This document contains tables and information about female education statistics in India from 1881-2001, with a focus on the states of West Bengal, Assam, and Punjab. It includes data on expenditures, student enrollment numbers, and faculty-level enrollment broken down by state, province, and time period. The data shows trends in female education over time as well as disparities between states and regions. Constitutional provisions related to equality and women's rights are also outlined.

1. Poulami Aich Mukherjee
mepoulami@gmail.com
2009

2.  The University Grants Commission: Annual Reports
 The Ministry of Human Resource Developments : Selected
Educational Statistics
 National Sample Survey Organization
 Census of India

3.  Selected Educational Statistics (SES):
 Includes distant education enrolment
 National Sample Survey (NSS):
 Includes non-formal, private and diploma and certificate courses.
 Census of India:
 Includes non-formal, private and diploma and certificate courses.
 University Grants Commission (UGC):
 Includes directly collected data from colleges.

4. Province
Female
Population(in
millions)
Per capita
expenditure
per annum
(in rupee)
% of girls
under
instruction
Bengal 34.9 0.006 0.10
Assam 2.38 0.003 0.04
Punjab 8.64 0.012 0.07
Table-I
Expenditure on Female Education (1881-1882)
per annum per capita in Bengal, Assam and Punjab

5. Province 1881-82 1886-87 1891-92 1896-97
Bengal 6 4 24 33
Assam - - - -
Punjab - - 2 5
India 6 5 44 87
Table II
Total Number of Female Students in Colleges (1881-1896)

6. Province 1901-02 1906-07 1911-12 1915-16
Bengal 55 24 81 126
Assam - - - 20
Punjab - - - 1
India 169 128 257 457
Table III
Total Number of Female Students in Colleges (1901-1916)

7. Provinces
1881-
882
1886-
1887
1891-
1892
1896-
1897
1901-
1902
1906-
1907
1911-
1912
1915-
1916
Bengal 6 4 24 33 55 24 81 126
Assam - - - - - - - 1
Punjab - - - - - - - 20
India 6 5 44 87 177 160 279 489
Table IV
Girls in Public Arts Colleges (1881-1916)

8. Table V
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment (2000-2001)
STATE UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
214990
(38.9%)
12665
(47.2%)
254
(59.8%)
653
(37.5%)
603
(33.1%)
229165
(39.3%)
Assam 73252
(41.1%)
3676
(42.4%)
56
(37.1%)
146
(32.8%)
118
(29.6%)
77248
(41.1%)
Punjab 105410
(52.1%)
11325
(64.7%)
44
(72.1%)
146
(40.1%)
1874
(41.6%)
118799
(52.9%)
India 2943807
(39.3%)
315236
(40.7%)
5359
(44.8%)
15277
(33.6%)
26731
(34.3%)
3306410
(39.4%)

9. State UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
151168
(50.3%)
8184
(59.1%)
224
(60.9%)
215
(48.6%)
231
(51.4%)
160022
(50.7%)
Assam 60534
(45.5%)
2524
(51.6%)
32
(45.7%)
71
(34.8%)
56
(35.2%)
63217
(45.7%)
Punjab 72386
(55.2%)
7143
(73.4%)
38
(73.1%)
33
(70.2%)
237
(47.5%)
79837
(56.4%)
India 1527089
(44.2%)
167753
(44.7%)
3200
(45.2%)
6268
(38.6%)
7700
(32.9%)
1712010
(44.2%)
Table VI
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Arts (2000-2001)

10. State UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
30062
(32.1%)
2315
(39.9%)
12
(44.4%)
353
(42.8%)
100
(27.9%)
32842
(32.6%)
Assam 6140
(29.4%)
732
(32.8%)
23
(33.8%)
58
(33.3%)
48
(32.4%)
6992
(29.8%)
Punjab 11873
(53.8%)
2141
(65.9%)
6
(66.7%)
54
(66.7%)
1019
(55.3%)
15093
(55.4%)
India 562151
(39.0%)
84673
(42.5%)
1493
(46.5%)
6056
(37.2%)
4396
(42.9%)
658769
(39.4%)
Table VII
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Science (2000-2001)

11. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
24155
(19.3%)
978
(26.8%)
18
(69.2%)
0 23
(37.1%)
25174
(19.5%)
Assam 2365
(21.4%)
189
(26.1%)
1
(10.0%)
7
(33.3%)
0 2562
(21.7%)
Punjab 11214
(48.4%)
980
(52.9%)
0 14
(38.9%)
153
(64.0%)
12361
(48.9%)
India 505999
(36.8%)
38846
(33.3%)
227
(38.4%)
419
(23.4%)
1851
(24.0%)
547342
(36.5%)
Table VIII
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Commerce (2000-2001)

12. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
3271
(47.7%)
14
(30.4%)
0 4
(80.0%)
0 3289
(47.5%)
Assam 1016
(46.1%)
38
(54.3%)
0 0 0 1054
(46.3%)
Punjab 2577
(70.5%)
156
(86.2%)
0 1
(100.0%)
0 2734
(71.2%)
India 52763
(51.4%)
2110
(47.3%)
84
(38.7%)
461
(47.7%)
505
(56.7%)
55923
(51.2%)
Table IX
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Education (2000-2001)

13. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
1137
(9.9%)
52
(7.3%)
0 23
(14.6%)
0 1212
(9.8%)
Assam 337
(11.3%)
7
(3.0%)
0 3
(21.4%)
11
(23.9%)
358
(10.9%)
Punjab 2513
(19.4%)
102
(23.7%)
0 7
(14.0%)
193
(14.6%)
2815
(19.1%)
India 118234
(21.8%)
3543
(15.8%)
44
(31.0%)
594
(16.5%)
1577
(17.4%)
123992
(21.5%)
Table X
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Engineering and Technology (2000-2001)

14. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
1365
(27.9%)
88
(15.9%)
0 0 119
( 21.8%)
1572
(26.2%)
Assam 809
(36.4%)
62
(35.6%)
0 0 2
(10.0%)
873
(36.1%)
Punjab 4312
(60.1%)
445
(39.3%)
0 2
(12.5%)
116
(29.7%)
4875
(56.0%)
India 102960
(45.5%)
7846
(34.4%)
73
(56.2%)
348
(29.3%)
4330
(34.8%)
115557
(44.0%)
Table XI
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Medicine (2000-2001)

15. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
112
(14.6%)
88
(18.0%)
0 37
(16.6%)
0 237
(15.9%)
Assam 216
(40.8%)
45
(27.6%)
0 5
(17.9%)
0 266
(36.9%)
Punjab 152
(26.4%)
104
(27.8%)
0 29
(30.5%)
23
(100.0%)
308
(28.8%)
India 6408
(17.2%)
1749
(18.8%)
4
(40.0%)
473
(14.6%)
139
(26.0%)
8773
(17.4%)
Table XII
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Agriculture (2000-2001)

16. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
16
(12.1%)
20
(18.5%)
0 3
(6.0%)
0 39
(13.4%)
Assam 178
(25.8%)
12
(33.3%)
0 1 0 191
(26.2%)
Punjab 76
(22.9%)
34
(21.5%)
0 5
(16.1%)
0 115
(22.1%)
India 2286
(21.6%)
419
(18.6%)
0 93
(14.5%)
40
(31.7%)
2838
(20.9%)
Table XIII
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Veterinary Science

17. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
1729
(35.4%)
25
(28.1%)
0 0 0 1754
(35.3%)
Assam 1560
(35.6%)
4
(9.3%)
0 0 0 1564
(35.3%)
Punjab 193
(24.7%)
19
(42.2%)
0 0 0 212
(25.6%)
India 50511
(19.7%)
1833
(28.8%)
3
(14.3%)
110
(22.6%)
880
(21.7%)
53337
(20.0%)
Table XIV
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Faculty of Law (2000-2001)

18. States UG PG MPHIL PHD D/C TOTAL
West
Bengal
1975
(47.0%)
901
(59.2%)
0 18
(43.9%)
130
(34.2%)
3024
(49.2%)
Assam 97
(48.7%)
72
(50.3%)
0 1
(50.0%)
1
(4.0%)
171
(46.0%)
Punjab 114
(41.2%)
201
(58.4%)
0 1
(25.0%)
133
(71.5%)
449
(55.4%)
India 15406
(33.0%)
6464
(39.9%)
231
(40.5%)
455
(45.0%)
5313
(55.8%)
27869
(37.7%)
Table XV
State Wise/Level Wise Women’s Enrolment
Other Faculties (2000-2001)

19.  Article 14: Men and women to have equal rights and
opportunities in the political, economic and
social spheres.
 Article 15(1): Prohibits discrimination against any citizen
on the grounds of religion, race, caste, sex etc.
 Article 15(3): Special provision enabling the State to
make affirmative discriminations in
favour of women.
 Article 16: Equality of opportunities in matter of
public appointments for all citizens.

20.  Article 39(a): The State shall direct its policy towards securing
all citizens men and women, equally, the right
to means of livelihood.
 Article 39(d): Equal pay for equal work for both men and
women.
 Article 42: The State to make provision for ensuring just and
humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
 Article 51 (A) (e): To renounce the practices derogatory to the
dignity of women.

21.  Regional
Inter-State disparities
Rural-urban
 Inequalities between Social Groups
Caste
Religion
Gender
 Inequalities between Economic Groups

22.  West Bengal, Assam and Punjab were the worst victims of partition and
migration with the Independence of India in 1947. All of these states had to
experience a severe political, social, cultural and emotional crisis.
 West Bengal, Assam and Punjab falls in the exceptionally high-density
Gangetic population zone that runs from the hills of Punjab to the Bay of
Bengal.
 West Bengal, Assam and Punjab has a strong historical legacy from the
ancient to modern period. All of these states were the most fertile zones of
Indian subcontinent.

23.  Mortality Inequality
 Natality Inequality
 Basic Facility Inequality
 Special Opportunity Inequality
 Professional Inequality
 Ownership Inequality
 Household Inequality