HealthKit is a framework that allows healthcare and fitness apps to store user data in one place within the Health app. It defines standard data types and units to ensure consistency. User data includes characteristic, sample, and workout information. Privacy is protected through permissions that control what each app can access. Clinical records can also be downloaded from healthcare providers in FHIR format. CareKit is an open source framework for building apps to help users manage health conditions and care plans. ResearchKit enables creating apps for medical research studies that can access HealthKit data. Google Fit is a similar platform for Android that aggregates fitness data from multiple sources.

1. Health and fitness frameworks.

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HealthKit

3. What is HealthKit?
HealthKit is a framework designed to house
healthcare and fitness apps, allowing them to work
together and store their data- all in one place. This
framework sits underneath the Health app and
allows developers to feed information into it, as well
as to export appropriate data out from it.

4. About framework
The HealthKit framework is designed to share data
between apps in a meaningful way. The framework
constrains the types of data and units to a predefined list,
ensuring that all apps understand what the data means
and how it can be used. Developers cannot create
custom data types or units. Instead, HealthKit provides a
wide variety of data types and units.

5. Health Data
HealthKit saves a variety of data types in the HealthKit Store:
● Characteristic data - These records represent items that typically do
not change, such as the user’s birthdate, blood type, biological sex,
and skin type.
● Sample data - Most of the user’s health data is stored in samples that
represent data at a particular point in time.
● Workout data - Information about fitness and exercise activities.
● Source data - Each sample stores information about its source.

6. Privacy
Because health data can be sensitive, HealthKit grants
users control over their data by providing fine-grained
control over the information that apps can share. The user
must explicitly grant each app permission to read and write
data to the HealthKit store. Users can grant or deny
permission separately for each type of data.
The HealthKit data is only kept locally on the user’s device.
For security, the HealthKit store is encrypted when the
device is locked, and the HealthKit store can only be
accessed by an authorized app.

7. What is FHIR?
FHIR is a platform specification that defines a set of
capabilities use across the healthcare process, in all
jurisdictions, and in lots of different contexts. While the
basics of the FHIR specification are relatively straight-
forward, it can still be difficult to know where to start
when implementing a solution based on FHIR.

8. Clinical data and HealthKit
HealthKit’s clinical record support lets you read Fast
Healthcare Interoperability Resources (FHIR) from the
HealthKit store. Users can download their FHIR records
from supported healthcare institutions. The system
then updates the records in the background on a
regular basis.

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CareKit

10. CareKit
CareKit is an open source framework for building iOS
apps that help users follow prescribed care plans.
People use CareKit apps to manage a chronic illness
like diabetes, recover from an injury or surgery, or
achieve health and wellness goals. Users play an
active role in managing their own health by tracking
care plans and symptoms, and sharing information with
their care teams.

11. CareKit modules
Care Card
Symptom
and
Measurement
tracker
Insights Connect

12. CareKit Apps
Glow Nurture
(pregnancy)
mPower
(Parkinson’s disease)
One Drop
(diabetes)
Glow Baby
(children)
The Diary
(health tracker)

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ResearchKit

14. ResearchKit
ResearchKit is an open source framework introduced
by Apple that allows researchers and developers to
create powerful apps for medical research. Easily
create visual consent flows, real-time dynamic active
tasks, and surveys using a variety of customizable
modules that you can build upon and share with the
community. And since ResearchKit works seamlessly
with HealthKit, researchers can access even more
relevant data for their studies — like daily step counts,
calorie use, and heart rate.

15. ResearchKit Apps
MyHeart Counts
(cardio health)
Asthma Health
(asthma)
PRIDE Study
(LGBTQ)
Share The Journey
(breast cancer)
EpiWatch
(epilepsy)

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17. Google Fit
Google Fit is a health-tracking platform developed by
Google for the Android operating system, Wear OS and
Apple Inc.'s IOS. It is a single set of APIs that blends
data from multiple apps and devices. Google Fit uses
sensors in a user's activity tracker or mobile device to
record physical fitness activities (such as walking,
cycling, etc.), which are measured against the user's
fitness goals to provide a comprehensive view of their
fitness.

18. Components
Google Fit consists of the following components:
● The fitness store
● The sensor framework
● Permissions and user controls
● Google Fit APIs

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Useful links:
● https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit
● https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit/about_the_healthkit_framework
● https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit/protecting_user_privacy
● http://www.healthit.gov/policy-researchers-implementers/personal-health-record-phr-model-privacy-notice
● http://www.hhs.gov/ocr/privacy/hipaa/modelnotices.html
● http://hl7.org/fhir/modules.html
● https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fast_Healthcare_Interoperability_Resources
● https://developer.apple.com/documentation/healthkit/samples/accessing_health_records
● https://developer.apple.com/design/human-interface-guidelines/carekit/overview/introduction/
● https://www.biotaware.com/blog/apple-researchkit-healthkit-and-carekit-health-app-what-does-it-all-mean/
● http://researchkit.org/
● https://developers.google.com/fit/overview
● https://github.com/FirelyTeam/fhir-net-api
● https://github.com/dariosalvi78/cordova-plugin-health (Wraps apple HealthKit and Google Fit)
● https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xRBE7FJqJjc (Difference between HealthKit, CareKit, ResearchKit)
● https://hapifhir.io/

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Thank You!
Questions?