We know diversification, extending production into more complex and higher value added goods and services, is they key to the process and development. And yet diversification implies doing things you currently don´t know how to do. Countries need to add new capabilities, which they cannot possibly have. We also know that it is easier to “move brains” to new locations, than to move knowhow into brains, i.e. moving experienced workers into a new location is faster than building experienced workers. Is this easier or even feasible to do? We find this is highly contingent on the “Sense of Us” as it regards policy areas like immigration and business travel. The "Sense of Us" is the collective illusion defining a place sense of who they are. Here we present three examples of three different policy engagements in Panama, Saudi Arabia and Chiapas (México), to show how did we stumble into the sense of us enthuse places, and how understanding it and be able to shape in a more inclusive way is cornerstone in the efforts to develop and grow out of poverty.
Professor Mick Moore's presentation for UNU-WIDER webinar on Covid-19 and taxation in Africa.
For more info and resources:
https://www.ictd.ac/event/mick-moore-wider-webinar-covid-19-tax-africa/
https://www.wider.unu.edu/event/mick-moore-covid-19-and-taxation-africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
Over the last two decades, South Africa has made notable strides in moving away from the legacy of its apartheid
past and in consolidating the institutions and practices of democracy.
Doing Business, South Africa measures business regulations and their enforcement in 9 urban areas and 4 major ports.
Giulia Mascagni presents "Tracking Covid-19’s impact on tax in Africa: Formal and informal tax burdens, tax attitudes, and the reach of tax relief" for Tax Administration Research Centre (TARC) online workshop on June 19, 2020.
Professor Mick Moore's presentation for UNU-WIDER webinar on Covid-19 and taxation in Africa.
For more info and resources:
https://www.ictd.ac/event/mick-moore-wider-webinar-covid-19-tax-africa/
https://www.wider.unu.edu/event/mick-moore-covid-19-and-taxation-africa
South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is the southernmost sovereign state in Africa.
It is bounded on the south by 2,798 kilometers of coastline of Southern Africa stretching along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans, on the north by the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe, and on the east by Mozambique and Swaziland, and surrounding the kingdom of Lesotho.
South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions.
Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in the constitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.
South Africa has the seventh-highest per capita income in Africa. However, poverty and inequality remain widespread, with about a quarter of the population unemployed and living on less than US$1.25 a day.
Over the last two decades, South Africa has made notable strides in moving away from the legacy of its apartheid
past and in consolidating the institutions and practices of democracy.
Doing Business, South Africa measures business regulations and their enforcement in 9 urban areas and 4 major ports.
Giulia Mascagni presents "Tracking Covid-19’s impact on tax in Africa: Formal and informal tax burdens, tax attitudes, and the reach of tax relief" for Tax Administration Research Centre (TARC) online workshop on June 19, 2020.
Group work in International Trade (March 2015):
PESTLE model should help us to evaluate the country Brazil in terms of its attractiveness as a trade partner country. My part: "Future Development" of Brazil (Slide p. 35)
In course of the presentation, you get familiar with Brazil's politics, its economical situation, social environment, legal issues and shortly with its external environment. The research was conducted in March 2015.
Alberto Trejos - América Latina | A look at Central America
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
Visum Outsourcing Immigration is the fastest growing immigration consultants having expertise of providing quality solutions in immigration services to individuals, families and corporate clients those who are seeking to Settle, Work, Study, Visit or move temporarily or permanently in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, Germany, UK, Hong Kong, Singapore and others countries globally.
Income inequality has been around your decades. Very few governments have had success with squashing income inequality. One could argue Scandinavia countries have done a good job eradication of income inequality but when you take a deep look then you will see high cost of living and lack of desire to work.
This presentation shows some of the most important positive changes that the Colombian economy has undergone, and it shows investors the ease of doing businesses in Colombia.
Allot will be said about GDP as part of the election build in June 2018. The problem is major areas will not be discussed by Wynne as it would paint a picture that shows Wynne was poor steward of the Ontario Economy.
Economies are driven by many factors including capital investment and consumer spending. Government only role is to set policies. Wynne and McGuinty policies have led to implementation of carbon pricing, labor reforms, hikes to hydro rates, longer regulatory approval process for natural resources, killing of the east-west pipelines, etc.
Both McGuinty and Wynne continue to spend beyond their means in terms of their fiscal management cycle. The reality is businesses get scared when faced with more taxes and/or more regulations.
2015 Election Promise - Liberal Party of Canada – Goods to Market – Canada – ...paul young cpa, cga
Canada is export driven country. Canada exports about 25% of its GDP. Canada needs access to market.
For each $1B of exports lead to 5,500 jobs. The exports driven jobs tends to pay 30-50% more than the service sector.
In 2015 The government of Australia proposed a tax of 35 percent on income and 95 percent of superannuation of backpackers from previous zero percent. This tax was above the competitor countries viz New Zealand, Canada and others. The presentation covers the issue came up in the affected industries mainly tourism and agriculture and also provides some of the options for the issue to be resolved.
Election 2018 - Ontario - Manufacturing Sector - May 2018paul young cpa, cga
Ontario needs to become more competitive as such more regulations and taxes will not help that cause.
Both the Liberals and NDP believe in higher taxes and more regulations.
Informality in Latin America: Taxes and beyond
III CAF-Oxford Conference Understanding the Challenges of Informality in Latin America
St Antony’s College, University of Oxford - Nov 4, 2016
Looking at the statistics around the demographic splits and how they affect economic growth and prosperity, it becomes obvious that a Youth Movement is Required and Soon.
Group work in International Trade (March 2015):
PESTLE model should help us to evaluate the country Brazil in terms of its attractiveness as a trade partner country. My part: "Future Development" of Brazil (Slide p. 35)
In course of the presentation, you get familiar with Brazil's politics, its economical situation, social environment, legal issues and shortly with its external environment. The research was conducted in March 2015.
Alberto Trejos - América Latina | A look at Central America
O Instituto Brasileiro de Economia (IBRE), da Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), realizou, no dia 19 de setembro de 2014, o seminário internacional A América Latina e as Novas Condições Econômicas Mundiais.
O evento abordou a questão das perspectivas latinoamericanas diante das mudanças impostas, entre outros fatores, pela desaceleração da China e pela gradual normalização da política monetária dos EUA.
O encontro foi organizado em três painéis, que incluiram desde estudos de casos nacionais — Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia e México — a apresentações mais abrangentes da economia da região como um todo ou parte dela.
Confira as fotos do evento e mais informações no site do FGV/IBRE: http://bit.ly/YdyhyL
Visum Outsourcing Immigration is the fastest growing immigration consultants having expertise of providing quality solutions in immigration services to individuals, families and corporate clients those who are seeking to Settle, Work, Study, Visit or move temporarily or permanently in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Denmark, Germany, UK, Hong Kong, Singapore and others countries globally.
Income inequality has been around your decades. Very few governments have had success with squashing income inequality. One could argue Scandinavia countries have done a good job eradication of income inequality but when you take a deep look then you will see high cost of living and lack of desire to work.
This presentation shows some of the most important positive changes that the Colombian economy has undergone, and it shows investors the ease of doing businesses in Colombia.
Allot will be said about GDP as part of the election build in June 2018. The problem is major areas will not be discussed by Wynne as it would paint a picture that shows Wynne was poor steward of the Ontario Economy.
Economies are driven by many factors including capital investment and consumer spending. Government only role is to set policies. Wynne and McGuinty policies have led to implementation of carbon pricing, labor reforms, hikes to hydro rates, longer regulatory approval process for natural resources, killing of the east-west pipelines, etc.
Both McGuinty and Wynne continue to spend beyond their means in terms of their fiscal management cycle. The reality is businesses get scared when faced with more taxes and/or more regulations.
2015 Election Promise - Liberal Party of Canada – Goods to Market – Canada – ...paul young cpa, cga
Canada is export driven country. Canada exports about 25% of its GDP. Canada needs access to market.
For each $1B of exports lead to 5,500 jobs. The exports driven jobs tends to pay 30-50% more than the service sector.
In 2015 The government of Australia proposed a tax of 35 percent on income and 95 percent of superannuation of backpackers from previous zero percent. This tax was above the competitor countries viz New Zealand, Canada and others. The presentation covers the issue came up in the affected industries mainly tourism and agriculture and also provides some of the options for the issue to be resolved.
Election 2018 - Ontario - Manufacturing Sector - May 2018paul young cpa, cga
Ontario needs to become more competitive as such more regulations and taxes will not help that cause.
Both the Liberals and NDP believe in higher taxes and more regulations.
Informality in Latin America: Taxes and beyond
III CAF-Oxford Conference Understanding the Challenges of Informality in Latin America
St Antony’s College, University of Oxford - Nov 4, 2016
Looking at the statistics around the demographic splits and how they affect economic growth and prosperity, it becomes obvious that a Youth Movement is Required and Soon.
Key Takeaways:
- Zambia in numbers
- Steps for Registering business in Zambia
- Time and Cost involved in registration
- Tax structure and incentives for businesses
Key Takeaways:
- Demography and Business Environment of Senegal
- Procedures relating to Setting up Business
- Regulations and Reforms
- Business Structures and Tax Incentives
- Relevant Numbers
Panama has been one of the fastest growing economies in the world over the previous decade. In that short but vibrant time span, the country managed to double its income per capita. Growth has been spearheaded by the development of a modern service sector on the activities surrounding the Canal, and non-residential construction. Large public infrastructure projects and the private provision for infrastructure demanded by the service sector, have fueled growth and expanded job opportunities for non-skilled workers.
Two warning signals hover over Panama’s stellar performance. The construction sector has been growing at a rate equivalent to doubling its stock of structures every four years. The demand for non-residential construction cannot grow indefinitely at a higher rate than the rest of the economy. Once the stock of infrastructure required by the service sector is set and large infrastructure projects are completed, the rate of growth will recede and other sectors shall take the leading role. The deceleration of construction, characterized by a lower demand of non-skilled labor, will feed into the second warning signal: Income inequality. In spite of the minor improvements registered over the accelerated-growth spell, Panama remains amongst the world's top five most unequal countries. Both warning signals point to the need of further diversifying the Panamanian economy, and promoting economic activity in the provinces so as to deconcentrate growth and make it more inclusive.
Youth, Skills and Entrepreneurship in Latin America and the Caribbean
Angel Melguizo and Paula Cerutti, OECD Development Centre
OAS Towards Concrete Solutions for Addressing Youth Employment in the Caribbean
December 6 2017, Barbados
Alberto Trejos - Latin America | A look at Central America.
FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics (IBRE) held, on 19 September 2014, the international seminar “Latin America and new global economic conditions”.
The event addressed the issue of Latin American perspectives given imposed change, among other factors, caused by the slowdown in China and the gradual normalization of US monetary policy.
The meeting was organized in three panels, which included national case studies from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Mexico.
Visit FGV/IBRE's website at: http://www.fgv.br/ibre
The 2nd Biennial Engaging Immigrant Entrepreneurs & Small Business Owners ForumAllentza Michel
Featuring presentations from:
- Alvaro Lima, Director of Research, Boston Redevelopment Authority
- Alberto Calvo, President of Stop & Compare Supermarkets & Chair of Social Capital Inc.
- Alexa Marin, Economic Justice Fellow, Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights
- Norman Eng, Economic Development Specialist/Public Information Officer, Small Business Administration
- Karleen Porcena, Program Officer, Boston Local Initiatives Support Corporation*
- Cisnell Baez, Program Manager, Family Independence Initiative
- José Luis Rojas Villareal, Community Group Manager, Mass Growth Capital Corporation
- Denzil Mohammed, Director of Public Education, Immigrant Learning Center
- Janin Duran, Director of Entrepreneurship for All's Spanish Program
* Slides not available at this time
The Growth Lab at Harvard CID prepared this presentation to be shared with Namibia's High Panel for Economic Growth, established by President Hage Geingob.
In the decade 1999-2009, Jordan experienced an impressive growth acceleration, tripling its exports and increasing income per capita by 38%. Since then, a number of external shocks that include the Global Financial Crisis (2008-2009), the Arab Spring (2011), the Syrian Civil War (2011), and the emergence of the Islamic State (2014) have affected Jordan in significant ways and thrown its economy out of balance. Jordan’s debt-to-GDP ratio has ballooned from 55% (2009) to 94% (2018). The economy has continued to grow amidst massive fiscal adjustment and balance of payments constraints, but the large increase in population – by 50% between 2008 and 2017 – driven by massive waves of refugees has resulted in a 12% cumulative loss in income per capita (2010-2017). Moving forward, debt sustainability will require not only continued fiscal consolidation but also faster growth and international support to keep interest payments on the debt contained. We have developed an innovative framework to align Jordan’s growth strategy with its changing factor endowments. The framework incorporates service industries into an Economic Complexity analysis, utilizing the Dun and Bradstreet database, together with an evaluation of the evolution of Jordan’s comparative advantages over time. Combining several tools to identify critical constraints faced by sectors with the greatest potential, we have produced a roadmap with key elements of a strategy for Jordan to return to faster, more sustainable and more inclusive growth that is consistent with its emerging comparative advantages.
The literature on income gaps between Chiapas and the rest of Mexico revolves around individual factors, such as education and ethnicity. Yet, twenty years after the Zapatista rebellion, the schooling gap between Chiapas and the other Mexican entities has shrunk while the income gap has widened, and we find no evidence indicating that Chiapas indigenes are worse-off than their likes elsewhere in Mexico. We explore a different hypothesis. Based on census data, we calculate the economic complexity index, a measure of the knowledge agglomeration embedded in the economic activities at a municipal level in Mexico. Economic complexity explains a larger fraction of the income gap than any individual factor. Our results suggest that chiapanecos are not the problem, the problem is Chiapas. These results hold when we extend our analysis to Mexico’s thirty-one federal entities, suggesting that place-specific determinants that have been overlooked in both the literature and policy, have a key role in the determination of income gaps.
For three years Harvard CID has been working on a plan to rescue Venezuela and get the country on a path of sustainable, inclusive growth, and development. We have teamed with Venezuelan experts at home and abroad, worked with international institutions, and have started the process of building consensus around the plan among the opposition parties that control the Venezuelan National Assembly. The Venezuelan Caucus at the Kennedy School will be hosting a series of talks on Venezuela: The morning after, by different members of our team and on different topics. You can follow on their Facebook webpage. More coming soon, stay tuned!
El colapso económico de Venezuela no tiene precedentes en la historia económica posterior a la segunda guerra mundial. La caída paralela de la producción (49%) e importación per cápita (84%), conjuntamente con la hiper-inflación más alta registrada en doce meses consecutivos (200.005% en los doce meses previos a Agosto 2018), conforman un cuadro único de la catástrofe que le ha caído al país tras veinte años de socialismo.
Esta es una presentación compartida con el Frente Amplio de Venezuela en Julio de 2018, resultado del trabajo de un conjunto de investigadores del Centro para el Desarrollo de la Universidad de Harvard.
¿Cómo ha llegado Venezuela a la situación actual, y qué tan grave es el colapso que ha sufrido en función de otras catástrofes económicas registradas en el mundo?
On March 5th I had the privilege to host Lant Pritchett in my econometrics class at @Kennedy_School, sharing his work: "The RCT debate is over. We won. They lost." Nothing substitutes for listening to Lant, but here is a link to his compelling presentation".
¿Cuánto tiempo le tomará a Venezuela recuperarse la catástrofe económica sufrida? Tomando en cuenta la propia experiencia de Venezuela y la del resto del mundo, establecemos la probabilidad de recuperación para diferentes escenarios y plazos.
Bajo el patrocinio del Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo y en el marco del programa de Ciudades Emergentes y Sostenibles, un equipo de Centro para el Desarrollo de la Universidad de Harvard pasó la segunda parte del 2017 trabajando en Hermosillo, Sonora. Nuestra meta es analizar el desempeño económico reciente del lugar y su potencial económico, e identificar las restricciones más importantes al crecimiento.
Venezuela ha sufrido entre 2013-2017 el colapso más grande que haya registrado cualquier economía de América Latina en su historia, en época de paz o guerra. La caída de los precios y la producción petrolero, en combinación con el endeudamiento salvaje de la República en los tiempos de bonanza, ha dejado a la República exangüe y forzado una caída en las importaciones que ha llevado al país al borde de una crisis humanitaria. Aquí se simulan los impactos de algunos reformas económicas en el evento de una transición, desde el punto de vista de la balanza de pagos. En conclusión, aún haciendo supuestos muy optimistas, se hace imposible sacar al país adelante sin una combinación de ayuda internacional (asistencia extraordinaria del Fondo Monetario Internacional) Y una reestructuración de deuda muy agresiva.
Un recorrido por los 50 casos de desastres económicos que se han registrado desde 1960: ¿En cuánto tiempo se recuperaron? ¿Buscaron asistencia internacional? ¿Los petroleros salieron más rápido? Algunas notas sobre los retos adaptativos que nos plantea la recuperación de la economía venezolana.
Una recorrido por la economía venezolana durante la revolución bolivariana: La fase de expansión basada en el boom petrolero y el acelerado endeudamiento externo, y el colapso. Una hoja de ruta para salir adelante entres fases: Emergencia, estabilización, y reforma estructural.
Venezuela is undergoing one of the worst economic losses ever registered by any country in a three-year period, either by Latin American or world standards. Poverty rates have skyrocketed and stand today beyond 80%. We define two landmarks for recovery, and revise how much would Venezuela need to grow - oil and non-oil sectors - and how likely are those rates from the Venezuela and the world´s experience. We end up by outlining some of the adaptive challenges Venezuela would need to tackle to engine a sustainable recovery.
Un grupo de profesores e investigadores de Harvard, con el auspicio del Banco Inter-Americano de Desarrollo, ha pasado 8 meses analizando el extraordinario período de crecimiento acelerado de Panamá, sus principales motores, los principales desequilibrios que se han ido creando y las potenciales restricciones al crecimiento sostenido de Panamá.
Devaluations may have an impact on multinational stock prices depending on the size of the particular country and whether they are anticipated or not. In an efficient market, predictable devaluations on small countries should not impact stock prices of large multinational companies. We analyze cummulative abnormal returns (CAR) to five devaluations in Venezuela within the context of stiff exchange controls. Our event study covers a period of five years and uses daily stock prices for up to 122 multinationals with Venezuelan subsidiaries. We find evidence of significant negative impacts on stock prices on various devaluations, reaching up to -1.75% over the event window. We interpret these results as evidence of market myopia, as they are driven by retained earnings on financial statements being converted into dollars at highly overvalued official rates, in spite of subsidiaries not having access to dollars at these prices for years prior to the devaluations.
Venezuela is currently undergoing the worst economic crisis in its history. By the end of 2016, more than 30% of the gross domestic product (GDP) it had three years ago will be lost. Poverty has soared to record levels. Monthly inflation rates are gradually approaching hyperinflation. Shortages of basic food staples and medicines are rampant. A three-tier exchange rate system prevails, with black market rates surpassing the lowest official rate by a factor of one-hundred. After more than a decade of massive expropriations and state control, the small, surviving, private industrial apparatus is nearly paralyzed, trapped in a web of regulations, without access to foreign currency to purchase parts or raw materials, and their operations are technologically obsolete.
In order to promote a better understanding of the causes, magnitudes, and possible remedies of the crisis, the Center for International Development (CID) at Harvard University launched a research initiative on Venezuela at the end of 2015.
Chiapas is not only Mexico's poorest state, but also the one displaying the lowest rate of economic growth. As a consequence, the income gap between Chiapas and the rest of Mexico continues to widen. Usual suspects like education, infrastructure, or financial constraints, are not to blame for Chiapas' dismal performance. To the contrary, over the previous decade Chiapas has improved its relative position within Mexico in terms of average years of schooling, infrastructure - roads, ports, and airports; and access to credit. The state's poor economic record also contrasts with the macroeconomic and institutional stability that has prevailed in Mexico over this period. Harvard's Center for International Development (CID) teamed with the Mexican Ministry of Finance to launch a research initiative in the quest for the causes underlying Chiapas' backwardness.
More from Center for International Development, Harvard University (20)
Financial Assets: Debit vs Equity Securities.pptxWrito-Finance
financial assets represent claim for future benefit or cash. Financial assets are formed by establishing contracts between participants. These financial assets are used for collection of huge amounts of money for business purposes.
Two major Types: Debt Securities and Equity Securities.
Debt Securities are Also known as fixed-income securities or instruments. The type of assets is formed by establishing contracts between investor and issuer of the asset.
• The first type of Debit securities is BONDS. Bonds are issued by corporations and government (both local and national government).
• The second important type of Debit security is NOTES. Apart from similarities associated with notes and bonds, notes have shorter term maturity.
• The 3rd important type of Debit security is TRESURY BILLS. These securities have short-term ranging from three months, six months, and one year. Issuer of such securities are governments.
• Above discussed debit securities are mostly issued by governments and corporations. CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS CDs are issued by Banks and Financial Institutions. Risk factor associated with CDs gets reduced when issued by reputable institutions or Banks.
Following are the risk attached with debt securities: Credit risk, interest rate risk and currency risk
There are no fixed maturity dates in such securities, and asset’s value is determined by company’s performance. There are two major types of equity securities: common stock and preferred stock.
Common Stock: These are simple equity securities and bear no complexities which the preferred stock bears. Holders of such securities or instrument have the voting rights when it comes to select the company’s board of director or the business decisions to be made.
Preferred Stock: Preferred stocks are sometime referred to as hybrid securities, because it contains elements of both debit security and equity security. Preferred stock confers ownership rights to security holder that is why it is equity instrument
<a href="https://www.writofinance.com/equity-securities-features-types-risk/" >Equity securities </a> as a whole is used for capital funding for companies. Companies have multiple expenses to cover. Potential growth of company is required in competitive market. So, these securities are used for capital generation, and then uses it for company’s growth.
Concluding remarks
Both are employed in business. Businesses are often established through debit securities, then what is the need for equity securities. Companies have to cover multiple expenses and expansion of business. They can also use equity instruments for repayment of debits. So, there are multiple uses for securities. As an investor, you need tools for analysis. Investment decisions are made by carefully analyzing the market. For better analysis of the stock market, investors often employ financial analysis of companies.
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The European Unemployment Puzzle: implications from population agingGRAPE
We study the link between the evolving age structure of the working population and unemployment. We build a large new Keynesian OLG model with a realistic age structure, labor market frictions, sticky prices, and aggregate shocks. Once calibrated to the European economy, we quantify the extent to which demographic changes over the last three decades have contributed to the decline of the unemployment rate. Our findings yield important implications for the future evolution of unemployment given the anticipated further aging of the working population in Europe. We also quantify the implications for optimal monetary policy: lowering inflation volatility becomes less costly in terms of GDP and unemployment volatility, which hints that optimal monetary policy may be more hawkish in an aging society. Finally, our results also propose a partial reversal of the European-US unemployment puzzle due to the fact that the share of young workers is expected to remain robust in the US.
Currently pi network is not tradable on binance or any other exchange because we are still in the enclosed mainnet.
Right now the only way to sell pi coins is by trading with a verified merchant.
What is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone verified by pi network team and allowed to barter pi coins for goods and services.
Since pi network is not doing any pre-sale The only way exchanges like binance/huobi or crypto whales can get pi is by buying from miners. And a merchant stands in between the exchanges and the miners.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant. I and my friends has traded more than 6000pi coins successfully
Tele-gram
@Pi_vendor_247
How to get verified on Coinbase Account?_.docxBuy bitget
t's important to note that buying verified Coinbase accounts is not recommended and may violate Coinbase's terms of service. Instead of searching to "buy verified Coinbase accounts," follow the proper steps to verify your own account to ensure compliance and security.
Introduction to Indian Financial System ()Avanish Goel
The financial system of a country is an important tool for economic development of the country, as it helps in creation of wealth by linking savings with investments.
It facilitates the flow of funds form the households (savers) to business firms (investors) to aid in wealth creation and development of both the parties
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.DOT TECH
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor
@Pi_vendor_247
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
If you are looking for a pi coin investor. Then look no further because I have the right one he is a pi vendor (he buy and resell to whales in China). I met him on a crypto conference and ever since I and my friends have sold more than 10k pi coins to him And he bought all and still want more. I will drop his telegram handle below just send him a message.
@Pi_vendor_247
6. Ley de Sede de
Empresas
Multinacionales (Law 44)
attracted more than 120
regional headquarters
Special Economic Zones
Ciudad del Saber
Technology Park (2000)
Panamá-Pacífico
Industrial Park (2007)
7. Immigration regulations keep know-how locked into MNC and
SEZ and prevent the diffusion of know -how and technology
spillovers
• 27 occupations legally restricted to immigrants
• List of 50 countries considered national security concerns subject to (“Authorized visa”)
• 10% cap of foreigners in the payroll (out of the SEZ and MNC)
Restrictions to potential Immigrants
Restrictions to Knowledge diffusion
• Years spent on MNCs under Law 44 and SEZ do not count for residence purposes
• Visas revoked the moment the expat ceases to work in the MNC
• Expats dependents do not have work permit
• Firms moving on from innovation to commercialization risk being expelled from City of Knowledge
8. H igh w age - premiums t o f oreigners across all indust ries/
prof essions indicat e t hat t alent is one of t he most binding
const raint s t o grow th
Wage-premium to foreign workers
9. R est rict ions t o high - skilled immigrant s and know ledge dif f usion
are not helping t he Panamanian w orkers
Immigrants flows and Panamanian wages
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
18%
20%
Fuerza laboral panameños Panameños de baja
calificación
Panameños de alta
calificación
ChangeinwagesofPanamanianworkersassociated
toanincreaseof10ppinthestockofimmigrants
Total Panamanian
labor force
Low-skilled
Panamanian workers
High-skilled
Panamanian workers
10. Panama w ant s t o be like H ong - K ong and Singapore, but seems
unw illing t o support t he levels of immigrat ion of t hese
count ries
Stock of immigrants
(% of the labor force)
14. Saudi Arabia´s minimum wage is too high for its level of
complexity
Saudi firms must compete in
wages equivalent to those of
Belgium, the Netherlands and
France – economies with much
higher economic complexity
SAU
16. We find strong evidence that foreign workers are complement
to Saudi workers – not substitutes
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
ChangeinSaudiwages(%)
Effect of a 10 pp increase in the share of non-Saudi
workers on Saudi wages (within a firm)
-0.025
-0.02
-0.015
-0.01
-0.005
0
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
Changeinprobabilityoffirm-exit(%)
Effect of a 10 pp increase in the share of non-Saudi
workers on the prob. of a Saudi leaving the firm
Higher share of immigrants in the
firm is associated with significant
higher salaries for Saudis
No significant impact of
immigration on the likelihood of
Saudis losing their job
17. But there are many restrictions to foreign workers,
which are based on the wrong assumption of
substitutability
Foreign workers:
• Cannot own businesses
• There is no permanent residence and no path to citizenship
• Cannot own land
• Cannot move across businesses without permission of the owner
• Restrictions on bringing their family along
Following oil price decline:
• New taxes on foreign workers to raise government revenues
Restrictions to the accumulation of knowledge
18. As a result , average job tenures for foreign w orkers is just 23
months
13.8
22.5
13.5
20.8
0 5 10 15 20 25
Saudis
Immigrants
Women Men
Average job spells in Saudi Arabia labor market
(months)
20. • 24% of the people in
C hiapas belong to an
indigenous gr oup, and
oc c upy 50% of ter r itor y
• Indigenous c ommunities
ar e autonomous under
Law of U s os y
C os tumbr es i.e. land is
c ommunal
Tzotzil (20%)
Tzeltal (44%)
Ch´ol (10%)
Tojolobal (10%)
Mame, Mocho, Kakchiquel (8%)
Zoque (8%)
• Thes e tr ibes ar e quite
dis tinc t fr om eac h other :
differ ent or igins ,
differ ent dialec ts ,
differ ent gov er ning r ules
21. S trong ba r r ie rs to migra nts
• Communal property is
los t upon family
migr ation
• H efty fines impos ed on
the family of migr ants
22. In spite of being poor, the chiapanecos are less prone to
migrate
6.18
6.74
3.42
2.28
3.26
1.42
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
Total Urban Rural
Migration rates
(per 1,000 inhabitants)
Rest of Mexico Chiapas
23. Those w ho manage t o migrat e, earn as much as any ot her Mexican
migrant
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Resto de Mexico Chiapas
Total
100.0
67.2
15.1
51.6
115.1
118.8
* Monthly income, controlling for years of schooling, quality (ENLACE), experience, gender and indigenous.
Monthly
Income
Migrant
Premium
Total monthly
income
Rest of Mexico Chiapas
Monthly
Income
Migrant
Premium
Total monthly
income
24. The absence of public transportation operates as a tax on
salaries: Preventing indigenous communities to work urban
while living rural
300
233
200
120
120
110
75
70
60
50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Director
escuela
Maestro de
escuela
(bilingüe)
Trabajadores
Prospera
Electricista Albañil Ayudante
fábrica Pox
Otros
trabajos (en
San
Cristóbal)
Ayudante
albañil
Ayudas
varias
campos
maíz/frijol
Lavandería
Cruzton: Daily salaries and cost of transportation
(40 pesos round trip in shared cab)
Salario diario Salario día (neto de transporte)
13%
17%
20%
33%
33%
36%
53%
57%
67%
80%
Daily equivalent of
monthly salaries (30 days) Wage per day
Daily wage (urban) Daily wage (net of transportcosts)
25. Within indigenous communities, the “ us” doesn ´ t go beyond the
f amily
Social network of women in Cruztón, San Juan Chamula
26. The product space of Chiapas: Somehow a monkey has managed to survive
alone
27. The product space of Chiapas: Somehow a monkey has managed to survive
alone
29. The pattern of
expansion in Yazaki
is highly
informative:
Move the jobs to
where the people
are
1,550 direct jobs
30. Some thoughts to conclude
• Immigrants are like soccer referees
• The sense of us is a feeling and –as such– is unlikely to be influenced by policy
32. Some thoughts to conclude
• Immigrants are like soccer referees
• The sense of us is a feeling and –as such– is unlikely to be influenced by policy
• The way places define their sense of us has a significant impact on their growth
potential and their capacity to bounce back from crises
The key to growth is diversification into more complex goods.
And yet diversification implies doing things you currently don´t know how to do.
Countries need to add new capabilities: It is easier to “move brains” to new locations, than to move knowhow into brains, i.e. moving experienced workers into a new location is faster than building experienced workers. But is it easier to do so? We find this is highly contingent on the “Sense of Us” as it regards policy areas like immigration and business travel.
Panamá is exporting in 2015 US$2,800 per capita of services, very close to OECD levels (US$3,200)
Panamá is exporting in 2015 US$2,800 per capita of services, very close to OECD levels (US$3,200)
Knowledge to develop these services was not present in Panamá, and the education system did not provide (no one wants to study to work in industries that do not exist)
SEM LAW 2007 and modified in 2012
including all type of engineers, agriculture scientists, architects, chemists, and educators
Incluyendo Albania, Bangladesh, China (excepción vía Ley SEM), India, Indonesia, Líbano, Pakistán, Sri Lanka
Strong signal that talent and skilled labor is one of the most binding constraints
By industry: Controlling for years of schooling, years of experience, gender, ethnicity, and occupation
By occupation: Controlling for years of schooling, years of experience, gender, ethnicity, and industry
Immigrants and Panamanians are not substitutes, they are complements: Restricting immigration flows and knowledge diffusion will not help the Panamanians, to the contrary!
In particular, the most benefitted from immigration are the low-skilled workers
Immigrants and Panamanians are not substitutes, they are complements: Restricting immigration flows and knowledge diffusion will not help the Panamanians, to the contrary!
Has it been able to leverage this knowledge and diversify?
Our first results of this work led by Juan Obach find no evidence that Saudis are substitutes for expats; in fact, we find some evidence that Saudis are complements for expats. This would imply that the more Saudi officials aim to reduce the number of foreign workers, the fewer the Saudis that will also be employed as well.
As Saudi Arabia is forced to adjust to lower oil incomes, foreign workers are increasingly seen as scapegoats, taking jobs that Saudis could hold. And government, in representing “Us” has placed new levies (or taxes) on foreign workers to raise government revenues, with the potential to significantly harm firm profitability for both Saudis and foreign workers. These policies are based on the wrong assumption that Saudi workers act as substitutes for foreign workers.
Knowhow is not being accumulated due to short job tenure, not being sustained in Saudi Arabia as expats leave, and not being diffused as foreign workers cannot move between firms or into new firms.
Estamos Unidos: 4.2 años; 50.4 meses: more than twice more!
Why is Chiapas poor? A large part of the explanation of Chiapas poverty lies not on their indigenous origins, but rather on the strong disconnect
1.15 million out of 4.8 million
1.15 million out of 4.8 million
Large distrust prevails beyond the family, associations or cooperatives to pool assets and increase returns are very unlikely
In low complexity environments it is less profitable to invest in education, because the ecosystem lacks the complexity necessary to demand and remunerate skills…
Modern production requires putting many inputs together in space and time... Developing structure that lower the cost of firms connecting to skills and inputs is a WIN-WIN strategy
The exception that confirms the rule: Yazaki
Yazaki is the result of a great effort of the government of Ernesto Zedillo to solve the coordination problems and provide the inputs that allowed modern production to arrive in Chiapas…
The government provided subsidies to salaries over the training period of workers, and some financing for the acquisition of the land
22 years later, Yazaki has gone from one plant of 600 workers, to five plants with more than 3,000 employees In Chiapas… Their expansion pattern is indicative of other binding constraints to the arrival of modern production in Chiapas.
Yazaki employs plenty of Indigenous labor force, they only need high-school diploma and six days of training to join the production line
The exception that confirms the rule: Yazaki
Bring the letters closer to unemployment
Puts up a transport system to bring workers to jobs
Introduce them within a work hierarchy and modern production line and they have adapted well
Immigrants are key to the process of diversification and development, they transport know-how required for countries to move into new economic activities: They are always part of the success growth stories, but are far too easily identified as the evil when things go wrong.
There is an asimmetry in the way countries perceive immigration, as there is no gratitude when things go well and they easily become the scapegoat – There must be something about our wiring that makes finding someone to blame for our maladies a highly available (in the brain) notion
2) If there is a country that can tell a success story on leveraging foreigners capabilities for their own good is Panama, and yet it is hard to convince anyone in politics or the common citizen in the streets of that: The collective illusion of us does not result from a process of reflection, to the contrary: It´s a sort of automatic response that is later rationalized (the righteous mind: The elephant and the rider) –
- Media and the opinion of leaders and elites surely plays a role in the formation of the sense of us, but falls short to explaining the phenomena.
It really was tough last night to change those “we” up there instead of “they”
3) As we heard yesterday from our highly qualified panel of experts, we are not sure about how this sense of us is formed. There are many theories, and some of them deal with aspects like genes, culture, that are hard to change. But that should not prevent us from trying to understand this phenomena. Given its quintessential impact on the possibilities of countries to develop and grow our of poverty, we think this quest is worth pursuing.