HPLC is a form of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the key components of an HPLC system, including the pump, injector, separation column, and detector. It explains how the different components of a mixture are separated through their interaction with the mobile and stationary phases in the column. The document also discusses various types of columns, detectors, and applications of HPLC in chemistry, biochemistry, and quality control.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the basic components of an HPLC system including the solvent delivery system, injector, column, and detector. It explains how samples are separated based on the differences in how components partition between the mobile and stationary phases. Various types of chromatography are also summarized, including partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. Factors that can affect separations like column parameters, instrument parameters, and sample parameters are outlined.
This document provides information about High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It defines HPLC as a technique that uses pumps to pass a pressurized liquid mobile phase through a column packed with adsorbent particles. This allows the separation of a sample mixture as its components interact differently with the stationary phase. The document outlines the basic components of an HPLC system including the sample injector, column, detector, and data analysis devices. It also describes various parameters that affect the separation like retention time and factors, temperature control, and types of columns and detectors commonly used.
HPLC involves separating mixtures using differences in how components distribute between a mobile and stationary phase. It uses particles of small diameter as the stationary phase. Compounds are separated by injecting the sample mixture onto the column where the components pass through at different rates due to differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. HPLC can separate a wide variety of compounds and is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs, pollutants, and other analytes.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It begins with an introduction to HPLC, explaining that it is a column chromatographic technique used for both volatile and non-volatile compounds. The principles of HPLC are described, including different modes of separation such as normal phase, reversed phase, and size exclusion chromatography. Key components of HPLC instrumentation are outlined, including the pump, injector, column, and various types of detectors. Common detectors discussed are UV-Vis, fluorescence, refractive index, and electrochemical detectors. The document concludes with a brief discussion of recorders and integrators.
This document provides an introduction and overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines HPLC as a technique used to separate mixtures of compounds through a column. The principal of HPLC is based on adsorption or partition chromatography depending on the stationary phase. The document outlines the key components of an HPLC system including the solvent reservoir, pump, injector, column, detector and recorder. It also discusses stationary and mobile phases, sample injection methods, and types of pumps used in HPLC.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the key components of an HPLC system, including the pump, injector, separation column, and detector. It explains how the different components of a mixture are separated through their interaction with the mobile and stationary phases in the column. The document also discusses various types of columns, detectors, and applications of HPLC in chemistry, biochemistry, and quality control.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the basic components of an HPLC system including the solvent delivery system, injector, column, and detector. It explains how samples are separated based on the differences in how components partition between the mobile and stationary phases. Various types of chromatography are also summarized, including partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. Factors that can affect separations like column parameters, instrument parameters, and sample parameters are outlined.
This document provides information about High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). It defines HPLC as a technique that uses pumps to pass a pressurized liquid mobile phase through a column packed with adsorbent particles. This allows the separation of a sample mixture as its components interact differently with the stationary phase. The document outlines the basic components of an HPLC system including the sample injector, column, detector, and data analysis devices. It also describes various parameters that affect the separation like retention time and factors, temperature control, and types of columns and detectors commonly used.
HPLC involves separating mixtures using differences in how components distribute between a mobile and stationary phase. It uses particles of small diameter as the stationary phase. Compounds are separated by injecting the sample mixture onto the column where the components pass through at different rates due to differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. HPLC can separate a wide variety of compounds and is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis of drugs, pollutants, and other analytes.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It begins with an introduction to HPLC, explaining that it is a column chromatographic technique used for both volatile and non-volatile compounds. The principles of HPLC are described, including different modes of separation such as normal phase, reversed phase, and size exclusion chromatography. Key components of HPLC instrumentation are outlined, including the pump, injector, column, and various types of detectors. Common detectors discussed are UV-Vis, fluorescence, refractive index, and electrochemical detectors. The document concludes with a brief discussion of recorders and integrators.
This document provides an introduction and overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines HPLC as a technique used to separate mixtures of compounds through a column. The principal of HPLC is based on adsorption or partition chromatography depending on the stationary phase. The document outlines the key components of an HPLC system including the solvent reservoir, pump, injector, column, detector and recorder. It also discusses stationary and mobile phases, sample injection methods, and types of pumps used in HPLC.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes HPLC as a type of liquid chromatography that uses small particle sizes as the stationary phase to separate compounds dissolved in a solution. The key components of an HPLC system are a solvent delivery pump, injector, column, detectors, and data collection system. Different types of columns include normal phase, reverse phase, size exclusion, and ion exchange. Factors that affect HPLC separation include column length and temperature, flow rate, particle size, and mobile phase properties. HPLC is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis in various applications like analyzing drugs, pollutants, and food/drug products.
This document provides an introduction to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the basic components of an HPLC system including the reservoir, pump, injector, separation column, and detector. Compounds are separated by injecting a sample mixture onto the column, where the different components pass through at different rates due to differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. There are four main types of liquid chromatography: partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. HPLC is used for analyzing complex mixtures, purifying compounds, and quality control in various fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental analysis, and pharmaceuticals.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures by distributing components between a stationary and mobile phase. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses high pressure to pass a solvent or solvent mixture through a column containing a stationary phase to separate components in a mixture. HPLC consists of several major components including a pump, injector, column, column compartment, detector, and degasser. The injector introduces the sample into the mobile phase which passes through the column, allowing separation based on interactions between components and the stationary phase. A detector then measures and records separated components as they elute from the column.
HPLC is a form of liquid chromatography that uses high pressure to generate flow through a column packed with small particles. It allows for efficient separation of compounds based on differences in how they interact with the stationary and mobile phases. Key aspects of HPLC include pumps to deliver mobile phases at high pressure, injectors for sample introduction, columns packed with particles or beads, detectors to identify eluting compounds, and data systems to analyze results. Common modes are reverse phase, normal phase, size exclusion, and ion exchange chromatography. HPLC finds wide application in fields like pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, and environmental analysis.
This document provides information about High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography. It discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of HPLC, including the types of columns, mobile phases, pumps, injectors, detectors, and data acquisition systems used. It also summarizes the basic principles of Gas Chromatography, where a gas mobile phase is used to separate components of a vaporized sample based on interactions with a stationary phase. Key applications of HPLC mentioned include pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, clinical analysis, and food and flavor analysis.
Introduction to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-HPLCRoyan Institute
The document presents an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It discusses the key components of an HPLC system including the reservoir, pump, injector, separation column, and detector. It explains that compounds are separated on the column based on differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. The document also reviews different modes of HPLC, common applications, and advantages over gas chromatography.
The document discusses chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines chromatography as a method used to separate components in a complex mixture using two phases, a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It then discusses various types of chromatography, including normal phase and reversed phase chromatography, based on different factors like separation principle, elution technique, scale of operation, and type of analysis. The document also discusses key components of HPLC like pumps, injectors, columns, detectors and provides details on their functioning. It highlights advantages of HPLC like high resolution, sensitivity, reproducibility and its importance in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a separation technique used to separate, identify, and quantify compounds in mixtures. It works by injecting samples into a column with a stationary phase and passing a liquid mobile phase through under high pressure. Compounds are separated based on how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. HPLC is useful for pharmaceutical analysis, clinical applications, chemical separations, and purification of compounds due to its high resolution, sensitivity, repeatability, and ability to separate both volatile and non-volatile compounds.
HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography, is an analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It works by pumping a pressurized mobile liquid phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which causes the components in a sample to separate as they migrate through the column at different rates. Common components of an HPLC system include the pump, injector, column, detector, and recorder or computer system. HPLC has advantages of speed, efficiency, accuracy, and versatility in chemical analysis. It is used in various applications such as drug analysis, environmental analysis, and industrial quality control.
Ind-Swift Laboratories Ltd. is a USD ~200 million pharmaceutical company based in India with manufacturing sites across the country and an R&D center. The company produces APIs and offers contract manufacturing services. It has capabilities for reactions like Grignard, Friedel-Crafts, hydrogenation, and others. Major products include clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, ezetimibe, and others. The company has units for R&D, quality control using HPLC, GC, and microbiology, and production. HPLC and GC are used in the quality control unit to separate and analyze compound mixtures.
New microsoft office power point presentationHARSHITHA REDDY
This document provides an overview of chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines chromatography as a method to separate mixtures into individual components based on differences in how they move through a stationary and mobile phase. The document describes the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of HPLC. Key components of HPLC systems discussed include pumps, injectors, columns, detectors, and various chromatography techniques like adsorption, partition, and ion exchange chromatography.
HPLC-High Performance Chromatography with principle,types and intrumentation.ToobaDedmari
The document summarizes key aspects of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the principle of HPLC, which separates compounds using columns and solvents at high pressure. It outlines the main components of an HPLC system including the solvent reservoir and degassing system to remove gases from solvents, high precision pumps to move solvents, and sample injection systems. It provides details on the types of pumps (syringe, reciprocating, constant pressure) and chromatography modes (reverse phase, normal phase, isocratic and gradient elution).
HPLC and UPLC are chromatography techniques used to separate mixtures. HPLC uses columns packed with particles typically 5-10 μm in size to separate compounds. It provides high resolution, accuracy, and precision. UPLC uses even smaller particles (<2 μm) allowing faster separations and higher sensitivity under very high pressures. Both techniques are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in fields like pharmaceuticals and biochemistry.
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc) by Muhammad ShakaibMuhammad Shakaib
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate components in a mixture. It works by differential migration of solutes through a column containing a stationary phase as a pressurized mobile phase flows through. Solutes are detected as they elute from the column. Key aspects of HPLC include the use of a high pressure pump to deliver the mobile phase, columns packed with microparticulate stationary phases, and detectors to identify eluted components. HPLC is useful for separating compounds that are not volatile enough for gas chromatography.
HPLC is a popular and versatile technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying constituents of complex organic samples. It works by forcing a pressurized mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which interacts differently with different compounds and allows them to be separated. Key components of an HPLC system include the pump, injector, column, detector, and data analysis software. HPLC can separate compounds based on differences in how strongly they interact with the mobile and stationary phases.
HPLC is an analytical technique that uses high pressure to force a solvent or solvent mixture through a separation column containing a stationary phase. This allows the components of a sample to migrate through the column at different rates based on their interactions with the stationary phase. A detector then observes the separated components as they exit the column, generating a chromatogram. HPLC is used for applications like drug analysis, purity testing, and separating biopolymers. It has advantages of speed, efficiency, accuracy, and versatility but also has higher costs and complexity than some other techniques.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a form of column chromatography that pumps a sample mixture or analyte in a solvent (known as the mobile phase) at high pressure through a column with chromatographic packing material (stationary phase).
1) HPLC provides improved performance over classical column chromatography due to smaller particle sizes (<5 microns), higher operating pressures (>4000 psi), and higher column efficiencies (>100,000 theoretical plates per meter).
2) There are two main modes of HPLC separation - normal phase which uses a polar stationary phase and non-polar mobile phase, and reverse phase which uses a non-polar stationary phase and polar mobile phase.
3) Key components of an HPLC system include pumps to deliver the mobile phase at high pressure, injectors to introduce samples, columns packed with stationary phase to perform the separation, and detectors such as UV/Vis to identify eluted components.
Career opportunities are diverse for Graduates in Chemistry and can be employed in many areas such as food, forensics, mining, nanotechnology and the environment, just to name a few.
This document provides an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes HPLC as a type of liquid chromatography that uses small particle sizes as the stationary phase to separate compounds dissolved in a solution. The key components of an HPLC system are a solvent delivery pump, injector, column, detectors, and data collection system. Different types of columns include normal phase, reverse phase, size exclusion, and ion exchange. Factors that affect HPLC separation include column length and temperature, flow rate, particle size, and mobile phase properties. HPLC is used for quantitative and qualitative analysis in various applications like analyzing drugs, pollutants, and food/drug products.
This document provides an introduction to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the basic components of an HPLC system including the reservoir, pump, injector, separation column, and detector. Compounds are separated by injecting a sample mixture onto the column, where the different components pass through at different rates due to differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. There are four main types of liquid chromatography: partition, adsorption, ion exchange, and size exclusion. HPLC is used for analyzing complex mixtures, purifying compounds, and quality control in various fields such as chemistry, biochemistry, environmental analysis, and pharmaceuticals.
Chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures by distributing components between a stationary and mobile phase. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) uses high pressure to pass a solvent or solvent mixture through a column containing a stationary phase to separate components in a mixture. HPLC consists of several major components including a pump, injector, column, column compartment, detector, and degasser. The injector introduces the sample into the mobile phase which passes through the column, allowing separation based on interactions between components and the stationary phase. A detector then measures and records separated components as they elute from the column.
HPLC is a form of liquid chromatography that uses high pressure to generate flow through a column packed with small particles. It allows for efficient separation of compounds based on differences in how they interact with the stationary and mobile phases. Key aspects of HPLC include pumps to deliver mobile phases at high pressure, injectors for sample introduction, columns packed with particles or beads, detectors to identify eluting compounds, and data systems to analyze results. Common modes are reverse phase, normal phase, size exclusion, and ion exchange chromatography. HPLC finds wide application in fields like pharmaceuticals, biochemistry, and environmental analysis.
This document provides information about High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography. It discusses the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of HPLC, including the types of columns, mobile phases, pumps, injectors, detectors, and data acquisition systems used. It also summarizes the basic principles of Gas Chromatography, where a gas mobile phase is used to separate components of a vaporized sample based on interactions with a stationary phase. Key applications of HPLC mentioned include pharmaceutical analysis, environmental monitoring, clinical analysis, and food and flavor analysis.
Introduction to High Performance Liquid Chromatography-HPLCRoyan Institute
The document presents an overview of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It discusses the key components of an HPLC system including the reservoir, pump, injector, separation column, and detector. It explains that compounds are separated on the column based on differences in how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. The document also reviews different modes of HPLC, common applications, and advantages over gas chromatography.
The document discusses chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines chromatography as a method used to separate components in a complex mixture using two phases, a stationary phase and a mobile phase. It then discusses various types of chromatography, including normal phase and reversed phase chromatography, based on different factors like separation principle, elution technique, scale of operation, and type of analysis. The document also discusses key components of HPLC like pumps, injectors, columns, detectors and provides details on their functioning. It highlights advantages of HPLC like high resolution, sensitivity, reproducibility and its importance in qualitative and quantitative analysis.
HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is a separation technique used to separate, identify, and quantify compounds in mixtures. It works by injecting samples into a column with a stationary phase and passing a liquid mobile phase through under high pressure. Compounds are separated based on how they partition between the mobile and stationary phases. HPLC is useful for pharmaceutical analysis, clinical applications, chemical separations, and purification of compounds due to its high resolution, sensitivity, repeatability, and ability to separate both volatile and non-volatile compounds.
HPLC, or high-performance liquid chromatography, is an analytical technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in a mixture. It works by pumping a pressurized mobile liquid phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which causes the components in a sample to separate as they migrate through the column at different rates. Common components of an HPLC system include the pump, injector, column, detector, and recorder or computer system. HPLC has advantages of speed, efficiency, accuracy, and versatility in chemical analysis. It is used in various applications such as drug analysis, environmental analysis, and industrial quality control.
Ind-Swift Laboratories Ltd. is a USD ~200 million pharmaceutical company based in India with manufacturing sites across the country and an R&D center. The company produces APIs and offers contract manufacturing services. It has capabilities for reactions like Grignard, Friedel-Crafts, hydrogenation, and others. Major products include clarithromycin, roxithromycin, azithromycin, ezetimibe, and others. The company has units for R&D, quality control using HPLC, GC, and microbiology, and production. HPLC and GC are used in the quality control unit to separate and analyze compound mixtures.
New microsoft office power point presentationHARSHITHA REDDY
This document provides an overview of chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It defines chromatography as a method to separate mixtures into individual components based on differences in how they move through a stationary and mobile phase. The document describes the basic principles, instrumentation, and applications of HPLC. Key components of HPLC systems discussed include pumps, injectors, columns, detectors, and various chromatography techniques like adsorption, partition, and ion exchange chromatography.
HPLC-High Performance Chromatography with principle,types and intrumentation.ToobaDedmari
The document summarizes key aspects of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). It describes the principle of HPLC, which separates compounds using columns and solvents at high pressure. It outlines the main components of an HPLC system including the solvent reservoir and degassing system to remove gases from solvents, high precision pumps to move solvents, and sample injection systems. It provides details on the types of pumps (syringe, reciprocating, constant pressure) and chromatography modes (reverse phase, normal phase, isocratic and gradient elution).
HPLC and UPLC are chromatography techniques used to separate mixtures. HPLC uses columns packed with particles typically 5-10 μm in size to separate compounds. It provides high resolution, accuracy, and precision. UPLC uses even smaller particles (<2 μm) allowing faster separations and higher sensitivity under very high pressures. Both techniques are used for qualitative and quantitative analysis in fields like pharmaceuticals and biochemistry.
High performance liquid chromatography (hplc) by Muhammad ShakaibMuhammad Shakaib
High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is a technique used to separate components in a mixture. It works by differential migration of solutes through a column containing a stationary phase as a pressurized mobile phase flows through. Solutes are detected as they elute from the column. Key aspects of HPLC include the use of a high pressure pump to deliver the mobile phase, columns packed with microparticulate stationary phases, and detectors to identify eluted components. HPLC is useful for separating compounds that are not volatile enough for gas chromatography.
HPLC is a popular and versatile technique for separating, identifying, and quantifying constituents of complex organic samples. It works by forcing a pressurized mobile phase through a column containing a stationary phase, which interacts differently with different compounds and allows them to be separated. Key components of an HPLC system include the pump, injector, column, detector, and data analysis software. HPLC can separate compounds based on differences in how strongly they interact with the mobile and stationary phases.
HPLC is an analytical technique that uses high pressure to force a solvent or solvent mixture through a separation column containing a stationary phase. This allows the components of a sample to migrate through the column at different rates based on their interactions with the stationary phase. A detector then observes the separated components as they exit the column, generating a chromatogram. HPLC is used for applications like drug analysis, purity testing, and separating biopolymers. It has advantages of speed, efficiency, accuracy, and versatility but also has higher costs and complexity than some other techniques.
High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is a form of column chromatography that pumps a sample mixture or analyte in a solvent (known as the mobile phase) at high pressure through a column with chromatographic packing material (stationary phase).
1) HPLC provides improved performance over classical column chromatography due to smaller particle sizes (<5 microns), higher operating pressures (>4000 psi), and higher column efficiencies (>100,000 theoretical plates per meter).
2) There are two main modes of HPLC separation - normal phase which uses a polar stationary phase and non-polar mobile phase, and reverse phase which uses a non-polar stationary phase and polar mobile phase.
3) Key components of an HPLC system include pumps to deliver the mobile phase at high pressure, injectors to introduce samples, columns packed with stationary phase to perform the separation, and detectors such as UV/Vis to identify eluted components.
Similar to High Performance Liquid Chromatography Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK.ppt (20)
Career opportunities are diverse for Graduates in Chemistry and can be employed in many areas such as food, forensics, mining, nanotechnology and the environment, just to name a few.
ELECTROCHEMISTRY - I
4.1 - Metallic and Electrolytic Conductors-Faraday’s Laws-Electro plating Specific conductance and Equivalent conductance - Measurement of equivalent conductance - Variation of Equivalent Conductance and Specific Conductance with Dilution Kohlrausch Law and its applications - Ostwald’s Dilution Law and its Limitations.
The document provides information on hazard classification and the hazard communication standard. It discusses the steps in the hazard classification process, including identifying the chemical, relevant hazard data, reviewing the data to determine hazards, and classifying hazards. It explains that hazard classification determines the hazard warnings that are provided on safety data sheets, labels, and training. The classification process provides a consistent way to evaluate hazards and compare hazard severity within and across classes.
This document discusses various techniques for separating mixtures including chromatography, filtration, evaporation, distillation, extraction using a separating funnel, and solvent extraction. It focuses on solvent extraction, providing details on the process, types of solvent extraction including solvating, cationic exchange, anionic exchange and chelating extraction. Examples of solvent extraction of uranium are provided. Soxhlet extraction is also discussed, outlining the procedure, components, assembly, working and applications of the Soxhlet apparatus.
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION
Nature and importance of research - aims, objective, principles and problems - selection of research problem - survey of scientific literature - primary and secondary sources - citation index for scientific papers and journals - patents.
This document provides information about chromatography techniques. It begins with an overview of chromatography and its inventor, Mikhail Tswett. It then describes several common chromatography methods including thin layer chromatography, paper chromatography, gas chromatography, ion exchange chromatography, and discusses their components and principles. Key terms like mobile phase, stationary phase, retention factor (Rf) are explained. Various chromatography applications and advantages are also mentioned.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
BREEDING METHODS FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE.pptxRASHMI M G
Plant breeding for disease resistance is a strategy to reduce crop losses caused by disease. Plants have an innate immune system that allows them to recognize pathogens and provide resistance. However, breeding for long-lasting resistance often involves combining multiple resistance genes
Comparing Evolved Extractive Text Summary Scores of Bidirectional Encoder Rep...University of Maribor
Slides from:
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Track: Artificial Intelligence
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...Sérgio Sacani
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
The debris of the ‘last major merger’ is dynamically youngSérgio Sacani
The Milky Way’s (MW) inner stellar halo contains an [Fe/H]-rich component with highly eccentric orbits, often referred to as the
‘last major merger.’ Hypotheses for the origin of this component include Gaia-Sausage/Enceladus (GSE), where the progenitor
collided with the MW proto-disc 8–11 Gyr ago, and the Virgo Radial Merger (VRM), where the progenitor collided with the
MW disc within the last 3 Gyr. These two scenarios make different predictions about observable structure in local phase space,
because the morphology of debris depends on how long it has had to phase mix. The recently identified phase-space folds in Gaia
DR3 have positive caustic velocities, making them fundamentally different than the phase-mixed chevrons found in simulations
at late times. Roughly 20 per cent of the stars in the prograde local stellar halo are associated with the observed caustics. Based
on a simple phase-mixing model, the observed number of caustics are consistent with a merger that occurred 1–2 Gyr ago.
We also compare the observed phase-space distribution to FIRE-2 Latte simulations of GSE-like mergers, using a quantitative
measurement of phase mixing (2D causticality). The observed local phase-space distribution best matches the simulated data
1–2 Gyr after collision, and certainly not later than 3 Gyr. This is further evidence that the progenitor of the ‘last major merger’
did not collide with the MW proto-disc at early times, as is thought for the GSE, but instead collided with the MW disc within
the last few Gyr, consistent with the body of work surrounding the VRM.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Or: Beyond linear.
Abstract: Equivariant neural networks are neural networks that incorporate symmetries. The nonlinear activation functions in these networks result in interesting nonlinear equivariant maps between simple representations, and motivate the key player of this talk: piecewise linear representation theory.
Disclaimer: No one is perfect, so please mind that there might be mistakes and typos.
dtubbenhauer@gmail.com
Corrected slides: dtubbenhauer.com/talks.html
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...Travis Hills MN
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
High Performance Liquid Chromatography Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK.ppt
1. Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & HEAD,
P G & RESEARCH DEPT. OF CHEMISTRY
SHANMUGA INDUSTRIES ARTS & SCIENCE
COLLEGE, TIRUVANNAMALAI-606603.
dineshkarthik2008@gmail.com.
2. High Performance Liquid
Chromatography
HPLC is a form of liquid chromatography used to
separate compounds that are dissolved in solution.
HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of mobile
phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and
a detector.
Compounds are separated by injecting a sample
mixture onto the column. The different component in
the mixture pass through the column at
differentiates due to differences in their partition
behavior between the mobile phase and the
stationary phase. The mobile phase must be
degassed to eliminate the formation of air bubbles.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
3. You’ve Got a Problem to Solve
I need a quantitative
separation of
carbohydrates in some
of our products
as soon as possible.
I’ll need a separation
technique.
I’ll get
on it!
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
4. Separation Techniques
I have two separation techniques in my lab,
High Performance Liquid Chromatography
and Gas Chromatography. Which should I use?
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
5. How can We Analyze the
Sample?
Carbohydrates
1. fructose
2. Glucose
3. Saccharose
Zorbax NH2 (4.6 x 250 mm)
70/30 Acetonitrile/Water
1 mL/min Detect=Refractive Index
1
2
3
4
5
mAU
time
6
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
9. Mobile Phase Reservoirs
Inert container with inert lines leading to
the pump are required.
Reservoir filters (2-10 mm) at reservoir
end of solvent delivery lines
Degassed solvent
- Vacuum filtration
- Sparge with inert gas (N2 or He)
- Ultrasonic under vacuum
Elevate above pumps Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
10. Separations
Separation in based upon differential
migration between the stationary and
mobile phases.
Stationary Phase - the phase which
remains fixed in the column, e.g. C18,
Silica
Mobile Phase - carries the sample
through the stationary phase as it
moves through the column.
Injector
Detector
Column
Solvents
Mixer
Pumps
High Performance Liquid Chromatograph
Waste
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
27. The Chromatogram
Injection
to
tR
mAU
time
tR
to - elution time of unretained peak
tR- retention time - determines sample identity
Area or height is proportional
to the quantity of analyte.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
28. HPLC Analysis Parameters
Mobile Phases
Flow Rate
Composition
Injection Volume
Column
Oven Temperature
Wavelength
Time Constant
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
29. Modes of High Performance
Liquid Chromatography
Types of Compounds Mode Stationary
Phase
Mobile Phase
Neutrals
Weak Acids
Weak Bases
Reversed
Phase
C18, C8, C4
cyano, amino
Water/Organic
Modifiers
Ionics, Bases, Acids Ion
Pair
C-18, C-8 Water/Organic
Ion-Pair Reagent
Compounds not
soluble in water
Normal
Phase
Silica, Amino,
Cyano, Diol
Organics
Ionics Inorganic Ions Ion
Exchange
Anion or Cation
Exchange
Resin
Aqueous/Buffer
Counter Ion
High Molecular Weight
Compounds
Polymers
Size
Exclusion
Polystyrene
Silica
Gel Filtration-
Aqueous
Gel Permeation-
Organic
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
30. Isocratic elution: A separation that
employs a single solvent or solvent mixture
of constant composition.
Gradient elution: Here two or more solvent
systems that differ significantly in polarity
are employed. After elution is begun; the
ratio of the solvents is varied in a
programmed way, sometimes continuously
and sometimes in a series of steps.
Separation efficiency is greatly enhanced
by gradient elution.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
31. FOUR TYPES OF LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPHY
Partition chromatography
Adsorption, or liquid-solid
chromatography
Ion exchange chromatography
Size exclusion, or gel, chromatography
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
32. COMPOSITION OF A LIQUID
CHROMATOGRAPH SYSTEM
Solvent
Solvent Delivery System (Pump)
Injector
Sample
Column
Detectors (Diode Array)
Waste Collector
Recorder (Data Collection)
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
34. HPLC Chromatograph injectors
The function of the injector is to place the sample
into the high-pressure flow in as narrow volume as
possible so that the sample enters the column as a
homogeneous, low-volume plug. To minimize
spreading of the injected volume during transport to
the column, the shortest possible length of tubing
should be used from the injector to the column.
When an injection is started, an air actuator rotates
the valve: solvent goes directly to the column; and
the injector needle is connected to the syringe. The
air pressure lifts the needle and the vial is moved
into position beneath the needle. Then, the needle is
lowered to the vial.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
35. HPLC columns
The column is one of the
most important components
of the HPLC chromatograph
because the separation of
the sample components is
achieved when those
components pass through
the column. The High
performance liquid
chromatography apparatus
is made out of stainless
steel tubes with a diameter
of 3 to 5mm and a length
ranging from 10 to 30cm.
Normally, columns are filled
with silica gel because its
particle shape, surface
properties, and pore structure
help to get a good
separation. Silica is wetted by
nearly every potential mobile
phase, is inert to most
compounds and has a high
surface activity which can be
modified easily with water
and other agents. Silica can
be used to separate a wide
variety of chemical
compounds, and its
chromatographic behavior is
generally predictable and
reproducible.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
37. WHAT AFFECTS SYSTEM
Column Parameters
Column Material
Deactivation
Stationary Phase
Coating Material
Instrument
Parameters
Temperature
Flow
Signal
Sample Sensitivity
Detector
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
38. WHAT AFFECTS SYSTEM
Sample Parameters
Concentration
Matrix
Solvent Effect
Sample Effect
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
39. Several column types
(can be classified as )
Normal phase
Reverse phase
Size exclusion
Ion exchange
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
40. Normal phase
In this column type, the retention is
governed by the interaction of the polar
parts of the stationary phase and
solute. For retention to occur in normal
phase, the packing must be more polar
than the mobile phase with respect to
the sample
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
41. Reverse phase
In this column the packing material is
relatively nonpolar and the solvent is polar
with respect to the sample. Retention is the
result of the interaction of the nonpolar
components of the solutes and the nonpolar
stationary phase. Typical stationary phases
are nonpolar hydrocarbons, waxy liquids, or
bonded hydrocarbons (such as C18, C8, etc.)
and the solvents are polar aqueous-organic
mixtures such as methanol-water or
acetonitrile-water.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
42. Size exclusion
In size exclusion the HPLC column is
consisted of substances which have
controlled pore sizes and is able to be
filtered in an ordinarily phase
according to its molecular size. Small
molecules penetrate into the pores
within the packing while larger
molecules only partially penetrate the
pores. The large molecules elute before
the smaller molecules. Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
43. Ion exchange
In this column type the sample
components are separated based upon
attractive ionic forces between
molecules carrying charged groups of
opposite charge to those charges on
the stationary phase. Separations are
made between a polar mobile liquid,
usually water containing salts or small
amounts of alcohols, and a stationary
phase containing either acidic or basic
fixed sites.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
44. Selectivity Factor
K’ values tell us where bands elute
relative to the void volume. These
values are unaffected by such variables
as flow rate and column dimensions.
The value tell us where two peaks elute
relative to each other. This is referred
to as the selectivity factor or separation
factor (now and then as the chemistry
factor).
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK
49. Uses of HPLC
This technique is used for chemistry and biochemistry
research analyzing complex mixtures, purifying chemical
compounds, developing processes for synthesizing
chemical compounds, isolating natural products, or
predicting physical properties. It is also used in quality
control to ensure the purity of raw materials, to control
and improve process yields, to quantify assays of final
products, or to evaluate product stability and monitor
degradation.
In addition, it is used for analyzing air and water
pollutants, for monitoring materials that may jeopardize
occupational safety or health, and for monitoring
pesticide levels in the environment. Federal and state
regulatory agencies use HPLC to survey food and drug
products, for identifying confiscated narcotics or to
check for adherence to label claims.
Dr.A.DINESH KARTHIK