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Table of Contents - June 2021, Volume 12, Number 3sipij
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal is an Open Access peer-reviewed journal intended for researchers from academia and industry, who are active in the multidisciplinary field of signal & image processing. The scope of the journal covers all theoretical and practical aspects of the Digital Signal Processing & Image processing, from basic research to development of application.
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EOS in MEDIC presented in Thailand, Dr NGUYEN VAN CONG, MEDIC MEDICAL CENTERhungnguyenthien
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Table of Contents - June 2021, Volume 12, Number 3sipij
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal is an Open Access peer-reviewed journal intended for researchers from academia and industry, who are active in the multidisciplinary field of signal & image processing. The scope of the journal covers all theoretical and practical aspects of the Digital Signal Processing & Image processing, from basic research to development of application.
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EOS in MEDIC presented in Thailand, Dr NGUYEN VAN CONG, MEDIC MEDICAL CENTERhungnguyenthien
advantages from using EOS system at Medic Center Vietnam in comparison to older method of film stitching in cases of scoliosis, inferior extremity disorders, 3D view of vertebral column, hip joint, knee joint.
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
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O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Hip knee condylar angle
1.
2.
3. A new software for the measurementA new software for the measurement
of the hip-knee condylar angleof the hip-knee condylar angle
Mr.Mubarak M.F.A. KerimMr.Mubarak M.F.A. Kerim
Associate ProfessorAssociate Professor
Consultant 0rthopaedic SurgeonConsultant 0rthopaedic Surgeon
Khartoum North Teaching HospitalKhartoum North Teaching Hospital
MBBS MCh Orth(UK) FRCSI FRCSEd FRSM(UK)MBBS MCh Orth(UK) FRCSI FRCSEd FRSM(UK)
4. IntroductionIntroduction
Osteoarthritis of the knee is a majorOsteoarthritis of the knee is a major
problemproblem
Total knee Arthroplasty is theTotal knee Arthroplasty is the
ultimate treatment.ultimate treatment.
Success & longevity depends onSuccess & longevity depends on
many factorsmany factors
Aims of TKA:Aims of TKA:
• Relief of painRelief of pain
• Restore alignmentRestore alignment
5. Technical AspectsTechnical Aspects
Restoration of mechanical alignment.Restoration of mechanical alignment.
Preservation of joint line.Preservation of joint line.
Balanced ligaments.Balanced ligaments.
Radiological evaluation is essentialRadiological evaluation is essential
for follow-upfor follow-up
6.
7. The concept of ideal alignment inThe concept of ideal alignment in
total knee arthroplasty has beentotal knee arthroplasty has been
stressed by many authors.stressed by many authors.
InsallInsall et al.et al. (1985) recommended to(1985) recommended to
err on the valgus angle.err on the valgus angle.
Peterson & Engh (1988)Peterson & Engh (1988)
recommended a line passing throughrecommended a line passing through
the middle of the prosthesisthe middle of the prosthesis
8. Ideal Alignment in TKRIdeal Alignment in TKR
RitterRitter et al.et al. (1994) recommended a(1994) recommended a
slight amount of valgus or neutralslight amount of valgus or neutral
alignment.alignment.
MaquetMaquet et al.et al. (1972) defined the(1972) defined the
alignment as a straight line from thealignment as a straight line from the
centre of the femoral head to thecentre of the femoral head to the
centre of the talus, passing throughcentre of the talus, passing through
the centre of the knee.the centre of the knee.
9. Methods used to measure angles ofMethods used to measure angles of
alignmentalignment
Two methodsTwo methods
• Conventional manual methodConventional manual method
• Computerized methodComputerized method
10. Conventional methodConventional method
Too tediousToo tedious
Time consumingTime consuming
Limitations of goniometryLimitations of goniometry
Inherited inaccuraciesInherited inaccuracies
• Positioning problemsPositioning problems
• DeformityDeformity
• Lack of standardizationLack of standardization
• ParallaxParallax
11. Computerized methodComputerized method
Easy, inexpensiveEasy, inexpensive
Converts radiological images intoConverts radiological images into
clinical dataclinical data
Data can be stored & retrievedData can be stored & retrieved
Ability to manipulate imageAbility to manipulate image
ReproducibleReproducible
Allows non-medically qualifiedAllows non-medically qualified
personnel to measure angles.personnel to measure angles.
12.
13. MaterialsMaterials
Sixty radiological films of the knees afterSixty radiological films of the knees after
TKR done by me as specialist registrarTKR done by me as specialist registrar
(short films) were selected randomly.(short films) were selected randomly.
Personal ComputerPersonal Computer
ScannerScanner
X-ray analyser softwareX-ray analyser software
14.
15.
16. MethodMethod
Films scanned, digitized & stored TIFFilms scanned, digitized & stored TIF
Two sets of readings, two weeksTwo sets of readings, two weeks
interval – single observerinterval – single observer
Select 4 points on the imageSelect 4 points on the image
• Two on the lower edge of the femoralTwo on the lower edge of the femoral
componentcomponent
• Two on the upper edge of the tibialTwo on the upper edge of the tibial
componentcomponent
17. Method continuedMethod continued
Draw a box on the femur as farDraw a box on the femur as far
proximally as the X-ray allowsproximally as the X-ray allows
Click on the analyserClick on the analyser
18. Computerised routineComputerised routine
The grey scale 0-256.The grey scale 0-256.
. Precision of measurements depends on degree of. Precision of measurements depends on degree of
resolutionresolution
Digitised x-ray with the grey values over theDigitised x-ray with the grey values over the
image, anatomical features still identified on it.image, anatomical features still identified on it.
Algorithm used for automatic identification ofAlgorithm used for automatic identification of
boundaries between bone and soft tissue.boundaries between bone and soft tissue.
Within an area the computer detects bony edges.Within an area the computer detects bony edges.
19.
20.
21. ResultsResults
Results obtained were named readingResults obtained were named reading
1 and reading 21 and reading 2
The pairedThe paired tt-test and Pearson-test and Pearson’’ss
correlation were used to analyse thecorrelation were used to analyse the
results.results.
22. ResultsResults
Readings were named reading 1 & 2Readings were named reading 1 & 2
The paired t-test and PearsonThe paired t-test and Pearson’’ss
correlation were used to analysecorrelation were used to analyse
results.results.
23. Paired sample statisticsPaired sample statistics
Mean of reading 1 is 9.789Mean of reading 1 is 9.789
Mean of reading 2 is 10.112Mean of reading 2 is 10.112
Mean of difference is 0.324Mean of difference is 0.324
Minimum difference is 0.167Minimum difference is 0.167
Maximum difference is 3.13Maximum difference is 3.13
STD of mean difference is 1.214STD of mean difference is 1.214
T-test is 0.937T-test is 0.937
Pearson correlation 0.999Pearson correlation 0.999
Confidence interval is 2.055Confidence interval is 2.055
27. DiscussionDiscussion
Computer reduces errors arising fromComputer reduces errors arising from
subjective component of conventionalsubjective component of conventional
method.method.
This method automatically determines theThis method automatically determines the
long axis of the bone.long axis of the bone.
Cost is reduced by using personalCost is reduced by using personal
computer.computer.
Image manipulation does not substituteImage manipulation does not substitute
for poor quality x-rays.for poor quality x-rays.
Visual feedback is important in certainVisual feedback is important in certain
situations.situations.
30. ConclusionConclusion
Computerized method is preciseComputerized method is precise
ReliableReliable
In-expensiveIn-expensive
Can enable non-medically qualified personnel toCan enable non-medically qualified personnel to
measure angles and distances in TKRmeasure angles and distances in TKR
Matches all knee scoresMatches all knee scores
31. LimitationsLimitations
Positioning of the limb.Positioning of the limb.
Morphological factors.Morphological factors.
Quality of radiographsQuality of radiographs