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- 1. 48 85 88 58 61 5752 50 42 40 50 3237 52 57 42 41 52 21 58 65 87 36 49 453182 41 72 84 88 81 57 06 03 05 12 4223 05 35 30 08 18 20 21 21 16 27 58 21 26 27 42 86 59 43 72 60 56 48 32 39 48 38 45 46 62 21 29 19 35 41 32 52 38 05 03 4758 39 29 33 39 64 68 71 88 62 62 29 03 42 37 13 48 34 84 52 57 57 85 82 50 69 81 39 79 51 33 49 84 6151 78 21 32 40 51 50 62 75 64 51 52 72 64 45 34 41 37 51 47 37 40 85 81 13 56 SCg X’’ X’ X’ X’’ 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 The Geology of Gallégo Gorge, Aragon, NE Spain Henry AlexanderTotts 1093797 School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Science Map and Cross Sections Scale 1:10 000 0m 100m 200m 300m 400m 500m 1000m Cross section from X’to X’’, shown on map. Cross section is to scale Key of Geological Symbols 682 686685684683 688687 685684683682 688687686 692 692 693 694 695 695 694 693 Cleavage 57 Observed Boundary Inferred Boundary Thrust Fault Plane Reverse Fault Plane Strike-slip Fault Plane SCg SCg SCg SCg SCg SCg GA GA GCg FCg GCg FCg GCg FCg FCg FCg DLs DLs DLs DLs DLs DLs DLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs KLs CLs CLs CLs CLs CLs CLs CLs CLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs UCLs RSS RSS RSS RSS GLs GLs GLs GM GM GM GM GM GM SDS SDS USs USs USs SDS 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 Y’ Y’’ Cross section from Y’to Y’’on the map. Drawn to scale. GM GM GM FCg SDS TM TM RSS UCLs UCLs UCLs SDS CLs CLsCLs Overturned Antiform Showing Way Up of the Synform in Cross Section DLs KLs Ls UCLs RSS GLs GM TM SDS FCg USs SCg GAQuaternary Tertiary Tertiary Cretaceous Triassic Muschelkalk andKeuper FormtionsUncastilloFormationCampodarbeFormaitonArguisFormationGarumnFormationUpperCreatceousFormation GCg 0m100m200m300m400m500m1000m StratigraphicChartScale1:5000 57 Bedding Strike and Dip N Compression from North Compression from North East GM TM KLs KLs KLs DLs GLs RSS RSS UCLs CLs KLs DLs DLs DLs DLs DLs KLs KLs KLs CLs CLs UCLs UCLs RSS GLs This is an illustrated interpretation, showing the oblique nature of the thrusting. The image explains the folding of the comparitively shallow thrust fault seen towards the north. The figure above also illustrates how the compressional forces resulted in the non-cylindrical fold structure, at Pardina de Carcavilla, to form. Some of the structures not illustrated in the image are in the south east area of the map. The thrusting of the duplex structure is due to the compressive forces from the east. This means that the varying direction of the primary compression results in an overall sinistray strike-slip component to the area. 13 Plunge of Fold Axial Plane and Plunge Azimuth Synform Fold Axis Antiform Fold Axis Overturned Synform Muschelkalk Formation. Very dark, partially dolomitised limestone which has characteristics suggesting some Barrovian metamorphism. Possibly once fossiliferous. Keuper Formation. Variable composition, pale yellow and siliciclastic in areas as a Feldspar Greywacke. Lower Keuper Formation has more fine and micritic areas, which are darker coloured. The textural classification of the darker areas is a matrix supported wackestone. C This member is classified as a dirty micritic limestone, but is non-uniform composition, with areas of much larger calcitic crystals. Some flecks of quartz and clay nodules suggest terrestrial input. Very fine, musterd coloured sugary limestone. Fossiliferous, classified as a bio-micrite. Textural classification is a matrix supported wackestone. Very well preserved, large branching corals in isolated outcrops. Red member of interbedded sandstone and shale. Less compitent than surrounding limestones, so ductile deformation seen. Red colour indicative of oxidation, showing a high amount of terrestrial input. The Guara Limestone Member, is a medium-coarse dark limestone. Very consolidated, resistant to erosion, so forms large ridges. Identifiable through fossil content, namely Nummulites and Alveolines. Classified as a packstone. Turns to a siliciclastic rich bio-micrite throughout deposition. Is the primary constituant of the clasts supporting the red fanglomerate towers. Grey MarlMember, a very fine, quite fossiliferous marl. Good preservation potential seen by some of the recovered bivalves. Very unconsolidated, succeptable to severe erosion. Fissility expressed along bedding plane. Transitional Marl Formation, grain supported, so classified as a packstone. Expresses a change from shallow marine to fluvial environment. Santo Domingo Sandstone. Fluvial deposition, braided river system. Contains both sand and shale. Mostly a medium-coarse grained, brown to grey coloured fluvial sandstone. The main outcropping member of the large, overturned synform. Fanglomerate. Red coloured conglomerate with clast sized ranging from 5cm to over 1 meter. Clasts are mainly formed of the Guara Limestone Member, deposited as alluvial fans into a fluvial system. The most identifiable features of the area, very consolidated. Matrix is fine, calcitic in places. Palaeoflow readings show radial flow, but trending in a southernly direction. Grey Conglomerate Member. More eroded than the fanglomerates, with much smaller clast sizes. Formed from a less consolidated limestone, but still an alluvial fan system. Uncastillo Sandstone Member is syndepositional with the alluvial fans. Medium to coarse grained and conglomeratic in areas from post depositional reworking. SCg GA Sandy Conglomerates are Quaternary fluvial reworking of the Uncastillo Sandstone Member. Very abundant, and are made of clasts of the USs, with a medium to coarse grained matrix. Glacial Alluvium Member, showing where areas of the Uncastillo Sandstone Member have been glacially influenced post deposition. Rock powder is primary evidence, incredibly fine. 2 Stereonet of the folded beds at X’. Bedding is dipping steeply in a N direction. Not anomalous because the inner beds of the fold are overturned, therefore dipping north. Pole showing the synformal fold axis’ plunge and plunge azimuth, at 122 26 Great circle showing line of best fit through the poles to bedding. N Y’ Y’’ Palaeogene Neogene Palaeogene EmbalsedelaPena Pardina de Carcavilla Riglos