Fertilizers and crop-nutrition programs help produce the food required for a growing world population. In addition, these industrial products and solutions contribute to reduced emissions, improved air quality and support safe and efficient operations.

1. F
ertilizers and crop-nutrition programs
help produce the food required for a
growing world population. In addition,
these industrial products and solutions
contribute to reduced emissions, improved
air quality and support safe and efficient
operations.
Yara, a global manufacturer of highly
digestible, traceable and reliable feed
materials and feed additives, has its strength in being a fully-
integrated manufacturer, leveraging a world class global logistics
network.
We delivers solutions for sustainable agriculture and the
environment. Yara was founded in Norway in 1905, and has a
worldwide presence with sales to more than 150 countries. Safety
is our top priority.
Our production sites are located in Helsingborg, Sweden;
Kokkola, Finland; Durban, South Africa; Le Havre, France and
Brunsbuettel, Germany. Our production is certified according
HACCP, ISO14001, GMP+, FAMI-QS.
Meat production quadrupled
Yara’s Animal Nutrition division offers high-quality feed
phosphates, feed acidifiers, purified phosphoric acid and feed
grade urea to support the health and the efficient development
of poultry, pigs, cattle, horses, aquaculture species and pets.
Products are delivered to customers in over 70 countries
worldwide, with a major presence in Europe and expanding
markets in Latin America, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
The amount of meat produced worldwide quadrupled in the last
50 years. In per capita terms it almost doubled in the same period.
Thereby our objective is to contribute feeding the world in a
sustainable way.
The use of inorganic feed minerals is widespread in the feed
strategies for all species. Feed phosphates are marketed under the
Bolifor®
trade name. Our products contain highly bioavailable
macro minerals and offer the state-of-the-art in safety and quality
guarantees for the feed chain and the welfare/performance of
animals.
Yara feed acidifiers, branded under the Bolifor®
trade name offer
a unique formula of organic acids precisely absorbed onto a special
carrier made of diatomaceous earth, itself coated by sorbic acid. This
allows specific uses, cost performance and return on investment.
Helping to feed the world sustainably
by Ines Martinez Luengas and Alessandro Mereu, Yara Animal Nutrition
All organisms must have access
to sufficient phosphorous to
survive and grow
Table 1: Typical content of heavy metals in Bolifor MCP
Cd 520 µg/kg
Pb 960 µg/kg
Hg < 5 µg/kg
As 1500 µg/kg
Ni 5,2 µg/kg
44 | July 2016 - Milling and Grain
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2. Today, feed acidifiers are one of the
preferred alternatives to antibiotics in
animal feeds. They help promote healthy
growth in animals by controlling harmful
bacteria and therefore improve digestion
and feed efficiency.
Rumisan is a feed grade urea, which is
considered within the European Union
as a feed additive. It is authorised for its
use in ruminants and it is by far the most
demanded, non-protein nitrogen source in
commercial practices. The final product
is 99 percent feed grade urea with low
humidity and ash. The nitrogen content
is 46 percent (288 percent as protein
equivalent).
From mine to market
Phosphate rock is a general term that refers most frequently
to apatite. This rock contains high concentration of phosphate
minerals, which can be commercially exploited, either directly or
after processing.
The world phosphate resources are distributed, according to
their type, approximately as follows: 75 percent from sedimentary
marine deposits, 15–20 percent from igneous, metamorphic and
weathered deposits two-to-three percent from biogenic sources
(bird and bat guano deposits).
The story of Yara inorganic feed phosphates, starts in the soil
with a phosphorous-rich source: the apatite mined from our
volcanic deposit in Siilinjärvi, Finland, and converted on site by
Yara into phosphoric acid.
The phosphoric acid is the core raw material in the manufacture
of phosphorus contained in inorganic feed minerals.
In the feed phosphates plants the phosphoric acid is reacted
with milled limestone to produce Bolifor®
MCP (monocalcium
phosphate) and with magenesium and sodium carbonate to
produce Bolifor®
MGP and MSP (magnesium phosphate and
monosodium phosphate respectively).
The reaction between the dry raw materials and the phosphoric
acid takes place in the granulator. Dosification of the raw
materials is controlled via a DCS system thus reaching an optimal
reaction and product quality.
The granules formed in the granulator are dried in a rotary drier
and subsequently screened to obtain an optimal particle size
distribution. The granules are sent to the cooler and then stored.
From the storage BOLIFOR®
can be delivered in bulk, or
Figure 2: From mine to market - The production process of feed phosphate products is fully
integrated
Norwood and Company
We also offer a large variety of new and
used grain equipment to help meet your needs
DESIGN
EXPAND
REPAIR
BUILD
www.norwoodandco.com
Fred Norwood, President; Tel: +1 405 834 2043
Brandon Norwood, Vice President; Tel: +1 785 822 4109
Contact us on:
With four generations of experience in the grain, feed,
flour milling and wood industries our family would be
more than happy to help you design, build, repair or
expand any new or existing grain facilities
norwood_hp.indd 1 10/02/2015 17:30Milling and Grain - July 2016 | 45
F

3. bagged in 1150, 1000, 50 or 25kg bags.
Yara’s control of the entire industrial
process, together with the quality
of this exclusive deposit, allow us to
manufacture and deliver high-purity
products that are naturally low in heavy
metals. Typical content of heavy metals
in Bolifor MCP are detailed in the Table
1.
Cadmium (Cd) in particular, is
considered one of the most toxic
elements in the environment. The Cd
content of BOLIFOR®
is very low.
Yara Bolifor feed phosphates
operations add value on top of
phosphoric acid in several stages of the
value chain. Yara has five phosphate bulk terminals in Europe
(Brake in Germany, Goole in UK, Brest in France, Budapest in
Hungary and Castellón in Spain), product is send on a regular
basis by vessel from either Kokkola or Helsingborg where
Bolifor®
feed phosphates are manufactured.
The terminals are located in strategic regions to satisfy local
demand.
From those terminals the market demand is satisfied either by
bulk or bagged material.
Kokkola and Helsingborg also export product to markets in
Latin America, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. Yara South
Africa is also producing feed phosphates in Durban to attend the
local market.
Bolifor®
feed minerals
Macro-minerals, such as phosphorus, calcium, magnesium and
sodium, are essential elements to sustain healthy and productive
animal growth. They are part of many biological pathways such
as bone and muscle formation or the energy cycle.
Inorganic feed phosphates and magnesium supplements,
supplying those macro-minerals, are essential ingredients in feed
diets in order to meet animal requirements.
Phosphorus in particular plays an essential role in animal
nutrition, only Ca is required in higher quantities. All organisms
must have access to sufficient phosphorous to survive and grow.
Aproximately 75 percent percent of phosphorous is stored in
bones and the remaining 25 percent takes part of high biologic
value molecules such as DNA, RNA, ATP and phospholipids. In
addition, phosphorus is involved in many biological functions
such as cellular metabolism, including storage and transport of
energy (e.g. ATP production), in cellular regulatory mechanisms,
and in bone mineralisation.
In plant materials, about 65 percent of phosphorous is present in
the form of phytate.
Monogastric animals lack phytase, the enzyme necessary to
degrade the phytate, resulting in a low P-digestibility of feed
ingredients of plant origin. The addition of highly digestible
inorganic phosphates to the diets is needed to fulfill the animal’s
P requirement.
Inorganic digestible phosphorus inclusion in diets requires
adequate attention because of the physiological requirements
of the different animals and the currently limited phosphorus
reserves in the world, the cost of the diet and the excretion of
phosphorus into the environment.
Optimisation of the available phosphorus content in the diet
requires reliable and up to date knowledge of the content and
digestibility of phosphorus in the feed ingredients, otherwise the
supply to the animals may be compromised or phosphorus may
be oversupplied and excreted.
Digestible mineral P sources are very important for the delivery
of sufficient levels of digestible P to the animal and to avoid P
excretion in the manure, leading to environmental pollution.
Yara Bolifor range offer a comprehensive range of high quality
minerals suitable for all feed production.
Our products provide high-digestible macro minerals with
guaranty of purity and low levels of heavy metals. The Bolifor®
product range of feed minerals complies with the modern, high-
yielding production and remains the preferred choice to obtain
the highest animal performance.
An overview
As an overview, the unique benefits of Yara’s inorganic
phosphates are:
• Yara-owned high quality source: its phosphates are of a
consistently high quality because they are from very a clean
volcanic deposit in Siilinjärvi, Finland
• Reliable supply: continuity of supply is guaranteed not only
because Finland is a stable democratic country but also
because Yara owns the apatite mine and phosphate production
facilities in Siilinjärvi and so controls its whole phosphate
production. Yara is dedicated to the animal nutrition and has
been active in the sector for half a century
• Consistency: Yara’s inorganic phosphorus products
are consistent over time in composition and physical
characteristics. Therefore, they are utilised consistently by
animals, eliminating under or over formulation to a large
extent, thereby ensuring the animal gets enough of the
appropriate nutrients at the appropriate time
• Digestibility and cost-effectiveness: Yara ensures a high level
of digestible phosphorus, meaning higher absorption rate, that
avoids P excretion in the manure, leading to environmental
pollution and making these feeds cost-effective
• Environmental benefits: because less unutilised phosphate is
excreted out into the environment, Yara’s mineral feeds are
more environmentally friendly and can help farmers meet
environmental regulations. Unutilised phosphates can pollute
the environment, especially in areas with a high concentration
of intensive animal farming
• Homogenity and easy to handle: We produce different sized
granules suited to different applications. We offer a constant
and homogenous particle size
Our branded feed minerals are designed to reach criteria of
superior quality, excellent nutritional value, high digestibility and
traceability.
In a world of generic commodities, the Bolifor®
brand is a fine
source of high quality products.
Figure 3: Yara`s Bolifor®
feed phosphates product portfolio and its specifications
46 | July 2016 - Milling and Grain
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4. One of Canada’s leading millers with more than
34 years in flour industry, selected Alapala for
its turn-key flour mill project in Quebec.
The mill with
200T/24 hrs capacity
was completed in 5 months
and came into operation
in the 1st quarter of 2016.
WELL
DONE