Definition of health, concept , diterminants of health , factors affecting for good health . mental physical , social and spiritual health ,criteria for good health , specterum of health , lay pint of view of health ,grosh chareter of health , opitimim health, basic requirment of health . changing concept of health , public health program of Nepal .

1. Surya Narayan Chaudhary
Assistant professor
MPH, NHPC A-1212 Jan PH,
MA (SOCIOLOGY and ANTHROPOLOGY )
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2. HEALTH : concept
Health is a common theme in most cultures. In fact, all
communities have their concepts of health, as part of
their culture. Among definitions still used, probably
the oldest is that health is the "absence of disease.
Health is the level of functional of a human
being. In human ,it is the general condition of a
person's mind, body and spirit, usually meaning
to be free from illness, injury and pain.
.
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3. Concept of health
Health is vary vague term but it is vary basic
and important for human being.
People can not do any thing if they are not
healthy .Men must be healthy to get
appropriate success in his life. Only healthy
people can do productive and creative work.
That why we can say “Health is a wealth”
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4. Health is viewed as a right, as consumption good,
and as an investment. Some view health as a right
similar to justice or political freedom. The WHO
constitution sates that “ . . . the enjoyment of the
highest attainable standard of health is one of the
fundamental rights of every human being without
distinction of race, religion, political belief,
economic or social condition”
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5. Lay Point of view: Persons are healthy when they are
doing their activities with no apparent symptoms of
disease in them.
The New oxford Dictionary of English
describes health as ‘the state of being free from illness
or injury’.
Professional points of view: From this point, health is
defined as s a measure of the state of the physical
bodily Organs, and the ability of the body as a whole to
function. It refers to freedom from medically defined
diseases.
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6. Definition of health
Health is quality of life that enables the individual
to live most and serve best.( j f William)
According to WHO “Health is state of complete
physical ,mental and social well being not merely
an absence of any disease or infirmity.”
Pubic health experts agree this definition is
incomplete. Other component include in an
individual’s health are nutritional, spiritual,
emotional and intellectual.
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7. Definition of health WHO
revised
1984 WHO revised the definition of health
defined it as "the extent to which an individual
or group is able to realize aspirations and satisfy
needs and to change or cope with the
environment. Health is a resource for everyday
life, not the objective of living; it is a positive
concept, emphasizing social and personal
resources, as well as physical capacities".
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8. Aspiration of People on Health and Disease
Live healthy without
being ill
Quality treatment if
got ill
Health - WHO Disease
.
Healthy Population Unhealthy Population
Public Health
Medicine
(Treatment)
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CiST College

9. HEALTH-DISEASE SPECTRUM
PUBLIC HEALTH-MEDICINE DOMAIN
HEALTH-DISEASE SPECTRUM DOMAINS
HEALTH
SPECTRUM
COMPLETE STATE
OPTIMAL HEALTH
POSITIVE HEALTH
NORMAL HEALTH
PUBLIC HEALTH
DISEASE
SPECTRUM
UNDIAGNIZED STATE
MILD STATE OF DISEASE
SEVERE STATE
DEATH
MEDICINE
(TREATMENT)

10. Determinants of health
Heredity
Health services
 Promotive,
preventive,
curative,
rehabilitative
Environment
 Physical, social,
biological and man-
made
Behavior
 Actions
 Habits
 Reactions
 Belief,
attitudes
 Practices
(Lifestyles)
Health

11. Determinants of health
1. physical factor- temperature, air, heat. Cold
2. chemical factor.
3. Biological factor-
4. Socio culture
5. Socio economical
6. Life style
7. Environmental
8. Geographical
9. Political
10. Health infrastructure
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13. The determinants of health
• Many factors combine together to affect the
health of individuals and communities. Whether
people are healthy or not, is determined by their
circumstances and environment. To a large
extent, factors such as where we live, the state of
our environment, genetics, our income and
education level, and our relationships with
friends and family all have considerable impacts
on health, whereas the more commonly
considered factors such as access and use of
health care services often have less of an impact.
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14. • The determinants of health include:
• the social and economic environment,
• the physical environment, and
• the person’s individual characteristics and behaviours.
• The context of people’s lives determine their health, and so blaming
individuals for having poor health or crediting them for good health is
inappropriate. Individuals are unlikely to be able to directly control many
of the determinants of health. These determinants—or things that make
people healthy or not—include the above factors, and many others:
• Income and social status - higher income and social status are linked to
better health. The greater the gap between the richest and poorest
people, the greater the differences in health.
• Education – low education levels are linked with poor health, more
stress and lower self-confidence.
• Physical environment – safe water and clean air, healthy workplaces,
safe houses, communities and roads all contribute to good health.
Employment and working conditions – people in employment are
healthier, particularly those who have more control over their working
conditions
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15. • Social support networks – greater support from
families, friends and communities is linked to
better health. Culture - customs and traditions,
and the beliefs of the family and community all
affect health.
• Genetics - inheritance plays a part in determining
lifespan, healthiness and the likelihood of
developing certain illnesses. Personal behaviour
and coping skills – balanced eating, keeping
active, smoking, drinking, and how we deal with
life’s stresses and challenges all affect health.
• Health services - access and use of services that
prevent and treat disease influences health
• Gender - Men and women suffer from different
types of diseases at different ages.
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16. Gross character /Dimension of
health
Health
Physical
health
Mental
health
Social
health
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17. Physical Health
It means adequate body weight, height and
circumference as per age and sex with
acceptable level of vision, hearing, locomotion
or movements, acceptable levels of pulse rate,
blood pressure, respiratory rate,
chest circumference, head
circumference, waist hip ratio.

18. It means The body structure and functions
confirming to laid down standards within the
range of normal development and functions of
all the systems.

19. Physical: Physical health refers to the state of the
body; its compositions, development, functions and
maintenance. Following are a few ways to ensure
good physical health.
1. Eat nutritious food, to keep the body and mind
energized.
2. Never skip meals or overeat.
3. Water is essential for cleansing the body.
4. Fitness through exercise will increase immunity
and endurance levels of the body.
5. Regular medical checkups can help in arresting an
illness, in its early stages.
6. Sleep at least for 7 uninterrupted hours daily.
7. Avoid addictive substances.
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20. Intellectual: This is a cognitive ability to develop
skills and knowledge to enhance one's life. Our
intellectual capacity helps to stimulate our
creativity and insight in decision making.
1. Setting realistic goals will go a long way in life
planning.
2. Explore every opportunity with an open mind.
3. Be aware of the demands and expectations
4. A positive outlook, especially when dealing
with conflicts.
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21. Emotional: Our ability to accept and cope with our
own and others feelings is defined as emotional well-
being. Emotions contribute to almost all aspects of
our life, at times, even setting course of actions.
Symptoms of emotional problems; as hopelessness,
depression, anxiety and even suicidal tendencies are
not always easily detectable, but can lead to dire
consequences.
1. Awareness and acceptance of our strength is
essential for our emotional well-being.
2. Ability to handle stress and seek help, if needed.
3. Build strong communication networks among
family, friends and peers.
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22. Social: To build and maintain satisfying
relationships, comes naturally to us, as we are
social animals. Being socially accepted, is also
connected to our emotional well-being.
1. We should increase our ability to interact with
people and their ideas.
2. Accept and understand diverse cultural norms.
3. Build networks among different kinds of
people.
4. Adopt a positive self image.
5. Enhance your interpersonal communication
skills.
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23. Spiritual: Our good health is incomplete without
being spiritually healthy. To seek meaning and
purpose of life is termed as being spiritual.
Spiritual health refers to our personal belief and
value, our own acceptance or rejection of the
creation. There are no prescribed ways, to attain
spiritual well-being, it's more a matter of looking
inwards, at our own depth of understanding, our
existence and creation.
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24. Mental health
The positive dimension of mental health is
stressed in WHO’s
definition of health as
contained in its
constitution.

25. Mental health is defined “as a state of
well being in which the individual realized
his or her own abilities, can cope with
normal stresses of life, can work
productively and fruitfully and is able to
make a contribution to his or her
community”.

26. 3 Mental health.
Thinking power.
• View.
•Understanding.
•Satisfaction.
•To solve the problem according to the ability and experience.
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28. Characteristics of good health.
• The person has capability to do work.
• The person feels himself efficient to
take decisions and work accordingly .
• The person remains in sound mental
condition.
• The person remain free from any
disease.
• The person does not suffer from mental
tension.

29. Optimum health
A person who enjoys health at
physical, Mental and social is said to
be optimum health.
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30. The Basic Requirements for a Healthy Life
• Living life involves knowledge about basic survival
skills paired with making connections to people
who help you get your needs met. In the mid-
1900s, humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow
identified his theory of the basic needs for
successful human progression, deemed the
"hierarchy of needs." Within this hierarchy, the
first and most important needs included basic
survival, or physiological needs, followed by safety
and belonging.
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31. Basic require to be health life
1 personal requirement : diet , exercise ,
personal hygiene , habit , life style .
2 Environment requirement : water , air ,
housing , noise , infrastructure , road ,
3 public heath services requirements : health
promotion, disease prevention , heath
protection , epidemic control,
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32. Personal factors
Some personal factors also affects our health.
Ex- eating and sleeping, tension, refrain from
taking regular exercise etc.can make a healthy
person ill.

33. Requirements of good health
We all know that , Good health essential for
Leading purposeful life.
For maintaning a good health
following conditions are essential.
1. Nutrition
2. Exercise and rest
3. Good habits

34. Environmental factors
The environment in which a man lives,
can also affect his health.
Environmental factors may be further
divided into two parts:-
(a) Internal factors
(b) External factors

35. 1 Eat Healthy Food / Nutrition
Eat a variety of nutrient rich foods Eat nutritious foods as they are
essential to physiological survival. Skipping meals, eating massive
portions or binge eating and consuming high-fat or high-calorie
meals limits your energy and nutrient absorption. Food is the basic
fuel of life. Start with the basic food groups, like fruits and
vegetables, whole grains, dairy and meat. Choose fresh foods over
packaged foods. Read nutrition labels and limit the amount of
sodium, sugar and saturated fat you consume per serving. Eat raw
or steamed vegetables instead of fried or microwaved items.
2 Get Physical Exercise
Physical activity is important in reducing your risk of obesity, diabetes
and heart disease. It also stimulates your mental wellness by
increasing brain chemicals involved in regulating your mood, sleep
and appetite. For every hour you engage in exercise, like walking,
you may add two hours to your life. It can be difficult to fit exercise
into your daily routine, but try by walking around your
neighborhood instead of watching a 30-minute show on television.
Get your family involved in exercise to make it fun or ask friends to
join you in becoming healthier.
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36. 3 Steer Clear to avoid someone or something that seems unpleasant,
dangerous, or likely to cause problems.
Smoking, drinking excessive amounts of alcohol and illicit drug use like
cocaine or marijuana increases your risk of liver, lung and heart
disorders. Steer clear of drug use altogether and find support to help
you stop smoking.
.
4 Take Preventive Measures
. Take precautions in your daily life by washing your hands before
handling food, after using the restroom and in dealing with people
in a medical setting. Use prophylactics before engaging in sexual
contact and limit sexual partners. Place sunscreen on your body to
protect your skin from sun damage. Avoid distractions while driving
like texting and talking on the cell phone. Do not drink alcohol or use
drugs and drive. Protect yourself from unintended injury from car
accidents by wearing a seat belt.
5 A Balanced Life Manage your daily stress by taking the time to relax
after a long day. Go to a quiet room or listen to calming music. Join a
yoga or meditation class to learn breathing and relaxation
techniques. Find a healthy balance between work, relationships,
home and leisure time.
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37. 6 Drink water
Stay away from cokes and other sugary sodas,
Water helps not only to hydrate, but to aid in
blood circulation, the removal of toxins from
our bodies and in the regulation of our body
temperatures.
7 Avoid too much caffeine. Caffeine is a mildly
addictive drug that can affect your ability to
sleep and focus while also affecting such
bodily functions as muscle function and the
cleansing of waste products.
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38. • Get involved and meet people in a positive
environment.
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39. Point should be remembered
• Freedom from pain and physical sense of well being.
• Freedom from extremes emotion.
• Freedom from confusion.
• Feeling of inner fulfillment.
• Fully functioning according to ones unique ability.
• Living life to one’s unique gifts.
In summary. Health is the physiology condition of a person.
Any deviation from this physiology may be termed as
disease condition or pathology.
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40. Changing concept of health
1. Biomedical concept- germ theory
2. Ecological concept- environmental
3. Psychosocial concept- religion , culture,
economical
4. Holistic concept
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41. Health of healthy population is primary concern of
public health and need of public heath services
• Public health has been defined as "the science and
art of preventing disease”, prolonging life and
promoting human health through organized efforts
and informed choices of society, organizations, public
and private, communities and individuals". Analyzing
the health of a population and the threats it faces is
the basis for public health. The public can be as small
as a handful of people or as large as a village or an
entire city
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42. • The concept of health takes into account physical,
psychological and social well-being. As such,
according to the World Health Organization, it is
not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
• Public health is an interdisciplinary field. For
example, epidemiology, biostatistics and managem
ent of health services are all relevant. Other
important subfields include environmental
health, community health, behavioral
health, health economics, public policy, mental
health, health education, occupational safety,
gender issues in health, and sexual and
reproductive health.
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43. • Public health aims to improve the quality of life through
prevention and treatment of disease, including mental health.
This is done through the surveillance of cases and health
indicators, and through the promotion of healthy behaviors.
Common public health initiatives include promotion of hand
washing and breastfeeding, delivery of vaccinations, suicide
prevention, and distribution of condoms to control the spread
of sexually transmitted diseases.
• Modern public health practice requires multidisciplinary
teams of public health workers and professionals. Teams
might include epidemiologists, biostatisticians, medical
assistants, public health nurses, midwives, medical
microbiologists,, sociologists, geneticists, Depending on the
need, environmental health officers or public health
inspectors , and even veterinarians, gender experts, or sexual
and reproductive health specialists might be called on.
• Access to health care and public health initiatives are difficult
challenges in developing countries. Public health
infrastructures are still forming in those countries.
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44. • In conclusion , we can say that Health of healthy
population is primary concern of public health. For
example success of public heath means decline the
medical care and failure of medical care means rise
of medical care . Public health program plays vital
role to improve health status of public .there is
need of public heath services for example heath
promotion , protection and disease prevention is
needed like
• National immunization program
• Safe mother hood program
• Nutritional program
• Vector control program
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45. Public health program in Nepal
1. Immunization Programme:
2. Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
(IMCI) and the Newborn Care Programme
(NCP):
3. Nutrition Programme:
4. Safe Motherhood Programme
5. Family Planning (FP) Programme:
6. Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
(ASRH) Programme

46. 7 Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV)
Programme:
8 Malaria Control Programme
9 Kala-azar Elimination Programme:
10 Dengue Control Programme
11 Leprosy Control Programme
12 HIV/AIDS and STI Control Programme:
13 National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP):
14 Programme on Mental Health and Neurological
Disorders
15 Health Education and Communication
Programme

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48. The end
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