9. 33、HHBBVV:: MMooddee ss ooff TTrraannssmmiissssiioonn
Parenteral - IV drug abusers, health workers
are at increased risk. blood transfusion
Sexual – unprotected sex with infected partner
Perinatal(Vertical) – mother →infant.
10.
11. Concentration of Hepatitis B Virus
in Various Body Fluids
High Moderate
Low/Not
Detectable
blood semen urine
serum vaginal fluid feces
wound exudates saliva sweat
tears
breastmilk
N.B : HBV can survive outside the body at least 7 days and still be capable of causing
infection
13. ssiiggnnss aanndd ssyymmppttoommss
Fever
Fatigue
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Vomiting
Abdominal pain
Dark urine
Clay-colored bowel movements
Joint pain
Jaundice
Hepatomegaly
Incubation period
Symptoms begin an average of 3 months (range: 2–5months) after
exposure to HBV.
Symptoms typically last for several weeks but can persist for up to 6 months
14. Acute Hepatitis B Virus Infection with Recovery
Typical Serologic Course
Symptoms
HBeAg anti-HBe
Total anti-HBc
HBsAg IgM anti-HBc anti-HBs
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 52 100
Weeks after Exposure
Titre
15. Acute HBV Infection with Progression to
Chronic Infection: Typical Serologic Course
HBsAg
IgM anti-HBc
Total anti-HBc
Acute
(6 months)
HBeAg
Chronic
(Years)
Anti-HBe
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 52 Years
Weeks after Exposure
Titer
16. 77、LLaabboorraattoorryy DDiiaaggnnoossiiss
Interpretation of Hepatitis B Serologic Test Results
Tests Results Interpretation
HBsAg
negative
anti-HBc
negative
Susceptible
anti-HBs
negative
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
positive
positive
Immune due to natural infection
HBsAg
anti-HBc
anti-HBs
negative
negative
positive
Immune due to Hepatitis B vaccination
HBsAg
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
anti-HBs
positive
positive
positive
negative
Acutely infected
HBsAg
anti-HBc
IgM anti-HBc
anti-HBs
positive
positive
negative
negative
Chronically infected