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Acknowledgement
Firstly, I would like to thank Almighty Allah who gave
me guidance,ideas and support to accomplish this
assignment.In this assignment many
teachers,colleagues,classmates,Elders,Friends
actively supported me.I would like to thank them all
especially my Professor, Dr Shahnawaz Ahmad,My
teacher Mohd Rafeeq Mir and my family.
I would like to extend my gratitude to Ghulam
Mohammad who gave me information about
different sites located in Pattan Tehsil. I m thankful
of Mrs Zaina Bano who put a light on natural
heritage sites of Pattan Tehsil that helped me a lot.
At last I would like to thank all people who assisted
me for the completion of this assignment.

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Table of Contents
Quick Facts 04
Pattan_brief history 05-07
Tangible and Natural heritage sites 08-21
How to reach Pattan 22
References 23

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Quick Facts
 One among the historical places in Kashmir
Valley.
 Located on Srinagar-Muzaffarabad road in
Baramulla district.
 Established by Shankaravarman of Utpala
dynasty.
 Some Ancient names of Pattan we got from
Rajtarangini are Shankarpora Pattan and
Pattana.
 Kashmiri Panditis call it Pathan by Name.
 Elevation about 1553 meters.
 About 95 Villages in Pattan Tehsil.
 Total area: 181 km².
 Total Population:2,29, 155(Census 2011).
 Most Populous Village:Palhallan

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Pattan_a brief history
This historical town is considered to have been
established by the famous Hindu king
Shankarvarman,son of Awantivarmanof Utpala
dynasty, in the 9th century AD. As per Kalhana’s
Rajatarangini, Shankarvarman built a town
named Pattana and made his minister
Sukharaja’s nephew (sister’s son) lord of Dvara,
but that man lost his life at Biranaka through his
own carelessness.This incensed the king, and he
marched upon and devastated the town of
Biranaka , after which he entered Uttarapatha
and later conquered many kingdoms on the
banks of the Indus.
In Kalhana’s Rajatarangini, Pattan is written as
Shankarpora Pattan.Pandits write it as ‘Pathan’,
‘The Path’, as it falls on the important route to
Baramulla. However, in Indian history’s

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glossary, Pattan is a suffix that denotes a town.
During ancient times Pattan was a business
center for wool, livestock and grains. Kalhana
also mentioned about Shankarvarman that just
like bad poets steals matter from other poets, a
bad king plunders other cities. Shankarvarman
plundered the nearby Buddhist site of
Parihaspura to build his new town. Parihaspura
was founded by LalitadityaMuktapida (697-734
AD) of Karkota dynasty.
Shankarvarman had built two temples at Pattan
town dedicated to Shiva. He named one of the
temples after his wife, Sugandha, as
Sugandhesa and the other temple was named as
Shankargaurishwar. The stones of these two
temples came from ruins of Parihaspura. It was
the evil deed of the king that probably led
people to forget the real name of this town and

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instead call it simply as Pattan. To the north of
these two temples was a lake known as
“PumpeSar” (Lotus Lake), where now stands a
residential area.
Pattan town has seen its ups and downs over a long
period of time. From a once flourishing city of a
Hindu kingdom and the hub of religious, trade and
commercial activities, to a major apple producing
region of north Kashmir at present. However,
people of this town never had an easy life. The
demography of the town changed as was the case
with rest of Kashmir. Arrival of Muslim rule in valley
led to atrocities on Kashmiri Pandits and destruction
of old religious sites, including the temples in
Pattan, along with its rich past. The agony of the
people did not stop here and even after years of
Muslim and Sikh rule in Kashmir, little changed for a
common Kashmiri.

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What is Tangible Heritage?
Heritage, in general terms, refers to the
property that is or may be inherited; an
inheritance. Thus, when culture is subjected to
change with the flow of time,the past attributes
on that particular culture becomes a heritage.
Tangible Heritage – The historical sites,
buildings, artefacts and archives, monuments
etc
Tangible Heritage sites in Pattan
1) Pando Park Pattan
2) SugandesaTemple Pattan
3) Pandit Colony Malmoh
4) Syed Ali Kirmani(R.A)Shrine
Kongamdara

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This is one among the preserved parks of Jammu
and Kashmir in Pattan Tehsil.It is almost 27
kilometers from Srinagar.The Park is situated
close to Pattan Main Market.This Park attracts
every sort of generation;young, old, and
children.You can experience people taking
selfies in this park all the day. The park has a
beautiful monument namely
(Shankargaurishwar) in its centre.The temple is
made up of a pile of huge stones.You can see
some vague sculptures on those stones.
This Monument has been declared to be of
national importance under the ancient
monuments and archaeology sites and remains
Act, 1958(24 of 1958).Whosoever destroys,
removes, injures, alters, defaces, imperils or

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misuses this monument, shall be punishable
with imprisonment which may extend to two
years or fine of Rs 1,00,000(one lakh) or both
under the ancient monuments and
archaeological sites and remains(Ament and
validation) Act, 2010.
Further under sub-rule 32 of the ancient
monuments and archaeological sites
monuments and archaeological sites and
remains remains rules, 1959 and notification
issued in 1992,area upto 100 metre around the
protected limits has been declared as prohibited
area, where no construction/mining as allowed
and further beyond it upto 200 metre is
declared as regulated area, for purposes of both
mining operation and
construction/reconstruction.

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Sugandesha Temple(dedicated to hindu god
“Shiva”) looks same in shape of Pandoo park
monument. This is also one among the
preserved parks of Jammu and Kashmir in
Pattan Tehsil.It is almost 26 kilometers from
Srinagar.
The temple was built by King Sankaravarman
in(883-902 AD)and his Queen Sugandha, after
whom it has been named.The temple is said to
have been built with material brought from
Parihaspora.
On the other side of the temple is the
grave(Shrine) of a Muslim Darweesh namely
“Dilawar Baadshah Sahab”.The grave is
decorated with fencing and marbals. The Hanafi
Muslims use to feed people with different types
of food on his grave for different reasons.You
can also see some knots on the fencing of his

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grave which according to some Hanafi Muslims
will give reminders to that a very much Darwesh
about the person who knotted on his fencing so
that the dreams he/she intended willcome true.
It is very amazing to see that on the one side it
is temple of hindus and on the other side it is a
grave of popular Muslim darwesh.
The park remains open from 9am to 6pm.You
can take a trip and enjoy nature, heritage and
religious rituals of this site.

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Malmoh(Pandit Colony)
Malmoh is a Village in Pattan Tehsil.It is about 9
kilometers away from Pattan and 1 kilometre
from Magam.
Malmoh has very low density population as
compared to other villages of the tehsil.The
reason behind that is Pandit conflict of
1990’s.There was a colony of Pandits residing in
Malmoh but due to political uncertainty and
wrong decisions of politicians they left their
homes behind.Many of the Kashmiri Panditis
sold their property to Kashmiri Muslims because
they thought Kashmir is unsafe for them.

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A scene of Bollywood movie was also produced
in malmoh. Which indirectly shows the
importance of this place in tourism and as a
heritage destination.
If you will take a visit to Malmoh you can find
many ruined houses of Kashmiri Pandits beside
the main road.The buildings contain some good
art work of that time. You can see here with the
help of some pictures.

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Kongamdara Pattan
The village is 7kms away from
Pattan and 3Kms from Magam.The
village was very famous for Saffron
but now you can’t find saffron
anywhere in the village.

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SYED ALI KIRMANI (R.A) SHRINE
KONGAMDARA :
A natural as well as tangilble heritage site in
Kongamdara Village.A well maintained shrine by
the Islamic Committee of the Village.The shrine
is an identity for Kashmir because it contains
many Chinaar trees in its lawn.The park of this
shrine is beautifully decorated.This Shrine is

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attracting people of all ages,from a child to an
old man.People use to take shadows in summer
in the park of this Shrine.The Shrine is very
popular among Hanafi Muslims.They use to
come here to tie the knots and pray Namaz.
The village has an outstanding Masjid at the top
and centre of village which attractevery Muslim
as well as Non Muslim.The Masjid can be seen
from the distant place because it is located at a
good height.It has well maintained park which
attracts the people of the village and adjacent
villages.

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Kirmani Cricket Ground
Kongamdara
A natural heritage site in Kongamdara village.It
has a nice location.You can enjoy the sunset at
this place.The ground is bounded by hills from
two sides.It looks same in many ways as Gilgit
BaltistanCricketGround which got viral recently
on social media.If you love to watch cricket
matches you should at least watch a match in
this ground.While enjoying cricket you can also
enjoy nature.

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How to reach Pattan Baramulla
Pattan is accessible through
surface transport.You can reach
pattan through Tavera, Sumo and
other surface transport services
from Srinagar Airport.
From Srinagar (Parimpora) you can
also reach Pattan through Bus
Services.
Train services are also accessible
to Pattan.Through train you can
reach Pattan from Banihal.

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References
1-Ghulam Mohammad(a resident
of pattanpattan).
2-Mohd Rafiq Mir(My Teacher).
3-A Rising Kashmir Article on
Pattan Baramulla.
5-Zaina Bano(My Mother).
4-Mehraj-ud-din Mir(Resident of
Kongamdara).

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Thank you
For any query contact me at:
Trustonme20@gmail.com

Heritage Sites in Pattan Baramulla