This document summarizes the common motifs and archetypes found in stories about heroes, including challenges they face, allies who help them, obstacles they must overcome, and rewards they receive. It then provides a detailed summary of the myth of Heracles/Hercules and his 12 labors, including struggles with monsters like the Nemean Lion and Lernaean Hydra. The summary traces Heracles' lineage, madness inflicted by Hera, purification rites, tasks assigned by Eurystheus to prove himself, and adventures during each labor.
Hercules was considered the greatest hero in Greece known for his immense strength. He completed twelve difficult labors assigned to him by Eurystheus as penance for killing his family in a fit of madness induced by Hera. These labors included slaying various monsters and beasts. Despite completing the labors, Hercules continued having many adventures and misadventures, battling various giants and beasts and rescuing people. After a life of great endeavors, Hercules finally died, achieved reconciliation with Hera, and was married to Hebe in the heavens.
Greek Mythology
The Great Hero before the Trojan War!
P.S. Guys kindly click like if the article is helpful and IF you're going to download the slides/presentation.Thank you.
Hercules was a Greek demigod known for his immense strength. He was born to Zeus and a mortal woman, angering his wife Hera. As a child, Hercules displayed extraordinary strength in killing snakes sent by Hera to kill him. As an adult, Hercules performed twelve near-impossible labors to atone for a crime, including defeating various monsters. Though he lived a difficult life due to his great strength, Hercules was the only hero to become a full god after his death. Today, he remains an iconic symbol of strength.
1) The document summarizes the Labors of Heracles from Greek mythology, describing his life and deeds.
2) As his first Labor, Heracles was tasked with killing the Nemean lion, which had impenetrable skin, by strangling it with his bare hands.
3) For his second Labor, Heracles fought the Hydra, a monster with many heads that grew back when cut off, and was aided by his nephew Iolaus who cauterized the wounds with fire.
The document provides an overview of the Greek myths surrounding Heracles/Hercules and compares them to Disney's portrayal in the animated film Hercules. It summarizes the major plot points of Heracles' life from his divine parents and mortal upbringing, his twelve labors assigned as penance, his marriage and madness, and eventual deification. The document also notes characters, events, and details that Disney changed, omitted, or misrepresented for comedic effect in their retelling of the myths.
The document provides background information on Odysseus and events before The Odyssey. It describes how Odysseus was raised in Ithaca and became its king. It outlines the situation in Ithaca with the suitors overrunning Odysseus's house while he is away at the Trojan War for 20 years. The document also summarizes some of the major themes in The Odyssey, such as hubris, the roles of women and men, and loyalty.
Presenting The Penelopiad by Jessica Pearceviolin02
This document provides a summary of several chapters from the novel "The Penelopiad" by Margaret Atwood. It summarizes the key events and perspectives shared by Penelope, the narrator, about her childhood being thrown into the sea by her father, her unhappy marriage to Odysseus, dealing with his mother and nurse while he was away at war, and her long wait for Odysseus to return home from Troy as she fended off suitors for her hand. The summary captures Penelope's distrust of men stemming from childhood trauma and her growing resentment towards Odysseus for the troubles his leaving for war caused her.
Heracles was a hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and a mortal woman. He was incredibly strong and used his strength and cleverness to defeat many monsters. Though beloved by many, Hera, Zeus' wife, hated Heracles for being proof of Zeus' infidelity and made his life very difficult. Heracles had a rough life filled with fighting, killing people in fits of rage, and multiple marriages and children before ultimately being poisoned by one of his lovers.
Hercules was considered the greatest hero in Greece known for his immense strength. He completed twelve difficult labors assigned to him by Eurystheus as penance for killing his family in a fit of madness induced by Hera. These labors included slaying various monsters and beasts. Despite completing the labors, Hercules continued having many adventures and misadventures, battling various giants and beasts and rescuing people. After a life of great endeavors, Hercules finally died, achieved reconciliation with Hera, and was married to Hebe in the heavens.
Greek Mythology
The Great Hero before the Trojan War!
P.S. Guys kindly click like if the article is helpful and IF you're going to download the slides/presentation.Thank you.
Hercules was a Greek demigod known for his immense strength. He was born to Zeus and a mortal woman, angering his wife Hera. As a child, Hercules displayed extraordinary strength in killing snakes sent by Hera to kill him. As an adult, Hercules performed twelve near-impossible labors to atone for a crime, including defeating various monsters. Though he lived a difficult life due to his great strength, Hercules was the only hero to become a full god after his death. Today, he remains an iconic symbol of strength.
1) The document summarizes the Labors of Heracles from Greek mythology, describing his life and deeds.
2) As his first Labor, Heracles was tasked with killing the Nemean lion, which had impenetrable skin, by strangling it with his bare hands.
3) For his second Labor, Heracles fought the Hydra, a monster with many heads that grew back when cut off, and was aided by his nephew Iolaus who cauterized the wounds with fire.
The document provides an overview of the Greek myths surrounding Heracles/Hercules and compares them to Disney's portrayal in the animated film Hercules. It summarizes the major plot points of Heracles' life from his divine parents and mortal upbringing, his twelve labors assigned as penance, his marriage and madness, and eventual deification. The document also notes characters, events, and details that Disney changed, omitted, or misrepresented for comedic effect in their retelling of the myths.
The document provides background information on Odysseus and events before The Odyssey. It describes how Odysseus was raised in Ithaca and became its king. It outlines the situation in Ithaca with the suitors overrunning Odysseus's house while he is away at the Trojan War for 20 years. The document also summarizes some of the major themes in The Odyssey, such as hubris, the roles of women and men, and loyalty.
Presenting The Penelopiad by Jessica Pearceviolin02
This document provides a summary of several chapters from the novel "The Penelopiad" by Margaret Atwood. It summarizes the key events and perspectives shared by Penelope, the narrator, about her childhood being thrown into the sea by her father, her unhappy marriage to Odysseus, dealing with his mother and nurse while he was away at war, and her long wait for Odysseus to return home from Troy as she fended off suitors for her hand. The summary captures Penelope's distrust of men stemming from childhood trauma and her growing resentment towards Odysseus for the troubles his leaving for war caused her.
Heracles was a hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and a mortal woman. He was incredibly strong and used his strength and cleverness to defeat many monsters. Though beloved by many, Hera, Zeus' wife, hated Heracles for being proof of Zeus' infidelity and made his life very difficult. Heracles had a rough life filled with fighting, killing people in fits of rage, and multiple marriages and children before ultimately being poisoned by one of his lovers.
Heracles, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, was tasked by King Eurystheus with completing 12 labors to atone for killing his family. The labors included capturing the Nemean Lion, slaying the Lernean Hydra, and stealing the girdle of Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons. Despite obstacles and dangers, Heracles was able to complete each labor through his immense strength, bravery, and help from allies like Chiron the centaur.
Heracles was a strong and courageous hero from Greek mythology known for killing dangerous monsters. As the son of Zeus and Alcmene, he completed many heroic labors including strangling snakes sent by Hera and slaying the Nemean Lion with his bare hands. Though powerful, Heracles lacked intelligence. He is portrayed as extremely muscular and often wields a club.
Hercules was tasked with 12 labors by King Eurystheus. He was sometimes accompanied by male companions like Iolaus, which led Eurystheus to discount some labors from the official count. The traditional order of the 12 labors included slaying the Nemean lion, slaying the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Golden Hind of Artemis, capturing the Erymanthian Boar, cleaning the Augean stables in a day, slaying the Stymphalian Birds, capturing the Cretan Bull, stealing the Mares of Diomedes, obtaining the Girdle of Queen Hippolyta, and obtaining the Cattle of Geryon.
Heracles was a strong and brave Greek hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene. He was known for completing 12 difficult labors as punishment from Hera for killing his family in a fit of madness. Some of his labors included defeating the Hydra and capturing Cerberus. Heracles was considered both a hero and a god due to his divine father. He is remembered as the greatest Greek hero for his courage and strength.
Hercules was the son of Zeus and Alcmena. He had many famous labors assigned to him by King Eurystheus to prove his strength, including killing the Nemean Lion, defeating the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Cretan Bull, and stealing the golden apples of Hesperides. Hercules completed all twelve labors successfully with help from friends like Iolaus, nephew Theseus, and the prophet Teiresias before dying after his final labor of capturing Cerberus from the underworld.
The document provides background information on the Trojan War and characters from Homer's Odyssey such as Odysseus, Calypso, and the Cyclops. It includes passages from the Odyssey and questions about the text. Students are asked to analyze characters, compare artistic depictions of the Cyclops, and reflect on how Odysseus deals with dangerous situations using qualities like courage and intelligence. The questions assess understanding of key events and characters from the Odyssey.
Hercules was the son of Zeus and Alcmene. He undertook 12 difficult labours as penance for killing his family. These included slaying the Nemean lion, defeating the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Ceryneian Hind, killing the Erymanthian Boar, cleaning the Augean stables, slaying the Stymphalian birds, capturing the Cretan bull, stealing the mares of Diomedes, taking the belt of Hippolyte, stealing the cattle of Geryon, obtaining the golden apples of Hesperides, and capturing Cerberus, the hound of Hades. Through these labours, Hercules cleansed himself of
Hercules, also known as Heracles, was a hero of Greek mythology known for his immense strength and for undertaking 12 near-impossible tasks, known as the Labors of Hercules. The document describes each of the 12 Labors in detail, including capturing the Nemean Lion, slaying the Hydra, cleaning the Augean stables, and capturing Cerberus from the Underworld. It also provides background on Hercules' birth to the god Zeus and mortal woman, his madness and killing of his children, and his eventual deification as a god after his death from Hydra venom poisoning.
Hercules was tasked with completing 12 labors as penance for killing his family. The document details each of the 12 labors Hercules had to undertake, including capturing the Nemean Lion, defeating the Lernean Hydra, capturing the Cretan Bull, stealing the horses of Diomedes, and obtaining the golden apples from the garden of Hesperides. It describes the challenges Hercules faced in each labor and how he was able to complete the seemingly impossible tasks.
The document provides an introduction to Homer's epic poem The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer was a blind minstrel who told stories orally to entertain audiences. While the details of Homer's life are vague, he is credited as the author of two epic poems - The Iliad which describes the Trojan War, and The Odyssey which tells the story of Odysseus's journey home after the war. The Odyssey follows Odysseus over ten years as he faces obstacles placed by gods and encounters fantastical places and creatures on his voyage.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It defines terms related to epic poetry like epithet, archetype, and oral tradition. It summarizes some key events in The Odyssey, including Odysseus spending years trapped on the island of Calypso. It also outlines Odysseus' initial encounters with the cyclops Polyphemus on his journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, including Odysseus and his men exploring Polyphemus' cave while he is away.
The document provides backstories and meanings for character names that could be used in various genres of fiction stories. It explains the meanings and origins of names like Harold, Ana, Jules, Karen, and Penny, often connecting them to real people like scientists or architects. It then suggests potential names for protagonists and antagonists in stories from different genres like science fiction, romance, mystery, and more.
This document provides information about fables and includes summaries of several fables:
1. A fable is a short story using animals, objects, or forces of nature as characters to convey a moral lesson. Most fables are attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave whose skill in crafting fables gained him freedom and status.
2. The fable of "The Fox and the Crow" tells of a fox who tricks a crow into dropping her cheese by flattering her singing. The moral is "Do not trust flatterers."
3. "The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse" contrasts the dangers of city life with the simplicity and security of country living. The country mouse prefers her
- The document provides an introduction to Homer and his epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer was likely a Greek poet from around 750-700 BCE and is credited as the author of these two seminal works of ancient Greek literature.
- It summarizes The Odyssey as focusing on the 10-year journey home of Odysseus, King of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy. The epic poem follows his adventures and troubles faced on his voyage back to Ithaca.
- The summary outlines the main characters in The Odyssey including Odysseus, his wife Penelope, their son Telemachus, and gods that help or hinder Odysseus like Athena and Poseidon
Creating an English School Newspaper is an enjoyable, creative and educational process! This project aspires to involve many European learners in the creation of a common Newspaper! Each issue will thematic, so that all participants can get an idea of what is going on in their partners' side. Participant learners will also have the opportunity to interact via Twinspace, improving thus their speaking/typing along with their writing skills! Practising skills simulates real-life communication in a fun-filled project that will help everyone realize the emergence of English as an international language and expand their horizons. Learners will also have the opportunity to feel like citizens of the world, members of a vast community, outside the barriers of their local surroundings. Using English as the vehicle, this project will provide useful insight on their peers' daily routine, interests, customs and mentality, aloowing everyone thus to become more tolerant with diversity.
Learning to read Greek with Hercules - Leer Griego con HérculesMercedes Casuso
Heracles was sent to capture the Cretan Bull as one of his twelve labors. The Cretan Bull was a dangerous beast that was ravaging the island of Crete. After defeating the bull in combat, Heracles brought it back alive.
The Iliad by Homer recounts tensions in the tenth year of the Trojan War. After the Greeks' leader Agamemnon refuses to release a priest's daughter, a plague strikes the Greeks. To end the plague, Agamemnon agrees to release the daughter but takes Achilles' girlfriend. Enraged, Achilles refuses to fight further. With the Greeks losing battles without Achilles, his friend Patroklos fights in his armor but is killed by Hector. Grieving, Achilles rejoins the battle and kills Hector in revenge before allowing Hector's father to claim his body.
This document provides an overview of Greek mythology and focuses on Homer's epic poem The Odyssey. It discusses the origins of Greek myths and their purposes. It then summarizes the plot of The Odyssey, describing Odysseus's 10 year journey home after the Trojan War and the challenges he faced. The document also profiles many of the major gods and figures from Greek mythology mentioned in The Odyssey, including Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Athena, Hermes, Circe, Calypso and others.
Hercules was born to Zeus and Alcmene but faced the wrath of Zeus' jealous wife Hera from birth. To atone for a crime committed under Hera's spell, Hercules was ordered to complete 12 near impossible labors. These included slaying the Nemean Lion, Lernaean Hydra, and capturing the Golden Hind, Erymanthean Boar, and Cretan Bull. After completing all 12 labors, Hercules achieved immortality and spent the rest of eternity with the gods on Mount Olympus.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It discusses the epic form, including conventions like invoking the muses, beginning the story in medias res, using stock epithets and formulaic language, and including long formal speeches. It summarizes the events that led to the Trojan War, focusing on the role of Achilles and the consequences of his rage, which is the central theme of the poem. Key elements like foreshadowing and analyzing confusing language are also discussed.
- Heracles is considered the greatest of all Greek heroes known for his immense strength.
- He was born from an affair between Zeus and a mortal woman and faced persecution from Hera throughout his life.
- To atone for a murder committed during a bout of madness, Heracles was forced to complete twelve difficult labors assigned by Eurystheus, which helped him achieve immortality.
- Heracles demonstrated extreme characteristics including great bravery but also excessive rage and appetites, representing the complexities and contradictions of the human condition.
Hercules is considered one of the greatest heroes of ancient times. According to myth, he was tasked with completing 12 nearly impossible labors as penance for killing his family. These labors included slaying the Nemean lion and Lernean hydra. Despite facing opposition from Hera, who sought to kill him, Hercules completed all of the labors through his immense strength and courage. Upon his death, the gods rewarded Hercules for his heroic deeds by making him immortal and bringing him to Mount Olympus.
Heracles, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, was tasked by King Eurystheus with completing 12 labors to atone for killing his family. The labors included capturing the Nemean Lion, slaying the Lernean Hydra, and stealing the girdle of Hippolyte, queen of the Amazons. Despite obstacles and dangers, Heracles was able to complete each labor through his immense strength, bravery, and help from allies like Chiron the centaur.
Heracles was a strong and courageous hero from Greek mythology known for killing dangerous monsters. As the son of Zeus and Alcmene, he completed many heroic labors including strangling snakes sent by Hera and slaying the Nemean Lion with his bare hands. Though powerful, Heracles lacked intelligence. He is portrayed as extremely muscular and often wields a club.
Hercules was tasked with 12 labors by King Eurystheus. He was sometimes accompanied by male companions like Iolaus, which led Eurystheus to discount some labors from the official count. The traditional order of the 12 labors included slaying the Nemean lion, slaying the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Golden Hind of Artemis, capturing the Erymanthian Boar, cleaning the Augean stables in a day, slaying the Stymphalian Birds, capturing the Cretan Bull, stealing the Mares of Diomedes, obtaining the Girdle of Queen Hippolyta, and obtaining the Cattle of Geryon.
Heracles was a strong and brave Greek hero, the son of Zeus and Alcmene. He was known for completing 12 difficult labors as punishment from Hera for killing his family in a fit of madness. Some of his labors included defeating the Hydra and capturing Cerberus. Heracles was considered both a hero and a god due to his divine father. He is remembered as the greatest Greek hero for his courage and strength.
Hercules was the son of Zeus and Alcmena. He had many famous labors assigned to him by King Eurystheus to prove his strength, including killing the Nemean Lion, defeating the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Cretan Bull, and stealing the golden apples of Hesperides. Hercules completed all twelve labors successfully with help from friends like Iolaus, nephew Theseus, and the prophet Teiresias before dying after his final labor of capturing Cerberus from the underworld.
The document provides background information on the Trojan War and characters from Homer's Odyssey such as Odysseus, Calypso, and the Cyclops. It includes passages from the Odyssey and questions about the text. Students are asked to analyze characters, compare artistic depictions of the Cyclops, and reflect on how Odysseus deals with dangerous situations using qualities like courage and intelligence. The questions assess understanding of key events and characters from the Odyssey.
Hercules was the son of Zeus and Alcmene. He undertook 12 difficult labours as penance for killing his family. These included slaying the Nemean lion, defeating the Lernaean Hydra, capturing the Ceryneian Hind, killing the Erymanthian Boar, cleaning the Augean stables, slaying the Stymphalian birds, capturing the Cretan bull, stealing the mares of Diomedes, taking the belt of Hippolyte, stealing the cattle of Geryon, obtaining the golden apples of Hesperides, and capturing Cerberus, the hound of Hades. Through these labours, Hercules cleansed himself of
Hercules, also known as Heracles, was a hero of Greek mythology known for his immense strength and for undertaking 12 near-impossible tasks, known as the Labors of Hercules. The document describes each of the 12 Labors in detail, including capturing the Nemean Lion, slaying the Hydra, cleaning the Augean stables, and capturing Cerberus from the Underworld. It also provides background on Hercules' birth to the god Zeus and mortal woman, his madness and killing of his children, and his eventual deification as a god after his death from Hydra venom poisoning.
Hercules was tasked with completing 12 labors as penance for killing his family. The document details each of the 12 labors Hercules had to undertake, including capturing the Nemean Lion, defeating the Lernean Hydra, capturing the Cretan Bull, stealing the horses of Diomedes, and obtaining the golden apples from the garden of Hesperides. It describes the challenges Hercules faced in each labor and how he was able to complete the seemingly impossible tasks.
The document provides an introduction to Homer's epic poem The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer was a blind minstrel who told stories orally to entertain audiences. While the details of Homer's life are vague, he is credited as the author of two epic poems - The Iliad which describes the Trojan War, and The Odyssey which tells the story of Odysseus's journey home after the war. The Odyssey follows Odysseus over ten years as he faces obstacles placed by gods and encounters fantastical places and creatures on his voyage.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It defines terms related to epic poetry like epithet, archetype, and oral tradition. It summarizes some key events in The Odyssey, including Odysseus spending years trapped on the island of Calypso. It also outlines Odysseus' initial encounters with the cyclops Polyphemus on his journey home to Ithaca after the Trojan War, including Odysseus and his men exploring Polyphemus' cave while he is away.
The document provides backstories and meanings for character names that could be used in various genres of fiction stories. It explains the meanings and origins of names like Harold, Ana, Jules, Karen, and Penny, often connecting them to real people like scientists or architects. It then suggests potential names for protagonists and antagonists in stories from different genres like science fiction, romance, mystery, and more.
This document provides information about fables and includes summaries of several fables:
1. A fable is a short story using animals, objects, or forces of nature as characters to convey a moral lesson. Most fables are attributed to Aesop, a Greek slave whose skill in crafting fables gained him freedom and status.
2. The fable of "The Fox and the Crow" tells of a fox who tricks a crow into dropping her cheese by flattering her singing. The moral is "Do not trust flatterers."
3. "The Town Mouse and the Country Mouse" contrasts the dangers of city life with the simplicity and security of country living. The country mouse prefers her
- The document provides an introduction to Homer and his epic poems The Iliad and The Odyssey. It discusses that Homer was likely a Greek poet from around 750-700 BCE and is credited as the author of these two seminal works of ancient Greek literature.
- It summarizes The Odyssey as focusing on the 10-year journey home of Odysseus, King of Ithaca, after the fall of Troy. The epic poem follows his adventures and troubles faced on his voyage back to Ithaca.
- The summary outlines the main characters in The Odyssey including Odysseus, his wife Penelope, their son Telemachus, and gods that help or hinder Odysseus like Athena and Poseidon
Creating an English School Newspaper is an enjoyable, creative and educational process! This project aspires to involve many European learners in the creation of a common Newspaper! Each issue will thematic, so that all participants can get an idea of what is going on in their partners' side. Participant learners will also have the opportunity to interact via Twinspace, improving thus their speaking/typing along with their writing skills! Practising skills simulates real-life communication in a fun-filled project that will help everyone realize the emergence of English as an international language and expand their horizons. Learners will also have the opportunity to feel like citizens of the world, members of a vast community, outside the barriers of their local surroundings. Using English as the vehicle, this project will provide useful insight on their peers' daily routine, interests, customs and mentality, aloowing everyone thus to become more tolerant with diversity.
Learning to read Greek with Hercules - Leer Griego con HérculesMercedes Casuso
Heracles was sent to capture the Cretan Bull as one of his twelve labors. The Cretan Bull was a dangerous beast that was ravaging the island of Crete. After defeating the bull in combat, Heracles brought it back alive.
The Iliad by Homer recounts tensions in the tenth year of the Trojan War. After the Greeks' leader Agamemnon refuses to release a priest's daughter, a plague strikes the Greeks. To end the plague, Agamemnon agrees to release the daughter but takes Achilles' girlfriend. Enraged, Achilles refuses to fight further. With the Greeks losing battles without Achilles, his friend Patroklos fights in his armor but is killed by Hector. Grieving, Achilles rejoins the battle and kills Hector in revenge before allowing Hector's father to claim his body.
This document provides an overview of Greek mythology and focuses on Homer's epic poem The Odyssey. It discusses the origins of Greek myths and their purposes. It then summarizes the plot of The Odyssey, describing Odysseus's 10 year journey home after the Trojan War and the challenges he faced. The document also profiles many of the major gods and figures from Greek mythology mentioned in The Odyssey, including Zeus, Poseidon, Hades, Athena, Hermes, Circe, Calypso and others.
Hercules was born to Zeus and Alcmene but faced the wrath of Zeus' jealous wife Hera from birth. To atone for a crime committed under Hera's spell, Hercules was ordered to complete 12 near impossible labors. These included slaying the Nemean Lion, Lernaean Hydra, and capturing the Golden Hind, Erymanthean Boar, and Cretan Bull. After completing all 12 labors, Hercules achieved immortality and spent the rest of eternity with the gods on Mount Olympus.
The document provides background information on Homer's epic poem "The Iliad". It discusses the epic form, including conventions like invoking the muses, beginning the story in medias res, using stock epithets and formulaic language, and including long formal speeches. It summarizes the events that led to the Trojan War, focusing on the role of Achilles and the consequences of his rage, which is the central theme of the poem. Key elements like foreshadowing and analyzing confusing language are also discussed.
- Heracles is considered the greatest of all Greek heroes known for his immense strength.
- He was born from an affair between Zeus and a mortal woman and faced persecution from Hera throughout his life.
- To atone for a murder committed during a bout of madness, Heracles was forced to complete twelve difficult labors assigned by Eurystheus, which helped him achieve immortality.
- Heracles demonstrated extreme characteristics including great bravery but also excessive rage and appetites, representing the complexities and contradictions of the human condition.
Hercules is considered one of the greatest heroes of ancient times. According to myth, he was tasked with completing 12 nearly impossible labors as penance for killing his family. These labors included slaying the Nemean lion and Lernean hydra. Despite facing opposition from Hera, who sought to kill him, Hercules completed all of the labors through his immense strength and courage. Upon his death, the gods rewarded Hercules for his heroic deeds by making him immortal and bringing him to Mount Olympus.
The document provides details about the Greek hero Hercules and his famous 12 labors. It describes each labor in detail including symbols and meanings represented by aspects of the myths. The labors included killing the Nemean lion, defeating the Lernaean hydra, capturing the golden hind of Artemis, killing the Stymphalian birds, cleaning the Augean stables, capturing the Cretan bull, defeating the mares of Diomedes, taking the belt of Hippolyta, obtaining the cattle of Geryon, stealing the apples of Hesperides, capturing Cerberus, and releasing Prometheus. The document concludes with Hercules marrying Deianeira which leads to his death and subsequent
Hermes is an immortal Greek god known as the messenger of the gods. He was born in a cave on Mount Cyllene and demonstrated cleverness and skill at a young age by stealing Apollo's cattle and inventing the lyre using a tortoise shell. As the messenger god, Hermes guides souls to the underworld and carries Zeus's messages. Stories about Hermes emphasize his trickster nature but also portray him as a helpful god in Greek mythology.
The document provides information on the Greek hero Heracles/Hercules, including his divine parentage by Zeus, his famous twelve labors assigned by Eurystheus, and his characteristics as a hero in Greek mythology such as immense strength, encounters with supernatural beings, and a quest for immortality. It also summarizes Heracles' relationships with women, acts of violence, and chthonic encounters in the underworld during his quests.
This document summarizes the key events in the myth of Heracles. It describes how Heracles was born to Zeus and Alcmene, which made him a demigod. It then outlines several of Heracles' famous labors that he undertook as atonement for killing his family, including slaying the Nemean lion. The summary concludes by describing how Heracles was reconciled with Hera and became immortalized as a god.
This document provides information on the characters and plot of the story of Hercules. It describes Hercules as the son of Zeus and Alcmena who was tasked with completing twelve near impossible labors to atone for killing his family after being driven mad by Hera. It lists the characters and provides brief descriptions of each of the twelve labors Hercules had to undertake, concluding with his death caused by accidental poisoning from his wife Deianira's love potion.
The document discusses ancient Greek heroes and mythology. It provides definitions of heroes and lists common characteristics and motifs found in heroic myths. Some key heroes discussed include Heracles, Theseus, Orpheus, Bellerophon, Perseus, Oedipus, Jason, and Achilles. For each, it summarizes their backstories and major exploits. The document also covers genealogies of heroes and how they were important to Greek identity. It concludes with examples of riddles and prompts for creating an original myth.
Hercules was a famous Greek hero known for his immense strength, who was born the son of Zeus but hated by his wife Hera. Despite facing many challenges put in his path by Hera, such as being driven to madness and killing his family, Hercules went on to complete the famous Twelve Labors assigned to him by King Eurystheus to atone for his actions. The document discusses Hercules' origins and birth, his training as a youth, his marriage and family, his madness induced by Hera, and the legendary Twelve Labors he had to complete.
The document provides biographies of several Greek and Roman heroes, including:
1) Achilles, who was dipped in the river Styx as a child making him invulnerable except for his heel; he led Greek armies in the Trojan War but was killed when shot in the heel.
2) Hercules, who had to complete twelve difficult tasks as punishment including killing various monsters; he displayed great strength and courage in completing the tasks.
3) Jason, who led a group of heroes called the Argonauts on a quest to find the Golden Fleece, encountering many dangers along the way.
4) Odysseus, who fought bravely in the Trojan War
Aldi was founded in Germany in 1913 and has since expanded globally. They focus on keeping costs low through strategies like affordable prices, limited product selection, and efficient operations. This case study analyzes Aldi's business model, strategies, and external factors influencing its success. A SWOT, PESTEL, Porter's 5 Forces, and BCG matrix are used to evaluate Aldi's position and recommend further expanding product offerings and entering new markets in Asia.
Segmentation, Targetteing and Positioning.pptSairish khokhar
To enhance your marketing skills. To learn consumer behavior is excellent work. So here we short listed this consumer behavior by segmentation, targeting and positioning them.
the ppt shows the inner images of components of laptop along with their functions. which can help beginners to understand the working of laptop. and how could they modify it.
Tencent is a Chinese conglomerate founded in 1998 that provides internet and technology services. It has over 112,000 employees worldwide and divisions include games, music, and pictures. Tencent aims to use technology for good and connect over 1 billion people while incorporating social responsibility into its products and services. One of Tencent's biggest future challenges will be managing compensation and workloads to prevent high turnover rates.
The document summarizes the Greek myth of Jason and the Argonauts' quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece from Colchis. It describes how King Pelias usurped the throne from Jason's father and an oracle said Pelias would be killed by a descendant of Jason's father. Jason was raised by the centaur Chiron. When Pelias met the one-sandaled Jason, he sent him on a quest to retrieve the Golden Fleece. Jason assembled a crew that included many great heroes. They had many adventures on their journey, including encounters with the Lemnian women and King Amycus. They received guidance from Phineus and passed through the Symplegades rocks. In Colchis, King
This document provides a historical overview of mythology from the Paleolithic period to modern times. It describes how mythology evolved with humanity, from early hunter-gatherer societies that worshipped sky gods, to agrarian societies that revered mother earth goddesses, to the rise of civilizations and their creation myths explaining the origins of the world. Key periods discussed include the Neolithic era, early civilizations like Mesopotamia and Egypt, and the Axial Age which saw the emergence of major world religions.
The document summarizes several Greek myths. It describes how Sisyphus was punished in the underworld by being forced to roll a boulder up a hill for eternity. It also tells the story of Daedalus and his nephew Perdix, and how Daedalus killed Perdix out of jealousy. Daedalus then fled to Crete where he helped Pasiphae mate with a bull and built the labyrinth to contain the Minotaur. It concludes with how Daedalus and his son Icarus tried to escape the lab
1) There were several ancient Greek creation myths, including the Pelasgian myth where Eurynome separated earth and sky and created other gods from a universal egg.
2) The Homeric and Orphic myths were similar but had Oceanus or Night and Wind playing the role of the first beings instead of Eurynome.
3) Hesiod's Theogony and Ovid's Metamorphoses were two philosophical creation myths describing how Gaia, Uranus, and other early gods came into existence.
4) The dominant Olympian creation myth told of Cronus castrating Uranus, and Zeus later overthrowing Cronus with the help of other gods to become the ruler of the
The document discusses various philosophical methods, including:
- Empiricism, which holds that all knowledge comes from sense experience and observation.
- Skepticism, which doubts claims to knowledge and questions established doctrines.
- Rationalism, which believes that reason, not just experience, can lead to knowledge.
- The dialectical method, which involves a discourse between opposing views to determine truth through reasoned arguments.
- Pre-Socratic philosophy focused on rational explanations of the natural world rather than attributing everything to gods.
The document discusses theories of language acquisition, including behaviorist and mentalist perspectives. It focuses on behaviorist theories proposed by Ivan Pavlov, John Watson, and B.F. Skinner. Pavlov discovered classical conditioning through his dog experiments. Watson further applied classical conditioning to humans in his "Little Albert" experiment. Skinner proposed operant conditioning through his rat experiments in a "Skinner Box." Behaviorists believe language is learned through positive and negative reinforcement from the environment, while mentalists believe an innate language acquisition device is involved.
Culture is defined as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values and ideas that characterize a society. Language is the primary means of preserving and transmitting culture between generations. There is a close relationship between language and culture - they influence each other. Language reflects the physical and social environment of its culture through vocabulary related to areas like climate, occupations, and kinship terms. Different cultures categorize family relationships differently, and this is reflected in their language.
The key symbols in "A Pair of Silk Stockings" are Mrs. Sommers' old cotton stockings, representing her past struggles, and her new silk stockings, representing her momentary return to a higher social class. The $15 she finds also symbolizes both her past difficulties and her brief glimpse of an easier future. Through these and other symbols like gloves and magazines, the story reveals Mrs. Sommers' internal conflict between caring for her family and indulging her own desires.
A good citizen plays an active role in society by obeying laws, respecting authority, and contributing to the community through civic duties like participation in sectors like agriculture, health, and education. Some key qualities of good citizenship include patriotism through loyalty to one's country, respect for others' rights and opinions, honesty, moral courage, responsibility, self-discipline, perseverance, compassion, and a passion for equality. Being a good citizen means understanding one's duties to support institutions like the military and government that protect citizens, and respecting diversity in society.
A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and a verb. It can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb but does not express a complete idea on its own. There are four main types of phrases: noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, and adverb phrases. A sentence contains both a subject and a predicate and can stand alone, while clauses contain a subject and verb but may or may not be able to stand alone. Subject-verb agreement requires that the verb matches the subject in number - singular verbs must go with singular subjects and plural verbs with plural subjects.
This document defines and provides examples of simple, compound, and complex sentences. A simple sentence contains one independent clause. A compound sentence contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction. A complex sentence contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses joined by a subordinating conjunction. Examples of each sentence type are given to illustrate their structures. Complex-compound sentences containing both independent and dependent clauses are also described.
There are four main types of sentences defined by their function: declarative sentences make statements, interrogative sentences ask questions, imperative sentences give commands or requests, and exclamatory sentences express strong feelings. Declarative sentences typically have a subject followed by a predicate and end with a period. Interrogative sentences can be yes/no questions, alternative questions using "or", wh- questions starting with "what" or "where", or tag questions ending with a tag. Imperative sentences give commands and always have an understood "you" as the subject, ending with a period. Exclamatory sentences convey emotion through exclamation points or periods.
1) The document provides background on the 2004 film Troy, based on the epic poem The Iliad, including its plot, characters, production details, and critical reception.
2) It summarizes the plot, which follows the story of the Trojan Prince Paris abducting Helen from Sparta, sparking the Trojan War. It describes key events like Achilles' role in battle and his killing of Hector.
3) It also lists details on the cast and crew, such as Brad Pitt playing Achilles and director Wolfgang Petersen. Production involved locations in Malta and Mexico to stand in for Troy.
This document discusses various barriers to communication. It identifies physical, semantic/language, socio-psychological, organizational, and cross-cultural barriers. Physical barriers include large work areas, closed doors, and noise. Semantic barriers involve words with multiple meanings or pronunciations. Socio-psychological barriers stem from human psychology like inattention or status differences. Organizational barriers occur from message distortion between levels. Cross-cultural barriers involve differences in concepts of space, gestures, and traditions across cultures. The document provides recommendations to overcome these barriers through appropriate environments, simple language, active listening, understanding different cultures, and creating open communication channels.
A good citizen plays an active role in society, understands both their privileges and duties as a citizen, and is a blessing to society. Key qualities of good citizenship include patriotism, respecting authority and laws, contributing to the community through civic participation, courtesy, honesty, tolerance, moral courage, responsibility, self-discipline, and respect for others regardless of nationality. Being a good citizen means understanding citizenship as both a legal status and membership that comes with obligations to one's country.
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Communicating effectively and consistently with students can help them feel at ease during their learning experience and provide the instructor with a communication trail to track the course's progress. This workshop will take you through constructing an engaging course container to facilitate effective communication.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
2. Ten motifs frequently appear:
(1) The hero usually has elements of the
extraordinary linked to his birth and his childhood.
(2) He inevitably (naguzer) faces opposition of one
sort or another from the beginning, and as a result
he must prove his inherent worth by surmounting
(overcome) challenges of every kind.
(3) His enemy or enemies usually instigate (brkany,
uksany) his achievement.
(4) he is helped by at least one ally(ithadi), divine or
human.
3. • (5) He faces apparently insuperable(of a difficulty) obstacles, often
labors that must be accomplished or a quest (lmby arsy ki talash)
that must be completed.
• (6) Adventurous conflicts with divine, human, or monstrous
opponents present him with physical, sexual, and spiritual
challenges. (7) He may also have to observe taboos(mumanat)—he
must not, for example, look back, eat of a forbidden fruit, or be too
inquisitive(mtjasus).
• (8) Death itself is the ultimate(final) conquest, usually achieved by
going to and returning from the Underworld.
• (9) The hero's success may be rewarded with marriage, political
security, or wealth and power.
• (10) But knowledge through suffering and more lasting spiritual
enlightenment (literal or symbolic)— entailingانقالب )سفید
purification, rebirth, redemption(rhae), and even
edification(traki)—are also part of a hero's attainment.
4. • Some heroes do not always act as heroes and reveal their
feet of clay, and all heroes, to be sure, do not live happily
ever after; a few of them are even undone by the heroines
with whom they are associated. Witness(gwah) the life and
humiliating demise(intqal) of Jason and the death of
Heracles, both excruciating(inthae tklef) and glorious at one
and the same time; Theseus too suffers a miserable end as
a dishonored exile.
5. • Heroines also provide motifs(bunyadi khyal) that are just as
intriguing(dilchsp) and varied as those of the heroes. They
usually are of royal or divine stature, are possessed of
extraordinary beauty, wield(lgana) great power, and
become the mothers of heroes.
• (1) The girl leaves home.
• (2) The girl is secluded(weran) beside a river, in a tower, in a
forest, etc.).
• (3) She is made pregnant by a god.
• (4) She suffers punishment or rejection or a similar
unpleasant consequence.
6. • As the lover or the wife of a hero, a heroine can perform great feats
because of passionate devotion.
• Heroes can be destroyed by heroines through cleverness or
guile(fraib), for example:
• Medea
• Clytemnestra
• Helen of Troy
• Penelope
7. • Electryon, king of Mycenae, and his sons fought at Mycenae against the sons
of Pterelaus, king of the Teleboans (a people of western Greece). Only one
son from each family survived. The Teleboans then retreated(pichy htna) ,
taking with them Electryon's cattle. Electryon planned to attack the Teleboans
and made Amphitryon (son of his brother, Alcaeus) king in his place,
betrothing(mngni krna) him to his daughter Alcmene.
• Amphitryon recovered the stolen cattle by paying ransom(rhae dilana) to King
Elis, and while he was herding them, he threw his club(neza) at one of them
and accidentally killed Electryon. For his homicide(mrdam kashi), he was
exiled from Mycenae, while his uncle Sthenelus became king.
8. • Taking Alcmena, Amphitryon went to Thebes, where Creon purified him.
Alcmena, nevertheless, refused to lie with Amphitryon until he had
avenged the death of her brothers by punishing the Teleboans.3
Amphitryon's expedition was successful through the treachery(be
wafae) of Comaetho, daughter of the Teleboan king Pterelaus. Out of
love for Amphitryon she pulled from Pterelaus' head the golden hair that
guaranteed him immortality and made the Teleboans invincible(na kabil
e tskheer)
• . Thus Pterelaus died and Amphitryon was victorious. Amphitryon killed
Comaetho and returned to Thebes.
9. • Meanwhile, Zeus, taking advantage of Amphitryon’s absence,
impersonated him and, assuring Alcmene that her brothers were now
avenged—since Amphitryon had indeed gained the required victory
that very morning—lay with her all one night, to which he gave the
length of three because the procreation of so great a champion as
Zeus had in mind could not be accomplished in haste.
• On the next day, when Amphitryon returned, eloquent(bht zyada
bolny wala) of victory and of his passion for her, Alcmcne did not
welcome him and said “surely you do not expect me to listen twice to
the story of your exploits(fatuhat)?”
10. • Amphitryon, unable to understand these remarks, consulted the seer
Teiresias, who told him that Alcemene had been impregnated by
Zeus; and thereafter he never dared sleep with Alcmene again, for
fear of incurring divine jealousy.
• Nine months later, on Olympus, Zeus happened to boast that he had
fathered a son, now at the point of birth, who would be called
Heracles, which means ‘Glory of Hera’, and rule the noble House of
Perseus. Hera thereupon made him promise that any prince born
before nightfell to the House of Perseus should be High King.
11. • When Zeus swore(kasm khae the) an unbreakable oath(half) to this
effect, Hera went at once to Mycenae, where she hastened the pangs
of Nicippe, wife of King Sthenelus. She then hurried to Thebes, and
squatted cross-legged at Alcmene’s door, with her clothing tied into
knots, and her fingers locked together; by which means she delayed
the birth of Heracles, until Eurystheus, son of Sthenelus, a seven-
months child, already lay in his cradle.
• When Heracles appeared, one hour too late, he was found to have a
twin named Iphicles, Amphitryon’s son and the younger by a night. At
first, Heracles was called Alcaeus, or Palaemon.
12. • Though Zeus could not go back on his word and allow Heracles to rule
the House of Perseus, he persuaded Hera to agree that, after
performing whatever twelve labours Eurystheus might set him, his son
should become a god.
• Hera also sent a pair of snakes to kill the infant Heracles, whose birth
she had not been able to prevent.
• Thus Heracles survived. In his education he was taught chariot driving
by Amphitryon, wrestling by Autolycus, archery by Eurytus, and music
by Linus.
13. THE MADNESS OF HERACLES
• Some time later, Hera brought about a fit of madness in which Heracles
killed Megara and her children. When he recovered his sanity, he left
Thebes and went first to Thespiae, where Thespius purified him, and
then to Delphi, where he sought further advice. Here the priestess of
Apollo called him Heracles for the first time (until then he had been
known as Alcides) and told him to go to Tiryns and there for twelve
years serve Eurystheus, performing the labors that he would impose. If
he did them, she said, he would become immortal.
14. THE TWELVE LABOURS
• The Greek word for labors is athloi, which really means contests
undertaken for a prize. In Heracles' case the prize was immortality, and at
least three of his Labors are really conquests of death.6 Heracles did not
always perform the Labors unaided; sometimes Athena helped him,
sometimes his nephew, Iolaus. The first six Labors all take place in the
Peloponnese, the remaining six in different parts of the world. In these
Heracles has changed from a local hero into the benefactor of all
humankind. The list of the labors varies, but the twelve given are
traditional
15. 1. The Nemean Lion
• Heracles was required to bring the skin of this beast to
Eurystheus. He killed it with a club that he had himself cut. The
lion was invulnerable(jisy zahm na lagy), and Heracles had to
strangle(gala goontna) it and then flay(skin utanarna) it by
using its own claws(panjy) to cut its hide. The club and lion skin
henceforth(aj k bad) were Heracles' weapon and clothing and
are his attributes(sifat) in art and literature.
16.
17. 2. The Lernaean Hydra
• This serpent(izdaha) lived in the swamps(daldal) of Lerna, near Argos. It had
nine heads, of which eight were mortal and the ninth immortal. Each time
Heracles clubbed a head off, two grew in its place. The labor was made the
harder by a huge crab(kekra), which Hera sent to aid the Hydra. First Heracles
killed this monster, and then killed the Hydra, helped by his nephew, Iolaiis,
son of Iphicles. Each time he removed one of the heads, Iolaiis cauterized(dag
dena) the stump with a burning brand so that another could not grow.
Heracles buried the immortal head under a huge rock. He then dipped his
arrows in the Hydra's poison.
21. • The hind had golden horns and was sacred to Artemis; it took
its name from Mt. Cerynea in Arcadia.7 It was harmless, nor
might it be harmed without incurring(mol lena) Artemis'
wrath(gussa). After pursuing(picha krna) it for a year Heracles
caught it by the river Ladon, and carried it back to Eurystheus.
On the way Artemis met him and claimed her sacred animal,
but she was appeased(mutmain) when Heracles laid the blame
on Eurystheus.
23. • This destructive animal had to be brought back alive from Mt.
Erymanthus. Heracles chased the boar into deep snow and there
trapped it with nets.
• On his way to the chase, Heracles was entertained by the
centaur(do nasl) Pholus, who set before him a jar of wine that
belonged to all the centaurs in common. When it was opened,
the other centaurs, attracted by its fragrance, attacked Heracles,
who repelled(door hatana) and pursued them. Most of them
were scattered all over Greece.
24. 5. The Augean Stables
• Augeas, son of Helius (the Sun) and king of Elis, owned vast herds of
cattle whose stables(astabl) had never been cleaned out. Heracles was
commanded by Eurystheus to perform the task, and successfully
achieved it within one day by diverting the rivers Alpheus and Peneus so
that they flowed through the stables. Augeas agreed to give Heracles
one-tenth of his herds as a reward, but refused to keep his promise and
expelled both Heracles and his own son Phyleus (who had taken
Heracles' part in the quarrel).
25. •After he had finished the Labors, Heracles returned to
Elis at the head of an army, took the city, and killed
Augeas, making Phyleus king in his place.
•It was after this expedition that Heracles was said to
have instituted the Olympic Games, the greatest of
Greek festivals, held every four years in honor of Zeus.
He marked out the stadium by pacing it out himself.
28. • HERACLES’S Sixth Labour was to remove the countless brazen-beaked,
brazen-clawed, brazen-winged, man-eating birds, sacred to Ares which
killed men and beasts by discharging a shower of brazen feathers and at
the same time muting a poisonous excrement(fuzla), which blighted the
crops.
• On arrival at the marsh, which lay surrounded by dense woods, Heracles
found himself unable to drive away the birds with his arrows; they were
too numerous. Moreover, the marsh seemed neither solid enough to
support a man walking, nor liquid enough for the use of a boat.
29. • As Heracles paused(rok lena) irresolutely(mtlon mzaj) on the bank, Athena
gave him a pair of brazen castanets, made by Hephaestus; or it may have
been a rattle. Standing on a spur of Mount Cyllene, which overlooks the
marsh, Heracles clacked the castanets, or shook the rattle, raising such a
din that the birds soared up in one great flock, mad with terror. He shot
down scores of them as they flew off to the Isle of Ares in the Black Sea.
30. 7. The Cretan Bull
• EURYSTHEUS ordered Heracles, as his Seventh Labour, to capture the
Cretan Bull. When Heracles sailed to Crete, Minos offered him every
assistance in his power, but he preferred to capture the bull single-handed.
After a long struggle, he brought the monster across to Mycenae, where
Eurystheus, dedicating it to Hera, set it free. Hera however, loathing a gift
which redounded to Heracles’s glory, drove the bull first to Sparta, and
then back through Arcadia and across the Isthmus to Attic Marathon,
whence Theseus later dragged it to Athens as a sacrifice to Athene.
31. 8. The Mares Of Diomedes
•EURYSTHEUS ordered Heracles, as his Eighth Labour, to
capture the four savage mares of Thracian King Diomedes,
that were fed human flesh.
•he overcame them by ingeniously cutting a channel which
caused the sea to flood the low-lying plain; when they
turned to run, he pursued them, stunned Diomedes with
his club, dragged his body around the lake that had now
formed, and set it before his own mares, which tore at the
still living flesh. Their hunger being now fully assuaged, he
mastered them without much trouble.
32. 9. The Girdle of Hippolyta
• HERACLES’S Ninth Labour was to fetch for Eurystheus’s daughter Admete
the golden girdle of Ares worn by the Amazonian queen Hippolyte. Taking
one ship or, some say, nine, and a company of volunteers, among whom
were Iolaus, Telamon of Aegina, Peleus of Iolcus and, according to some
accounts, Theseus of Athens, Heracles set sail for the river Thermodon.
33. • The Amazons made their men perform all household tasks, while
the women fought and governed. The arms and legs of infant boys
were therefore broken to incapacitate them for war or travel.
These warrior women showed no regard for justice or decency, but
were famous warriors, being the first to employ cavalry(gur swar
foj). They carried brazen bows and short shields shaped like a half
moon; their helmets, clothes, and girdles were made from the
skins of wild beasts.
34. • Hippolyte paid Heracles a visit and, attracted by his muscular body,
offered him Ares’s girdle as a love gift. But Hera had meanwhile gone
about, disguised in Amazon dress, spreading a rumour that these
strangers planned to abduct Hippolyte; whereupon the incensed
warrior-women mounted their horses and charged down on the ship.
Heracles, suspecting treachery, killed Hippolyte off-hand, removed her
girdle, seized her axe and other weapons, and prepared to defend
himself. He killed each of the Amazon leaders in turn, putting their
army to flight after great slaughter.
36. • HERACLES’s Tenth Labour was to fetch the famous cattle of
Geryon from Erytheia, an island near the Ocean stream,
without either demand or payment. Geryon, was the King of
Tartessus in Spain, and reputed the strongest man alive. He
had been born with three heads, six hands and three bodies
joined together at the waist. Geryon’s cattle, beasts of
marvellous beauty, were guarded by the herdsman Eurytion,
son of Ares, and by the two-headed watchdog Orthrus.
37. • Helius lent Heracles his golden goblet, shaped like a water-lily, in which
he sailed to Erytheia.
• On his arrival, he ascended Mount Abas. The dog Orthrus rushed at
him, barking, but Heracles’s club struck him lifeless; and Eurytion,
Geryon’s herdsman, hurrying to Orthrus’s aid, lied in the same manner.
• Challenged to battle, Heracles ran to Geryon’s flank and shot him
sideways through all three bodies with a single arrow; but some say
that he stood his ground and let loose a flight of three arrows.
38. 1 1 . The Apples of the Hesperides
• The Eleventh Labour was to fetch fruit from the golden apple-tree,
Mother Earth’s wedding gift to Hera, with which she had been so
delighted that she planted it in her own divine garden. This garden lay
on the slopes of Mount Atlas.
• When Hera found, one day, that Atlas’s daughters, the Hesperides, to
whom she had entrusted the tree, were pilfering the apples, she set
the ever-watchful dragon Ladon to coil around the tree as its guardian.
39. • Heracles, not knowing in what direction the Garden of the Hesperides lay,
marched through Illyria to the river Po, the home of the oracular sea-god
Nereus. Some say, however, that Heracles went to Prometheus for this
information.
• Nereus had advised Heracles not to pluck the apples himself, but to employ
Atlas as his agent, meanwhile relieving him of his fantastic burden;
therefore, on arriving at the Garden of the Hesperides, he asked Atlas to do
him this favour. Atlas would have undertaken almost any task for the sake
of an hour’s respite, but he feared Ladon, whom Heracles thereupon killed
with an arrow shot over the garden wall.
40. • Heracles now bent his back to receive the weight of the celestial globe, and
Atlas walked away, returning presently with three apples plucked by his
daughters. He found the sense of freedom delicious. ‘I will take these apples
to Eurystheus myself without fail,’ he said, ‘if you hold up the heavens for a
few months longer.’ Heracles pretended to agree but, having been warned by
Nereus not to accept any such offer, begged Atlas to support the globe for
only one moment more, while he put a pad on his head. Atlas, easily
deceived, laid the apples on the ground and resumed his burden; whereupon
Heracles picked them up and went away with a farewell.
41. •After some months Heracles brought the apples to
Eurystheus, who handed them back to him; he then gave
them to Athene, and she returned them to the nymphs,
since it was unlawful that Hera’s property should pass from
their hands.
•This labor is a conquest of death. The apples are symbols of
immortality, and the tree in the garden of the Hesperides is
a kind of Tree of Life.
42. 12. The Capture Of Cerberus
• HERACLES’S last, and most difficult, Labour was to bring the dog
Cerberus up from Underworld.
• He was guided by Athene and Hermes—for whenever, exhausted by his
Labours, he cried out in despair to Zeus, Athene always came hastening
down to comfort him. Terrified by Heracles’s scowl, Charon fortied him
across the river Styx without demur; in punishment of which irregularity
he was lettered by Hades for one entire year.
43. • Near the gates of Tartarus, Heracles found his friends Theseus and
Peirithous fastened to cruel chairs, and wrenched Theseus free, but obliged
to leave Peirithous behind; next, he rolled away the stone under which
Demeter had imprisoned Ascalaphus; and then, wishing to gratify the
ghosts with a gift of warm blood, slaughtered one Hades’s cattle. Their
herdsman, Menoetes, or Menoetus, the son Ceuthonymus, challenged him
to a wrestling match, but was seized around the middle and had his ribs
crushed. At this, Persephone, who came out from her palace and greeted
Heracles like a brother, intervened and pleaded for Menoetes’s life.
44. • When Heracles demanded Cerberus, Hades, standing by his wife’s
side, replied grimly: ‘He is yours, if you can master him without
using your club or your arrows.’ Heracles found the dog chained to
the gate of Acheron, and resolutely gripped him by the throat—
from which rose three heads, each maned with serpents. The
barbed tail flew up strike, but Heracles, protected by the lion pelt,
did not relax his grip until Cerberus choked and yielded.
45. • Heracles brought Cerberus to Mycenae, Eurystheus, who was offering a
sacrifice, handed him a slave’s portion, reserving the best cuts for his own
kinsmen; and that Heracles showed his just resentment by killing three of
Eurystheus’s sons: Perimedes, Eurybius, and Eurypilus.
46. T H E DEATH OF HERACLES
• Some time after the completion of the Labors, Heracles fulfilled the
promise he had made to the soul of Meleager, to marry his sister
Deïanira, daughter of Oeneus, king of Calydon. To win her Heracles had
to wrestle with the river-god Acheloiis, who was horned like a bull and
had the power of changing himself into different shapes.
• In the struggle Heracles broke off one of Acheloiis' horns; and after his
victory, he gave it back, receiving in return the miraculous horn of
Amalthea, which could supply its owner with as much food and drink as
he wished. Heracles returned with Deïanira to Tiryns. On the way the
centaur Nessus carried Deïanira across the river Evenus. He attempted
to violate her, but Heracles shot him with his bow.
47. • As he was dying he advised Deïanira to gather some of the blood
that flowed from his wound, which had been caused by an arrow
that had been dipped in the Hydra's poison. It would, he said,
prevent Heracles from loving any other woman more than he loved
Deïanira. She therefore kept the blood, and for a number of years
she and Heracles lived at Tiryns, where she bore him children,
including a son, Hyllus, and a daughter, Macaria.
• Deianira, meanwhile, was living in Trachis. She had not seen
Heracles for fifteen months. Heracles killed Eurytus and sacked
Oechalia on his way back from Asia, sending lole and the other
captive women back to Trachis with Lichas. When she realized that
Heracles loved lole, Deianira, hoping to win him back, dipped a
robe in the blood of Nessus and sent it to Heracles by Lichas‘ hand
for him to wear at his thanksgiving sacrifice to Zeus.
48. • As the flames of the sacrificial fire warmed the poisoned blood, the robe
clung to Heracles and burned him with unendurable torment. In his agony,
he hurled Lichas to his death in the sea and had himself carried back to
Trachis, where a huge funeral pyre was made for him upon Mt. Oeta.
Dei'anira killed herself with a sword when she realized what she had done.
• So the mortal part of Heracles was burned away and he gained immortality,
ascending to Olympus.
49. On Olympus, Zeus congratulated himself that his favourite son had
behaved so nobly. ‘Heracles’s immortal part’, he announced, ‘is safe from
death, and I shall soon welcome him to this blessed region.’
• Now, Zeus had destined Heracles as one of the Twelve Olympians.
Henceforth, Hera regarded Heracles as her son and loved him next only
to Zeus. All the immortals welcomed his arrival; and Hera married him
to her pretty daughter Hebe, who bore him Alexiares and Anicetus. And,
indeed, Heracles had earned Hera’s true gratitude in the revolt of the
Giants by killing Pronomus, when he tried to violate her.
51. • Of the heroes of Argos, first in importance, is Perseus. His
grandfather Abas had twin sons, Proetus and Acrisius, who
quarreled even before their birth. Acrisius, who became king of
Argos itself while Proetus ruled Tiryns, had no sons and only
one daughter, Danaë; an oracle foretold that her son would kill
Acrisius. To keep her from having children, Acrisius shut Danaë
up in a brazen underground chamber in his palace, but Zeus
loved her and entered the chamber in the form of a shower of
gold and lay with her.
52. • Their child was Perseus, and Danaë kept him in the chamber for
four years, unknown to Acrisius, until he was discovered from
the noise he made while playing. Acrisius refused to believe
that Zeus was the child's father and put mother and child into a
chest which he set afloat on the sea. The chest floated to the
island of Seriphos, where the fisherman Dictys (whose name
means "net") found it and rescued Danaë and Perseus, giving
them shelter in his own home.
53. • Now Polydectes, brother of Dictys, was king of Seriphos, and as
Perseus grew to manhood, he fell in love with Danaë, who
refused him. He then summoned the leading men of the island
to a banquet at which each man had to present him with the
gift of a horse. Perseus boasted that he could just as easily give
Polydectes the Gorgon Medusa's head. Polydectes, eager to get
Perseus out of the way, took him at his word and ordered him
to perform the task.
54. Gorgons
• THE GORGONES (or Gorgons) were three powerful daemons named
Medousa (Medusa), Sthenno and Euryale. Of the three sisters only
Medousa was mortal. The Gorgon Medusa had serpents for hair,
huge teeth, protruding tongue, and altogether so ugly a face that all
who gazed at it were petrified with fright and turned to stone.
55.
56. • Athene overheard the conversation at Seriphos and, being a sworn
enemy of Medusa’s, for whose frightful appearance she had herself
been responsible, accompanied Perseus on his adventure. First she led
him to the city of Deicterion in Samos, where images of all the three
Gorgons are displayed, thus enabling him to distinguish Medusa from
her immortal sisters Stheno and Euryale; then she warned him never to
look at Medusa directly, but only at her reflection, and presented him
with a brightly-polished shield.
57. • Hermes also helped Perseus, giving him an
adamantine sickle with which to cut off Medusa’s
head. Advised by Hermes, Perseus made his way to
the three daughters of Phorcys, sisters of the
Gorgons and old women from their birth.
58.
59. • They alone could tell Perseus the way to some nymphs who
possessed certain magic objects he would need for his task, but
would part with their information only under stress. Among
them they had one eye and one tooth, which they passed to
one another in turn. Perseus got hold of these and gave them
back only when the Graeae had told him the way to the
nymphs. From the nymphs he received three objects: a Cap of
Invisibility, a pair of winged sandals, and a wallet or kibisis.
60. • Perseus now flew to the Gorgons, whose home was
somewhere on the edge of the world. They were asleep when
Perseus came; guided by Athena and looking only at the
Gorgon's reflection in his brazen shield he beheaded Medusa
and put the head in the kibisis. Perseus was able to fly away
from Medusa's sisters unharmed, since he was wearing the
Cap of Invisibility.
61. Andromeda
• As he rounded the coast of Philistia to the north, he caught sight of a woman
chained to a sea-cliff, and instantly fell in love with her. This was Andromeda,
daughter of Cepheus, the Ethiopian King of Joppa, and Cassiopeia. Cassiopeia
had boasted that both she and her daughter were more beautiful than the
Nereids, who complained of this insult to their protector Poseidon. Poseidon
sent a flood and a female sea-monster to devastate Philistia; and when
Cepheus consulted the Oracle of Ammon, he was told that his only hope of
deliverance lay in sacrificing Andromeda to the monster.
62. • On condition that, if he rescued her, she should be his wife and
return to Greece with him, Perseus took to the air again, grasped
his sickle and, diving murderously from above, beheaded the
approaching monster, which was deceived by his shadow on the
sea. He had drawn the Gorgon’s head from the wallet, lest the
monster might look up, and now laid it face downwards on a
bed of leaves and sea-weed, while he cleansed his hands of
blood, raised three altars and sacrificed a calf, a cow, and a bull
to Hermes, Athene, and Zeus respectively.
63. •Perseus returned hurriedly to Seriphos, taking
Andromeda with him, and found that Danaë and Dictys,
threatened by the violence of Polydectes who, of course,
never intended to marry Hippodameia, had taken refuge
in a temple. He therefore went straight to the palace
where Polydectes was banqueting with his companions,
and announced that he had brought the promised love-
gift. Greeted by a storm of insults, he displayed the
Gorgon’s head, averting his own gaze as he did so, and
turned them all to stone; the circle of boulders is still
shown in Seriphos. He then gave the head to Athene,
who fixed it on her aegis; and Hermes returned the
sandals, wallet, and helmet to the guardianship of the
Stygian nymphs.
64. • After raising Dictys to the throne of Seriphos, Perseus set sail
for Argos, accompanied by his mother, his wife, and a party of
Cyclopes. Acrisius, hearing of their approach, fled to Pelasgian
Larissa; but Perseus happened to be invited there for the
funeral games which King Teutamides was holding in honour of
his dead father, and competed in the five-fold contest. When it
came to the discus-throw, his discus, carried out of its path by
the wind and the will of the Gods, struck Acrisius’s foot and
killed him.
66. • Aegeus, one of the kings of Athens, had two wives: Melite and
Chaicioppe, but was without any hier.
• He went to consult the oracle and the oracle told him “not to
open the wineskin’s mouth till he reaches home lest he shall die
of grief some day.” Aegeus could not understand the
proclamation of the oracle. On his way back home, he stayed
with his friend Pittheus, the king of Troezen. Aegeus shared the
proclamation of the oracle with Pittheus, who understood it at
once.
67. • At night he made Aegeus drunk and sleep with his daughter
Athera.
• Before leaving Troezen, Aegeus told Athera that if their child
were a boy she must bring him up without saying who his father
was. She was to send him to Athens when he was old enough to
lift a rock by himself, under which Aegeus would leave a sword
and a pair of sandals as tokens by which he could recognize his
son.
68. • Aethra gave birth to a boy. He was raised up in Troezen, where
his guardian Pittheus discreetly spread rumour that Poseidon
had been his father.
• One day Heracles, dining at Troezen with Pittheus, removed his
lion-skin and threw it over a stool. When the palace children
came in, they screamed and fled, all except seven-year-old
Theseus, who ran to take axe from the woodpile, and returned
boldly, prepared to attack a real lion.
69. • Aethra, leading him to the rock underneath which Aegeus had
hidden the sword and sandals, told story of his birth. He had no
difficulty in moving the rock, called the ‘Rock of Theseus’, and
recovered the tokens. Yet, at Pittheus’s warnings and his
mother’s entreaties, he would not visit Athens by the safe sea
route, but insisted on travelling over by foot, impelled by a
desire to emulate the feats of his cousin Heracles, whom he
greatly admired.
71. • THESEUS set out to free the bandit-ridden coast road which led from
Troezen to Athens. He would pick no quarrels but take vengeance on
all who dared to attack him, making the punishment fit the crime, as
was Heracles’s way. At Epidaurus, Periphetes the cripple waylaid
attacked him. Periphetes, whom some call Poseidon’s son, and
others the son of Hephaestus and Anticleia, owned a huge brazen
club, with which he used to kill wayfarers. Theseus wrenched the
club from his hands and battered him to death. Delighted with its
size and weight, he proudly carried it about ever afterwards
73. • At Isthmus lived Sinis,, He had been nicknamed ‘pinebender’, because
he was strong enough to bend down the tops of pine-trees until they
touched the earth, and would often ask innocent passers-by to help
him with this task, but then suddenly release his hold. As the tree
sprang upright again, they were hurled high into the air, and killed by
the fall. Or he would bend down the tops of two neighbouring trees
until they met, and tie one of his victim’s arms to each, so that he was
torn asunder when the trees were released. Theseus wrestled with
Sinis, overpowered him, and served him as he had served others.
75. •Next, at Crommyum, he hunted and destroyed a fierce
and monstrous wild sow, which had killed so many
farmers that they no longer dared plough their fields.
76. 4. Sciron
• Following the coast road, Theseus came to cliffs rushing
overlooking the sea, which had become a stronghold of the
bandit Sciron; Sciron used to seat himself upon a rock and force
passing travelers to wash his feet: when they stooped to the task
he would kick them over the cliff into the sea, where a giant
turtle swam about, waiting to devour them. Theseus, refusing to
wash Sciron’s feet, lifted him from the rock and flung him into
the sea.
77. 5. Cercyon
• Continuing his journey to Athens, Theseus met Cercyon. He
would challenge passers-by to wrestle with him and then crush
them to death in his powerful embrace; but Theseus lifted him
up by the knees and, to the delight of Demeter, who witnessed
the struggle, dashed him headlong to the ground. Cercyon’s
death was instantaneous. Theseus did not trust to strength so
much as to skill, for he had invented the art of wrestling, the
principles of which were not hitherto understood.
78. 6. Polypemon
• On reaching Attic Coridallus, Theseus slew Sinis’s father
Polypemon, who lived beside the road and had two beds in his
house, one small, the other large, offering a night’s lodging to
travelers. He possessed a hammer, a saw, and a bed. He
compelled travelers to lie on the bed, and those who were too
long for it he would cut down to size; those who were too short
he would hammer out until they fit it exactly. He too perished at
Theseus' hands in the way in which he had killed his victims.
79. Theseus reaches Athens
• Theseus' arrival was hedged with further danger. Aegeus was
married to Medea, who expected their son Medus to succeed as
king of Athens. Medea immediately recognized Theseus as
Aegeus' son and a rival to Medus, and attempted to have
Theseus poisoned before Aegeus could recognize him. She
advised Aegeus that the newcomer would be a threat to his
power. He should entertain Theseus at a banquet where he
would drink poisoned wine, for which Medea would provide the
poison. Theseus at the banquet carved his meat with the sword
that he had recovered from under the rock at Troezen; Aegeus
recognized the sword, dashed the cup of poison out of Theseus'
hand, and publicly recognized him as his son and successor.
80. The Bull of Marathon
•Theseus' next labor was to catch the bull of Marathon,
said to have been the one that Heracles had brought
from Crete. He mastered the bull and drove it back to
Athens, where he sacrificed it to Apollo.
81. The Minotaur
• Androgeos, son of the Cretan king Minos, had been killed in Attica
because of the jealousy he aroused by winning all the contests at
the Panathenaic games. In revenge Minos mounted an expedition
against Athens. In requital for the death of Androgeus, Minos gave
orders that the should send seven youths and seven maidens every
ninth year to the Cretan Labyrinth, where the Minotaur waited to
devour them.
82. • Theseus’s Athens the tribute fell due for the third time, and he
so deeply moved by the fathers whose children were indicated
by lot, that offered himself as one of the victims.
• On the two previous occasions, the ship which conveyed the
victims had carried black sails, but Theseus was confident that
the gods were on his side, and Aegeus therefore gave him a
white sail as a signal of success.
83. • The Delphic Oracle had advised Theseus to take Aphrodite as his
guide and companion on the voyage. He therefore sacrificed to
her a she goat.
• Aphrodite had indeed accompanied Theseus: for Minos’s own
daughter Ariadne fell in love with him at first sight. ‘I will help
you to kill my half-brother, the Minotaur,’ she secretly promised
him, ‘if I may return to Athens with you as your wife.’ This offer
Theseus gladly accepted, and married her.
84. • Now, before Daedalus left Crete, he had given her a magic ball of
thread, and instructed her how to enter and Labyrinth. She must
open the entrance door and tie the loose thread to the lintel; the
ball would then roll along, diminishing as it went and making,
with devious turns and twists, for the corners where the
Minotaur was lodged. This ball Ariadne gave to Theseus and
instructed him to follow it until he reached the sleeping monster,
whom he must seize by the hair and sacrifice to Poseidon. He
then can come back by rolling up the thread into a ball again.
85. •When Theseus emerged from the Labyrinth, spotted with
blood, Ariadne guided the whole Athenian group to the
harbour. For, in the meantime, the two companions of
Theseus had killed the guards of the women’s quarters,
and released the virgin victims. They all stole aboard
their ship.
86. • Some days later, after disembarking on the island then named Dia,
Theseus left Ariadne asleep on the beach and sailed away. Why he
did so must remain a mystery. Some say that he deserted her in
favour of a new mistress, Aegle, daughter of Panopeus; Others again
say that Dionysus, appearing to Theseus in a dream, threateningly
demanded Ariadne for himself, and that, when Theseus noticed
Dionysus’s fleet bearing down on Dia, he weighed anchor in sudden
terror; Dionysus having cast a spell which made him forget his
promise to Ariadne and even her very existence.
87. • Whether in grief for her loss, or in joy at the sight of the Attic
coast, from which he had been kept by prolonged winds, he
forgot his promise to hoist the white sail. Aegeus, who stood
watching for him on the Acropolis, swooned, and fell headlong
to his death into the valley below. But some say that he
deliberately cast himself into the sea, which was thenceforth
named the Aegean. So Theseus became king of Athens.