HCS103 Contexts of Practice
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Social work originated from the Charity Organisations Society in the UK and Settlement Movement in the USA. It developed in Australia with influences from both. Key developments included the growth of professional education and the Australian Association of Social Workers. Social work addresses issues at multiple levels from individual to community to policy and is practiced across government, non-government and private organizations. Recurring debates in social work include the balance between social order and change, and between individual and structural approaches.
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The document provides context on the origins and development of social work. It discusses how social work emerged from the Charity Organisations Society in the UK and Settlement Movement in the USA. These had different views on poverty, with COS seeing it as individual issue and Settlement Movement seeing it as structural. Australian social work was influenced by both. Key periods of social change like the Great Depression and 1960s/70s led to changes in social work ideology, knowledge and practice. The document outlines the role of the Australian Association of Social Workers in regulating practice standards and ethics. It introduces different models, contexts and recurring themes in social work practice.
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- Early cities formed around 3500 BCE in river valleys and were centers for culture, science, and trade. Industrialization in the 18th century drove urbanization as people moved to cities for work.
- Major sociological theories for understanding society include functionalism, conflict theory, and postmodernism. Functionalism views society's institutions as fulfilling essential functions, while conflict theory sees social groups as competing for resources.
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Group work evolved from informal community organizations in the late 19th/early 20th century United States in response to industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. It was used by settlement houses, youth organizations, unions and others to help communities adapt. In the 1920s, thinkers recognized its potential and it became a recognized method. After World War II, literature and theories on group work increased and it professionalized although its popularity declined in the 1960s. It reemerged in the 1970s and continues globally with adaptations to different contexts.
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This document provides an introduction to the field of social work. It defines social work as a profession that promotes social change, problem-solving, and empowerment to enhance well-being. Social work is based on respect for human rights and social justice. It focuses on meeting human needs and developing potential. The core values of social work are service, social justice, dignity, relationships, integrity, and competence. Social work engages people and structures to address challenges and enhance well-being. Community organization is a process where a community identifies needs, prioritizes them, develops confidence to address needs, finds resources, takes action, and promotes cooperation.
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this is related to social work subject. it helps to understand the basic concept of a social work and also basic difference between social worker and a psychologist
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Social group work in the Philippines has evolved over time from a focus on socialization goals before the 1960s to increasingly emphasize prevention, treatment, and development. Early socio-civic movements introduced group work which was used to develop individuals through social skills and values. In the 1960s, groups were used for both preventive and therapeutic purposes. The 1970s saw an emphasis on developmental goals in line with government plans. Currently, most social welfare agencies offer group services for development, organizing, and treatment.
Oyugi
This case study examines social entrepreneurship among women making paper beads in the informal sector of Kireka and Banda, Kampala, Uganda. Most of the women are widows, refugees, or living with HIV/AIDS. In addition to self-employment, their businesses provide a survival strategy. Though operating small nonprofit businesses, they demonstrate innovative behaviors and increase mission value, qualifying as social entrepreneurs. The study analyzes psychological, sociological, and economic theories to explain the emergence of social entrepreneurship in this context, noting the importance of social networks and life circumstances. It concludes by questioning how these social entrepreneurs can gain market access and whether a sustainable model can be adapted for this community.
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2 - Social Economy Innovation-Bill Slee.pdf
The 13th OECD Rural Development Conference was held in Cavan, Ireland on 28-30 September 2022 under the theme "Building Sustainable, Resilient and Thriving
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Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptx
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles
Introduction:
All human beings are part of the society and everyone in the society has different social role and duties.
While performing his role and duties, individual faces many problems in one or other form, which hinder his performance as a social being.
Casework is the oldest and the most developed method of solving individual’s problems and improving his social relations.
Social Case work, Historical Development and Principles.pptx
Social case work developed as a professional method in the late 19th century to help individuals solve problems in their social functioning. It aims to enable clients to have more satisfying experiences dealing with problems in their social environment. The historical development of case work involved the establishment of organizations like the Charity Organization Society in London in 1869 and the use of "friendly visitors" and later trained "paid agents" and "almoners". Case work principles include individualization, purposeful expression of feelings, self-determination, acceptance, and maintaining client confidentiality.
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HCS103 topic 9
The document discusses aging and human services. It notes that aging is often stereotyped but that aged people are a diverse population with varied needs. Traditional human services for the aged included hospitals and nursing homes, but more recent emphasis is on community care, independence, and reduced institutionalization. The aging population is increasing rapidly due to factors like increased life expectancy. Aged people have varied psychosocial needs related to factors like health, social connection, and culture. Current policy aims to encourage independent living and marketization of aged care services. Social workers play key roles in supporting the aged through services, counseling, advocacy and assessment. Specific areas of practice include dementia care, palliative care, and preventing elder abuse.
HCS103 topic 8
Child abuse and neglect is defined by the WHO as any form of physical, emotional, sexual abuse, neglect, or exploitation that harms a child's well-being. In Australia, mandatory reporting laws require certain professionals to report suspected abuse, though this places pressure on under-resourced welfare systems. Risk assessment in child protection raises issues around balancing parental rights, cultural differences, and state responsibility. Early intervention approaches emphasize multidisciplinary, ecological models and strengthening families and communities to prevent abuse and neglect.
HSC103 topic 7
This document discusses the history and current state of social work in mental health. It outlines three historical trends in mental health from the 1770s to today: moral treatment in institutions, specialized psychiatric units and psychotherapy, and current community care and deinstitutionalization. The document also discusses the social work values of respect, self-determination, and confidentiality that underpin practice in mental health. Finally, it addresses the policy context of promoting mental health and preventing problems through multifaceted services and multidisciplinary teams respecting consumers' rights.
HCS103 topic 6
Social work in health originated in almshouses and hospitals in the late 19th century to assess patients' eligibility for free treatment and mobilize resources. Over time, the role has expanded from case management to addressing broader psychosocial factors through a biopsychosocial model. With health reform prioritizing prevention and primary care, social workers now provide services in hospitals and communities through activities like assessment, advocacy, and health promotion working with individuals, families, groups and organizations. The objectives of social work are to support adjustment to health conditions and guide clients, while skills in areas like complex assessment, collaboration and communication are required.
HCS103 topic 5
This document discusses employment, income maintenance, and the role of social work in Australia. It provides statistics on employment levels that show a decrease in unemployment. It then discusses unpaid work and its value. The rest of the document outlines the development of the welfare state and income support systems in Australia. It discusses different models of social security and trends indicating a need for reform. It also describes the historical role of social workers within the social security and income support bureaucracy in Australia.
HCS103 topic 4
Social work has traditionally been dominated by women both as clients and practitioners. Gender and sexuality influence how social issues are experienced. While progress has been made towards equality, inequality persists in areas like pay, superannuation, and positions of power. Women predominately access services related to poverty, violence, and caregiving. The women's liberation and LGBTQ+ movements have advocated for greater equality and recognition of diverse experiences related to gender and sexuality. Key legislation aims to promote non-discrimination and equal opportunities.
HCS103 topic 3
This presentation provides historical context on Indigenous Australians and discusses culturally appropriate social work practice. It outlines over 60,000 years of Indigenous culture in Australia prior to European arrival, and summarizes key events from colonization to present, including policies of assimilation, the Stolen Generations, land rights movements, and calls for constitutional recognition of Indigenous peoples. The presentation emphasizes the importance for social workers to understand this history, acknowledge past injustices, and develop culturally appropriate, human rights-based approaches through self-reflection, empowerment, and constant learning.
HCS103 topic 1
This document provides an overview of the fields of practice in HCS103, a core subject in social work and social welfare degrees. It introduces key terminology related to human services and social work. Social work draws from various disciplines and aims to facilitate social change, empowerment, and social justice. Social welfare practice requires understanding human development, social systems, and how individual and societal factors interact. Practice occurs at micro, meso, and macro levels.
Assessment 2
This document provides information and instructions for Assessment Item 2 in the subject HCS103. It discusses the following key points:
- The assessment involves choosing two questions from a list of topics and writing an 800 word response for each. Topics include social security, health, mental health, and others.
- Learning outcomes, marking criteria, and general guidelines for presentation are provided. Feedback from Assessment 1 is summarized regarding referencing, academic writing, and engagement with subject materials.
- Support resources for referencing, academic literacy, and extensions/special consideration are outlined. Examples of circumstances that may or may not warrant extensions are given.
- Any other questions about the assessment can be directed to the subject coordinator
HCS103 Topic 12
International social work involves various organizations at the global level including the United Nations, World Health Organization, World Bank, and non-governmental organizations. Social work roles within these international organizations can include casework, community development, planning, policy work, administration, and research. There is no single agreed upon definition of international social work, but it generally involves exchanges or relationships between two or more countries. Globalization is a process that increases human interaction worldwide and transcends traditional boundaries, though it also poses challenges for ensuring social welfare and equitable development. Cultural relativism is important in international social work to adapt practices to local contexts, but complex issues around human rights must also be considered.
HCS103 Topic 11
This document discusses social work practice in the field of crime and corrections. It addresses issues at the micro, meso, and macro levels that offenders may face. It explores how culture and location influence what behaviors are considered criminal and how crime statistics have limitations. Common offender characteristics are outlined. The goals of criminal justice systems around punishment, rehabilitation and community safety are discussed. The roles of social workers in primary, secondary and tertiary intervention models are presented along with dilemmas in balancing social control and care.
HCS103 Topic 10
This document discusses social work with people with disabilities. It begins by defining disability according to the World Health Organization and Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. It then summarizes key findings from the 2015 Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers that found 18.3% of Australians live with a disability. The document outlines four main models of disability: the moral approach, individual/medical model, economic/policy model, and social/political model. For each model, it discusses the social worker's role and criticisms. It emphasizes that social workers must recognize influences of different models in policy and practice to effectively support people with disabilities. The document concludes by listing key practice issues for social work in this area.
HCS103 Topic 9
This document provides an overview of ageing and social work. It discusses stereotypes and perceptions of older people, changing demographics as the population ages, theoretical perspectives on aging, policy reforms in aged care, and specific areas of social work practice including dementia, palliative care, and elder abuse. Traditional and emerging settings for social work with older clients are outlined. The roles of social workers in counseling, advocacy, assessment, and case management are also summarized.
HCS103 Topic 10
Child abuse and neglect occurs when a child is harmed or likely to be harmed by a parent, caregiver, or person responsible for their care. It refers to situations where a child needs protection due to an inability or unwillingness of caregivers to protect them from abuse. Decision-making in child protection involves multi-disciplinary and multi-agency collaboration, with risk assessments weighing technical and moral factors. Most Australian states require certain professionals and members of the public to report suspected abuse via mandatory reporting systems. However, reports often outstrip available resources to adequately respond to families in need. Early intervention and population-level, strengths-based approaches aim to support families and prevent abuse by addressing underlying socio-economic stresses.
HCS103 Topic 9
This document discusses the history and current state of social work in mental health. It outlines three historical trends in mental health from the 1770s to today: moral treatment in institutions, specialized psychiatric units and psychotherapy, and current community care and deinstitutionalization. The document also discusses the social work values of respect, self-determination, and confidentiality that underpin practice in mental health. Finally, it addresses the policy context of promoting mental health and preventing problems through multifaceted services and multidisciplinary teams respecting consumers' rights.
HCS103 Topic 6
Social work in health originated in almshouses and hospitals in the late 19th century to assess patients' eligibility for free treatment and mobilize resources. Over time, the role has expanded from gatekeeping to include assessment, support, advocacy, and connecting patients to community resources. The medical model historically situated social workers in a subordinate role to doctors, focusing on discharge planning. However, models emphasizing chronic care and biopsychosocial factors now promote multidisciplinary, preventative approaches and greater collaboration between social workers and other health professionals. Today social workers in health settings provide services ranging from individual casework to community development and policy work.
HCS103 Topic 5
This document discusses employment, income maintenance, and the role of social work in Australia's social security system. It provides statistics on employment and unemployment rates. It also discusses unpaid work and its value. The development of the welfare state is outlined, with the goals of ensuring a reasonable standard of living and redistributing wealth. Two models of social security are described. Trends indicating the need for reform to the social support system are presented. The document then discusses the evolving role of social workers within the social security and income support bureaucracy from the 1940s to present day.
HCS103 Topic 4
Social work has traditionally been dominated by women both as clients and practitioners. Gender and sexuality influence how social issues are experienced. While progress has been made towards equality, inequality persists in areas like pay, superannuation, and opportunities. Violence disproportionately impacts women and girls. Social movements have advocated for women's rights and LGBTQ+ equality through several waves. Key legislation promotes nondiscrimination, though ongoing challenges remain around issues like poverty, leadership, and violence against women.
HCS103 Topic 3
This document discusses cultural diversity and multiculturalism in Australia. It provides an overview of Australia's immigration history and policies over time, from assimilation to multiculturalism. It also discusses key terms related to cultural diversity and immigration such as refugees and asylum seekers. The document outlines several models for culturally sensitive social work practice, including ethno-specific, psychological, linguistic, and anti-racist approaches. It notes ethical issues for social workers in practice with culturally diverse groups, including the power differential and lack of cultural sensitivity.
HCS103 Topic 3
This document provides an overview of Indigenous and Torres Strait Islander history and culture in Australia. It discusses:
- Indigenous people as the oldest continuous culture in the world, having survived for over 60,000 years.
- 2016 census data showing Indigenous people make up 2.8% of the population, with higher proportions in the NT and lower in Victoria.
- Historical contexts of European colonization, the Stolen Generations, assimilation policies, and the movement for self-determination, land rights, and reconciliation over the 20th century.
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HCS103 Contexts of Practice
- 1. SOCIAL SERVICES- HISTORY AND AREAS OF PRACTICE HCS103 Acknowledgement: Some slides from Karen Bell
- 2. REVIEW FROM LAST WEEK What is Social Work? - Internationally recognised profession - Accredited at tertiary level - Professional body (AASW) - Code of practice, body of knowledge, methods, skills - Core values
- 3. SHORT CLIP- WHAT IS SOCIAL WORK?
- 4. ORIGINS OF SOCIAL WORK UK – Charity Organisations Society(COS) USA - Settlement movement (SM) Australia – penal colony to free society, dual influence of COS and SM
- 5. UK CHARITY ORGANISATIONS SOCIETY • Late 19th century – industrialisation > serving capitalism • Social casework – correcting people, social control • WORLD WAR 1 – trauma • 1920s – role of SW is community work, social policy and casework
- 6. KEY POINTS ABOUT COS • Poverty seen as an individual issue • ‘Deserving’ / ‘undeserving poor’ • Lack of focus on societal / collective factors • Individual casework approach (micro level)
- 7. USA- SETTLEMENT MOVEMENT • Society not providing to all adequately • Need for egalitarianism, redistribution • Community based, more group work, political activism, reform • Poverty seen a structural issue, rather than individual problem • World War 1 – trauma – more focus on individual work in addition to other levels of practice • 1920s – Decreased influence of Settlement Movement, increase in psychoanalysis, Cold War context / McCarthyism, reformers seen as ‘risks’
- 8. KEY POINTS ABOUT THE SETTLEMENT MOVEMENT • Poverty as a social ‘structural’ issue • Increased focus on collective, societal issues • Poverty as a social issue • Emphasis on group work, community development, advocacy, policy, social change (meso, macro level)
- 9. DEVELOPMENT OF AUSTRALIAN SW • Dual influence of UK & US • Context of colonisation and dispossession • Emerges from middle class women’s view of needs of poor
- 10. AUSTRALIAN SOCIAL WORK TIMELINE • Anna King – established Female Factory 1804 for poor females in the new colony – housing, work & training • Caroline Chisholm – welfare and work reforms • 1887 – COS active in Melbourne- hospital almoners – push to train almoners • 1940s – degree training for Social Work at Uni Sydney, then Melbourne, Adelaide • 1946 – AASW formed – increasing advisory role to Universities re educational needs of Social work
- 11. IMPORTANT PERIODS FOR SOCIAL WORK 1930s – Great Depression – re-emergence of social action, radicalism. View of poverty as individual ‘fault’ is challenged by global recession. 1940s – ‘person-in-situation perspective in SW, strengthening of generic SW 1960s & 70s – Vietnam War, Civil Rights Movements, Women’s Movement, student activism – re-emphasis on social activism and macro-level practice in SW
- 12. 1960s & 70s (cont) - Community development becomes part of mainstream SW - Increased emphasis on radical SW & criticism of individual casework as means of social control 1980s – Economic context - decreased radicalism, though increased influence of feminism & class not seen as the only disadvantage - Multidimensional perspective gathers influence in SW
- 13. 1990s – current - rise of managerialism, neoliberalism, economic rationalism - human services as ‘business’ - emphasis on efficiency, quality management, etc rather than social - changed funding arrangements based managerial outcomes rather than client outcomes / effectiveness
- 14. KEY POINTS • Major social changes / crises can lead to changes in thinking (ideology) • These can lead to changes in policy and responses to issues • Changes to professional practice / knowledge base of professions such as social work
- 15. AUSTRALIAN CULTURAL INFLUENCES AND THEMES • Colonisation – terra nullius • Indigenous issues • Increased post - WWII migration • Multiculturalism
- 16. THE AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATION OF SOCIAL WORKERS (AASW) • Formed 1946 at federal level • Member of International Federation of Social Workers (IFSW) • IFSW has representation at the United Nations
- 17. AASW • Monitors practice standards • Accredits university BSW courses • Competency guidelines, code of ethics • Provides continuing professional education, member accreditation, journal, conferences • Promotes objectives of SW • Offers Student memberships! Please see resources folder
- 18. KEY ETHICAL PRINCIPLES • Respect for unique value of individuals • Client self-determination • Social justice • Professional integrity
- 19. METHODS OF SW PRACTICE Individual casework Case management Group work Community development Advocacy Social action Policy Research
- 20. INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL WORK
- 21. CONTEXT OF PRACTICE Organisations Government Non-government Private Church International Charities
- 22. MODELS OF PRACTICE Traditional - casework, individual / family focus Radical - structural / environmental aspects of an issue taken into account and become target for interventions Critical/reflective - combination of individual casework principles and structural considerations, multidimensional approach to Social Work
- 23. SOME KEY TERMS Economic rationalism / Neo-liberalism - reduced government service provision & funding, market principles dominant, Managerialism - market & commercial management principles used in welfare service delivery, outcome measures based on commercial principles, accountability procedures arguably not suited to welfare context Privatisation - reduced government role in service provision, competitive tendering for funding based on market principles, increased service delivery by private organisations, profit motive
- 24. RECURRING THEMES IN SOCIAL WORK Ideology and locus of intervention - Pursuit of individual adaptation or social change? - Social order or social change? - Social care or social control? - Targeting individuals, communities or society?
- 25. Converging typologies of practice - Traditional – consensus, individual - Radical Marxist - conflictual, community - Radical reformist – multidimensional/multilevel practice RECURRING THEMES IN SOCIAL WORK
- 26. Ideology, charity & social policy - Residualism – charity & deserving poor - Social nation – state control - Entitlement and citizenship rights – legal political & social - Mutual obligation – income support etc RECURRING THEMES IN SOCIAL WORK