The document provides an overview of nouns, pronouns, and other parts of speech. It defines nouns and lists different types of nouns. It explains the use of pronouns to avoid repetition and lists different types of pronouns including personal, possessive, reflexive, and relative pronouns. The document concludes with a quiz to test the reader's understanding of nouns and pronouns.

1. High-Intermediate English
level Course
Escuela Superior de Maestros sede Morazán
Docente: Ángel Mauricio Mendoza Luna

2. • AGENDA
• 1.1 Meeting
• Talk about yourself: name, occupation, address, expectations from
this course, things you’re planning to do this coming year.
• 1.2 The English Course in detail.
• 1.3 Let´s get started with the course.
• Break 10.00-10.30 Sharp!
• Let´s get started with the course.
• 5 Quiestions Quizz
• Farewell!

3. Grammar….and Nouns
• Definition: A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or
idea.
• Concrete nouns name people, places, or things that you can touch,
see, hear, smell, or taste.
• Examples: Person – man, Mrs. Jones, doctor, Maddie
Place – river, Paris, mountains, home
Thing – dog, book, sports car

4. • Abstract nouns: name ideas or emotions. They are intangible, which
means you cannot touch, see, hear, smell, or taste them.
• Idea – love, intelligence, justice
• Emotion – happiness, anger, excitement
• Hint: Remember, pronouns are not nouns.

5. NUMBER: SINGULAR VS PLURAL
• The basic rule is to add s to make a noun plural.
• There are many irregular nouns that add es.
• Rule: add s to form the plural: cat ⇒ cats
truck ⇒ trucks
book ⇒ books!
• Nouns that end in s, sh, x, ch, or z ; add “es” to form the plural:bus
⇒ buses
brush ⇒ brushes
fox ⇒ foxes

6. IRREGULAR NOUNS
• Irregular nouns form plurals in unusual ways.
Analysis….analyses
Parenthesis….parentheses
child ... children
foot ... Feet
tooth ... teeth
man ... men
Some nouns exist only in the plural
form.
pants, binoculars, shorts, tweezers,
scissors ...

7. COMPOUND NOUNS
• A compound noun is a noun made up of two or more words. Each
word makes up part of the meaning of the noun.
A single word: Haircut
Dropcloth
Two words: Rain forest
Ice cream
Hyphenated: Ice-bag
Brother-in-law
Hot-dog

8. COLLECTIVE NOUNS
• Collective comes from the same root as collection. A collective noun
names a group, like a collection of something:
• team, choir, jury, committee, Army, Hive, Troop, Plague, Audience

9. POSSESSIVE NOUNS
• Possessive comes from the same root as possession, something you
own. Possessive nouns show ownership.
• Rule 1: add 's to words to show possession.
Dog's collar
(dog+'s)
sister's backpack
(sister+'s)
car's engine
(car+'s)

10. CLASSIGYING NOUNS
• Write them apart and categorize between: Abstract, Concrete
Common, Proper, Singular, Plural, Compound, Collective,
Possessive.
• ORANGES, REMOTE CONTROLS, JESSICA’S, EXCITEMENT, FAMILIES,
LION, NOTEBOOK, CURIOSITY, CHICKEN, SWIMMING POOL,
SAILBOATS, MICHAEL’S, CHORES, MYSTERIES, WHITE HOUSE.

11. PRONOUNS
• One day the doctor asked the doctor's assistant for the doctor's
calendar. Then the doctor checked the doctor's calendar to see what
appointments the doctor had that day. Then the doctor returned the
doctor's calendar to the doctor's assistant for the doctor's assistant to
use to schedule the doctor's patients' appointments.
• That doesn't sound like we normally speak. We use pronouns to
replace nouns to avoid unnecessary repetition.

12. • One day the doctor asked her assistant, James, to hand her the
appointment calendar. Then she checked it to see how many
appointments she had that day. After that, she returned the calendar
to James and asked him to use it to schedule her other patients'
appointments.
• That sounds a lot better!!!!!

13. • Pronouns stand in for nouns or replace them. Personal pronouns
replace nouns that refer to people or things.
• number - they are singular or plural
• person - 1st person is the person speaking, 2nd person is the person
being spoken to, 3rd person is the person being spoken about.
• case - their use in the sentence.

14. Case Subject Object Possessive
Number Singular Plural Singular Plural Singular Plural
1
st
person I we me us my, mine our, ours
2
nd
perso
n
you you you you your,
yours
your,
yours
3
rd
person he, she, it they him, her,
it
them his, her,
hers, its
their,
theirs

15. • Subject pronouns (also called nominative pronouns) are used as the
subjects of sentences.
• ______ bit the monster!
• I ... You ... He ... She... It ... We ... They
• Object pronouns (also called objective pronouns) are what is affected
by the action of the subject.
• The monster bit _______
• me ... you ... him ... her ... it ... us ... them.
• Possessive pronouns show ownership.
• My pencil
• My, your, his, her, its, our, your, and their

16. Choose the correct pronoun to fill in the sentence.
• 1-______went to the dance last Friday. She, Her, Hers
• 2-When James found his book,______ was very happy. he, him, his
• 3-The waitress brought the dessert to_____ . we, us
• 4-The new radio host is______ . she, her, hers
• 5-Sally and her friend brought _____ empty bags to the recycling
center.
• they, them, their

17. REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
• Reflexive sounds like reflection, the image in the mirror that bounces
back at you. A reflexive pronoun reflects back to the subject.
• I saw it myself, Don’t burn yourself, He hurt himself, She did it herself.
The cat scratched itself.
How did he hurt himself?
We really enjoyed ourselves while on holiday.
I blame myself. We painted the house ourselves.
What a great party! Did you prepare everything yourself?

18. DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
• To demonstrate is to show something. Demonstrative pronouns show
or point.
• this (este/a/o) SINGULAR
• that (ese/a/o, aquél, aquello/a) SINGULAR
• these (estos/as) PLURAL
• those (esos/as, aquellos/as) PLURAL
• This and that refer to singular objects. These and those refer to plural
objects. This and these refer to objects close to the speaker. That and
those refer to objects far from the speaker.

19. I like this car.
I like that car.
I like these cars.
I like those cars
• near in distance or time
• far in distance or time

20. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
• It is called a "relative" pronoun because it "relates" to the word that
its relative clause modifies.
• Here is an example:
• The person who phoned me last night is my teacher.
• In the above example, "who":
• relates to "The person", which "who phoned me last night" modifies
• introduces the relative clause "who phoned me last night"

21. • There are five relative pronouns: who, whom, whose, which, that*
• Who (subject) and whom (object) are generally only for people.
Whose is for possession. Which is for things. That can be used for
things and people.

23. INTERROGATIVE PRONOUNS
• To interrogate is to ask someone questions. Interrogative pronouns ask
questions.
• who whom whosewhich what
• Who, whom, and whose refer to people. Who is a subject pronoun. Whom
is an object pronoun. Whose is a possessive pronoun.
• Hint: Use who when you would use I; use whom when you would use me.
• Who would like some ice cream? I would like some ice cream.
• Whom did you ask for cookies? You asked me for cookies.
• To whom did you wave? You waved to me.

24. WHO VS WHOM
• Use this he/him method to decide whether who or whom is correct:
• he = who
him = whom
• Examples:
Who/Whom wrote the letter?
He wrote the letter. Therefore, who is correct.
Who/Whom should I vote for?
Should I vote for him? Therefore, whom is correct.

25. QUIZZ!
• What’s a noun?
• Write 4 noun’s categories:
• Why do we use Pronouns?
• Categorize if they’re plural or singular this, those, that, these
• Mention 5 relative Pronouns: