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hepatitisviruses-140501042913-phpapp01 (1) (2).pptx
- 2. Hepatitis 2 □ □ □ □ □ Infection of liver Hepatitis viruses – A, B, C, D, E and G B – DNA virus All others – RNA viruses Cause icteric jaundice □ □ Type A and E – food borne, feco oral route Type B and C – Blood borne, parenteral and sexual routes
- 3. Hepatitis A 3 □ □ □ □ □ Epidemiology Clinical features Lab diagnosis Prophylaxis Treatment
- 4. Epidemiology 4 □ □ □ □ Common in children Feco oral route – contaminated water or milk Over crowding and poor sanitation Ingested, reaches intestine, penetrates epithelium, reaches liver through blood
- 5. Clinical features 5 □ □ □ 2-6 weeks incubation period – asymptomatic Clinical symptoms – malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomitting and abdominal pain Yellow urine
- 6. Lab diagnosis 6 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ Raised bilirubin in serum (indirect>direct) Yellow urine – bilirubin present Demonstration of antibodies by ELISA ■ ■ IgM – recent infection IgG – remote infection
- 7. Prophylaxis 7 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ Improved sanitation Vaccine is available Natural infection leads to life long immunity
- 8. Treatment 8 Hepatitis viruses □ □ No antiviral drug available Treatment is symptomatic
- 9. TYPE B HEPATITIS 9 Hepatitis viruses □ □ Over 350 million HBV carriers in the world One million die anually
- 11. Epidemiology □ Hepatitis B virus structure Hepatitis viruses 11
- 12. Developed countries 12 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ □ Adolscents and young adults Infection occurs through contaminated syringes and needles Drug addicts Homosexuals
- 13. Developing countries 13 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ Children Vertical transmission from mother to baby Horizontal transmission among infants and neonates
- 14. Everywhere 14 Hepatitis viruses □ □ Razors, nail clippers, acupuncture, tatooing, circumscision, ear or nose piercing Barbers, dentists and doctors may get infected
- 15. Carriers 15 Hepatitis viruses □ Those who donot have symptoms but are HbsAg positive
- 16. □ □ □ □ □ 16 Epidemiology Clinical features Lab diagnosis Prophylaxis Treatment Dr. Ashish Jawarkar Hepatitis viruses
- 17. Clinical features 17 Hepatitis viruses □ □ No symptoms in carriers Similar to HAV in acute phase
- 18. Lab diagnosis 18 Hepatitis viruses □ Demonstration of viral antibodies and antigens in serum -
- 19. Prophylaxis 19 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ □ □ Avoid multiple partners Avoid drug abuse Use of disposable syringes and needles Screening of Blood, organ and semen donors Universal immunisation (vaccination)
- 20. Immunisation - Passive 20 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ administer HBIG (Hepatitis B immunoglobulin) Administer soon after accidental exposure Can be administered to baby born to a carrier mother
- 21. Active immunisation - vaccine 21 Hepatitis viruses □ □ Consists of HBsAg particles Given as a routine to all babies
- 22. Treatment 22 Hepatitis viruses □ □ Acute phase – no treatment required, patients recover Chronic phase – become carriers, can give antivirals like lamivudine and adefovir to keep replication in check
- 23. Hepatitis C Virus 23 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ Also blood borne Most common cause of post transfusion hepatitis in developed countries Most common cause of post hepatitis – hepatocellular carcinoma
- 24. Hepatitis E virus 24 Hepatitis viruses □ □ □ □ Feco oral route Second common cause of hepatitis after hepatitis A in developing countries Generally mild and self limiting illness Unusually high mortality (20-40 %) in pregnancy