like summary(), table(), mean(), and sd(). It also covers installing and starting R, and finding help resources for R.
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HiRoshima.R #2 入門者講習資料
- 1. Hi oshima. 2012-02-11 HiRoshima.R #2 @ Friday, February 10, 12 1
- 2.
- 3. 0. • (SAKAUE, Tatsuya) • : ... • Nagoya.R / HiRoshima.R • ID: sakaue • ... Friday, February 10, 12 4
- 4.
- 5. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 7
- 6. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 8
- 7. • • Ross Ihaka & Robert Gentleman (R & R) • Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman. R: A language for data analysis and graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, 5(3):299-314, 1996. • http://biostat.mc.vanderbilt.edu/twiki/pub/Main/Je reyHorner/JCGSR.pdf • Friday, February 10, 12 9
- 8. Friday, February 10,12 10
- 9. • IBM SPSS Statistics 10 ... • • Friday, February 10, 12 11
- 10. • • • • • Friday, February 10, 12 12
- 11.
- 12. Excel SPSS ... • • • Excel • Friday, February 10, 12 14
- 13. Excel SPSS Friday, February 10, 12 15
- 14. -Install / Update/ Uninstall- Friday, February 10, 12 16
- 15. 1. http://www.r-project.org/ 2. “download R” 3. JAPAN 4. OS Friday, February 10, 12 17
- 16. • Windows: :http://cran.md.tsukuba.ac.jp/bin/windows/base/ • Download R 2.14.0 for Windows • Mac OS X: http://cran.md.tsukuba.ac.jp/bin/macosx/ • R-2.14.0.pkg (latest version) Friday, February 10, 12 18
- 17. Friday, February 10,12 19
- 18. Friday, February 10,12 20
- 19. Friday, February 10,12 21
- 20. Friday, February 10,12 22
- 21. Friday, February 10,12 23
- 22. Friday, February 10,12 24
- 23. 1. http://www.r-project.org/ 2. 3. Friday, February 10, 12 25
- 24. • • • Windows • Friday, February 10, 12 26
- 25. • Windows • [ Windows XP] → • [ Windows 7 ] → • Mac OS X • /Applications /Library Frameworks R. framework CleanApp Friday, February 10, 12 27
- 26. • Windows • START → Program → R → R 2.14.1 • Mac OS X • /Applications R R Friday, February 10, 12 28
- 27. • Windows Mac OS X 1. q() 2. 3. R Friday, February 10, 12 29
- 28. ... • help(sth) • seekR (http://seekr.jp/) • R SEEK (http://www.rseek.org/) • RjpWiki (http://www.okada.jp.org/RWiki/) • R-Tips (http://cse.naro.a rc.go.jp/takezawa/r-tips/r.html) •R (http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/R/) Friday, February 10, 12 30
- 29. • • • help(sth) !! Friday, February 10, 12 31
- 30. Excel SPSS Friday, February 10, 12 32
- 31. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 33
- 32. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 34
- 33. Friday, February 10,12 35
- 34. • [Enter] • > 3+5 [Enter] • > 10-3 [Enter] • > 2*3 [Enter] • > 100/20 [Enter] • > (12 + 34 -56) * 78 / 90 [Enter] Friday, February 10, 12 36
- 35. • • > 100^1/2 • > 100^(1/2) Friday, February 10, 12 37
- 36. Friday, February 10,12 38
- 37. Friday, February 10,12 39
- 38. Friday, February 10,12 40
- 39. “I don't know!” by fmgbain http://www.flickr.com/photos/fmgbain/4382010455/ Friday, February 10, 12 41
- 40. Friday, February 10,12 42
- 41. sqrt() • > sqrt(2) • > sqrt(144) • > sqrt(104976) Friday, February 10, 12 43
- 42. ( ) • •q() help(sth) • Friday, February 10, 12 44
- 43. Friday, February 10,12 45
- 44. Friday, February 10,12 46
- 45. Friday, February 10,12 47
- 46. Friday, February 10,12 48
- 47. Friday, February 10,12 49
- 48. “I don't know!” by fmgbain http://www.flickr.com/photos/fmgbain/4382010455/ Friday, February 10, 12 50
- 49. Friday, February 10,12 51
- 50. “hako” • > hako <- c(1,2,3,4,5) • > hako • c() concatenate/combine • Friday, February 10, 12 52
- 51. c() “<-” hako <- c(1,2,3,4,5) “<-” ← Friday, February 10, 12 53
- 52. + ... • [Enter] • [STOP] • [Esc] Friday, February 10, 12 54
- 53. • • Tab Friday, February 10, 12 55
- 54. hako 1 5 5 Friday, February 10, 12 56
- 55. Friday, February 10,12 57
- 56. • > sqrt(hako) • > log(hako) Friday, February 10, 12 58
- 57. sqrt(1), sqrt(2) ...sqrt(5) log(1), log (2) ... log (5) Friday, February 10, 12 59
- 58. Friday, February 10,12 60
- 59. Friday, February 10,12 61
- 60. • summary() • table() • sum() • length() Friday, February 10, 12 62
- 61. • mean() • max(), min() • median() • sd() Friday, February 10, 12 63
- 62. •R • • q(), help(), sqrt(), log(), c() • Friday, February 10, 12 64
- 63.
- 64. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 66
- 65. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 67
- 66. Sub topics 1. 2. 3. Friday, February 10, 12 68
- 67. Friday, February 10,12 69
- 68. Friday, February 10,12 70
- 69. ... • • • TOEIC Friday, February 10, 12 71
- 70. ... A 180 75 B 170 65 C 165 60 D 175 70 E 190 80 Friday, February 10, 12 72
- 71.
- 72. Friday, February 10,12 74
- 73. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 75
- 74. Friday, February 10,12 76
- 75. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 77
- 76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 78
- 77. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 79
- 78. Friday, February 10,12 80
- 79. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 81
- 80. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 82
- 81. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 83
- 82. Friday, February 10,12 84
- 83.
- 84. matrix() • • matrix( , , ) • Friday, February 10, 12 86
- 85. A 180 75 B 170 65 C 165 60 D 175 70 E 190 80 Friday, February 10, 12 87
- 86. karada <- matrix(c(180,170, 165, 175, 190, 75, 65, 60, 70, 80), 5, 2) 1. c() 2. matrix() • 5 2 3. karada Friday, February 10, 12 88
- 87. > karada Friday, February10, 12 89
- 88. matrix(1:9,nrow=3,ncol=3) 1 4 7 2 5 8 3 6 9 Friday, February 10, 12 90
- 89. matrix(1:9,nrow=3,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Friday, February 10, 12 91
- 90. 1. 2. Friday, February 10, 12 92
- 91. demo <- matrix(1:30,nrow=5,ncol=6) http://gyazo.com/76c58d5d6c8426a44f160897cda99671.png Friday, February 10, 12 93
- 92. 2 → demo[2,] 2 → demo[,2] http://gyazo.com/6726084afd9e1cc4b03df85fe6bc0f29.png Friday, February 10, 12 94
- 93. 2 4 → demo[c(2,4),] 2 4 → demo[, c(2,4)] Friday, February 10, 12 95
- 94.
- 95. • • • Friday, February 10, 12 97
- 96. Sub topics 1. 2. 3. Friday, February 10, 12 98
- 97. • • • Friday, February 10, 12 99
- 98. B 175 65 B 177 70 B 174 75 A 179 70 O 170 60 Friday, February 10, 12 100
- 99. • Excel WS • • Friday, February 10, 12 101
- 100. ... • data.frame() (p.240) • (p.243) • (p.243) Friday, February 10, 12 102
- 101. ... Friday, February 10,12 103
- 102. “173.365 - Comeon, feel the noise” by Je the Trojan http://www. ickr.com/photos/trojanguy/3046207115/ Friday, February 10, 12 104
- 103. Friday, February 10,12 105
- 104. Sub topics 1. 2. 3. Friday, February 10, 12 106
- 105. Friday, February 10,12 107
- 106. ... • Excel • → Friday, February 10, 12 108
- 107. • ... • • Friday, February 10, 12 109
- 108. • Windows → • “MyDocuments” • Mac OS X → • Linux up to you... Friday, February 10, 12 110
- 109. • • getwd() • > getwd() • setwd() • > setwd("/Users/sakaue/Desktop/") Friday, February 10, 12 111
- 110. • read.csv() • CSV • CSV: Comma Separated Value Friday, February 10, 12 112
- 111. 1. demo.csv • XLS/XLSX • CSV UTF-8 2. > test <- read.csv(“demo.csv”) 3. > test [Enter] Friday, February 10, 12 113
- 112. CSV ... Friday, February 10, 12 114
- 113. • read.delim() • • delim: delimiter Friday, February 10, 12 115
- 114. 1. demo.xls 2. > test2 <- read.delim("clipboard") Mac : read.delim(pipe(“pbpaste”)) 3. > test2 [Enter] Friday, February 10, 12 116
- 115. > table(test2[,1]) • 1 > mean(test2[,2]) • 2 > hist(test2[,2]) • 2 Friday, February 10, 12 117
- 116. • • CSV read.csv() • or Friday, February 10, 12 118
- 117. CSV Excel “y2.d175 | Lasershow! Relax!” by B Rosen http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosengrant/4751386872/ Friday, February 10, 12 119
- 118. Excel SPSS Friday, February 10, 12 120
- 119. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 121
- 120. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 122
- 121. Friday, February 10,12 123
- 122. Friday, February 10,12 124
- 123. 1. 2. Friday, February 10, 12 125
- 124. 2 Excel SPSS ... orz Friday, February 10, 12 126
- 125. Friday, February 10,12 127
- 126. > age <-c(18, 23, 14, 19, 21, 29, 22, 21, 23, 19, 20, 20, 26, 18, 14, 6, 8, 16, 23, 20) > hist(age) Friday, February 10, 12 128
- 127. Friday, February 10,12 129
- 128. > score <-c(60, 50, 72, 43, 50, 55, 43, 50, 85, 40) > words <- c(340, 190, 465, 170, 130, 225,140, 310, 580, 120) > plot(score,words) Friday, February 10, 12 130
- 129. Friday, February 10,12 131
- 130. > high <-c(350, 285, 315, 340, 210, 185, 120, 740, 425, 155) > coll <- c(365, 570, 645, 540, 645, 665, 880, 550, 410, 585) > boxplot(high, coll, names=c("High", "Coll")) Friday, February 10, 12 132
- 131. 1. 2. 3. twitter, FB Friday, February 10, 12 133
- 132. Excel “y2.d175 | Lasershow! Relax!” by B Rosen http://www.flickr.com/photos/rosengrant/4751386872/ Friday, February 10, 12 134
- 133. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 135
- 134. Agenda 1. R 2. 3. 4. 5. R Friday, February 10, 12 136
- 135. Friday, February 10,12 137
- 136. t Friday, February 10,12 138
- 137. t Friday, February 10,12 139
- 138. • H0 • H1 • H0 (t, χ2, F ) • Friday, February 10, 12 140
- 139. t • •R t.test() Friday, February 10, 12 141
- 140. t • > like <- c(6,10,6,10,7,8,7,9,10,4) > dislike <- c(3,5,6,4,4,8,4,5,4,7) > t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=TRUE) Friday, February 10, 12 142
- 141. t > t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=TRUE) Two Sample t-test data: like and dislike t = 3.3041, df = 18, p-value = 0.003946 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 # 95 percent confidence interval: # 0.9831754 4.4168246 sample estimates: mean of x mean of y 7.7 5.0 Friday, February 10, 12 143
- 142. t ... “ t Welch t Welch t ” http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/lecture/Average/bunsan1.html Friday, February 10, 12 144
- 143. Welch ! Friday, February10, 12 145
- 144. ! ! ― Welch ― • http://oku.edu.mie-u.ac.jp/~okumura/blog/node/2262 • http://aoki2.si.gunma-u.ac.jp/lecture/BF/index.html • Donald W. Zimmerman, ``Some properties of preliminary tests of equality of variances in the two-sample location problem'', The Journal of General Psychology, Vol.123, pp. 217-231 (1996) • The unequal variance t-test is an underused alternative to Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney U test -- Ruxton 17 (4): 688 -- Behavioral Ecology • : Mann-Whitney U http://qdai.way- nifty.com/qjes/2005/02/mannwhitneyu.html Friday, February 10, 12 146
- 145. ... > t.test(like,dislike,var.equal=FALSE) Welch Two Sample t-test data: like and dislike t = 3.3041, df = 16.795, p-value = 0.004249 alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is not equal to 0 95 percent confidence interval: 0.9743014 4.4256986 sample estimates: mean of x mean of y 7.7 5.0 Friday, February 10, 12 147
- 146. t t ... • t t ... • Student t t • s^2 s t ... • http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A3%E3%83%AA %E3%82%A2%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B4%E3%82%BB%E3%83%83%E3%83%88 • http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%87%AA%E7%94%B1%E5%BA%A6 • http://mat.isc.chubu.ac.jp/fpr/fpr1997/0119.html • http://www.pol.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp/~hanawa/ori/ori/054.html Friday, February 10, 12 148
- 147. t Friday, February 10,12 149
- 148. Friday, February 10,12 150
- 149. • • • A B • Friday, February 10, 12 151
- 150. : “ ” “however” 109 347 8 493 [ ] , .... [ ] ..., , .... [ ] ..., . Friday, February 10, 12 152
- 151. > freq <-c(109,347,8) > chisq.test(freq,correct=FALSE) Chi-squared test for given probabilities data: freq X-squared = 391.7371, df = 2, p-value < 2.2e-16 # 2 # http://homepage2.nifty.com/nandemoarchive/toukei_kiso/t_F_chi.htm Friday, February 10, 12 153
- 152. t Friday, February 10,12 154
- 153. Friday, February 10,12 155
- 154. •3 • t • ANOVA ANalysis Of VAriance •F F Friday, February 10, 12 156
- 155. A B C 10 9 6 8 7 4 9 4 3 6 5 9 9 2 2 5 8 6 7 4 2 9 2 4 8 8 3 10 4 9 Friday, February 10, 12 157
- 156. > test <-read.csv("demo.csv", head=T) > anova(lm(Class ~ Score, data=test)) Analysis of Variance Table Response: Class Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F) Score 1 5.2389 5.2389 9.9376 0.00384 ** Residuals 28 14.7611 0.5272 --- Signif. codes: 0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1 Friday, February 10, 12 158
- 157. • • t • • ! • ... Friday, February 10, 12 159
- 158. Friday, February 10,12 160
- 159. Friday, February 10,12 161
- 160. Friday, February 10,12 162
- 161. Friday, February 10,12 163
- 162. 2,940 1,785 3,780 Friday, February 10, 12 164
- 163. One more thing... Friday,February 10, 12 165
- 164. 22 19 R R R R http://www.occn.zaq.ne.jp/cuhxr802/epi_20120126.pdf Friday, February 10, 12 166
- 165. Excel SPSS Friday, February 10, 12 167
- 166. twitter: @sakaue e-mail: tsakaue<AT>hiroshima-u.ac.jp Friday, February 10, 12 168