This document provides an overview of various art movements and styles from Cubism to contemporary digital and technology-based arts. It describes key characteristics and influential artists for each movement, including Cubism pioneers Picasso and Braque, Dadaist Marcel Duchamp, Surrealists Salvador Dali and Giorgio De Chirico, Abstract Expressionists Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning, Pop artists Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein, Op artist Victor Vasarely, and technology-based art forms like digital photography, video games, and computer-generated imagery. It also discusses the influence of these movements on Philippine artists like Vicente Manansala, Cesar Legaspi, and Jose

1. Handouts Grade 10 MAPEH (ARTS)
Cubism - Highly influential visual arts style of the 20th century that was created principally by the artists Pablo Picasso and Georges
Braque in Paris between 1907 and 1914. The Cubists style emphasized the flat, two-dimensional surface of the picture plane,
rejecting the traditional techniques of perspective, foreshortening, modeling, and chiaroscuro, and refuting time-honoured theories
that art should imitate nature.
Types of Cubism
 Analytical cubism
 Synthetic cubism
Cubism Painter
Pablo Picasso
 his work was usually characterized by a single dominant approach, he often moved interchangeably between different styles
sometimes even in the same artwork.
Art Work
Guernica (1937) The painting shows a series of terrifying scenes showing the brutality of war and its destructiveness.
Weeping Woman (1937) The universal image of suffering.
Influence of Cubism on Philippine Art
Vicente Manansala - achieved a balance of skill and artistry.
Art Work
Madona of the Slum
Cesar Legaspi- geometric fragmentation technique, weaving social comment and juxtaposing the mythical and modern into his
overlapping, interacting forms with disturbing power and intensity.
Art work
Combancheros
Cenon Rivera - produced, the man himself had remained a mystery to many.
Art Work
Si Malakas at si Maganda
Dadaism - nihilistic and ant aesthetic movement in the arts that flourished primarily in Zürich, Switzerland; New York
City; Berlin, Cologne, and Hannover, Germany; and Paris in the early 20th century. Dada, the French word for hobbyhorse was the
name of a movement that originated in Zürich, Switzerland, in 1916.
Artist of Dadaism
Marcel Ducham - rejected purely visual or what he dubbed "retinal pleasure," deeming it to be facile, in favor of more intellectual,
concept-driven approaches to art-making and, for that matter, viewing.
Art work
Fountain (1917) – like a porcelain urinal.
Surrealism - Surrealism is a means of reuniting conscious and unconscious realms of experience so completely that the world
of dream and fantasy would be joined to the everyday rational world in “an absolute reality, a surreality.” Drawing heavily on theories
adapted from Sigmund Freud, Breton saw the unconscious as the wellspring of the imagination.
Artist in Surrealism
Salvador Dalí - Drawing on blatantly autobiographical material and childhood memories, Dalí's work is rife with often ready -
interpreted symbolism, ranging from fetishes and animal imagery to religious symbols.
Art works
The Persistence of Memory (1931)
Soft Construction with Boiled Beans
Giorgio De Chirico - backdrops for pregnant symbols or even, at times, for collections of objects that resemble still lifes. De
Chirico's innovative approach to these pictures - an approach rather like that of a theatrical set designer - has encouraged critics to
describe them as "dream writings."
Art works
The Nostalgia of the Infinite
Gare Montparnasse.
Abstract Expressionism - "Abstract Expressionism" was never an ideal label for the movement, which developed in New York in
the 1940s and 1950s. It was somehow meant to encompass not only the work of painters who filled their canvases with fields of
color and abstract forms, but also those who attacked their canvases with a vigorous gestural expressionism.
Jackson Pollock- a painter who flung paint at canvases with a stick, who poured and hurled it to create roiling vortexes of color and
line, possibly be considered At times they could suggest the life-force in nature itself, at others they could evoke man's entrapment -
in the body, in the anxious mind, and in the newly frightening modern world.
Art works
 The Deep (1953)
 Blue Poles (1952)
Willem de Kooning- a master at ambiguously blending figure and ground in his pictures while dismembering, re-assembling and
distorting his figures in the process.
Art works
Woman I (1950-52)
Excavation (1950)
Franz Kline - Franz Kline is most famous for his black and white abstractions,
Art works
Chief (1950).
Black Reflection (1956)

2. Abstract expressionism artists in the Philippines.
Jose Joya- a painter and multimedia artist who distinguished himself by creating an authentic Filipino abstract idiom that
transcended foreign influences.
Art Works
Granadean Arabesque
LEE AGUINALDO (Filipino, Sept. 5,1933 – January, 2007) - His art developed in an eclectic sequence, defying any linear
progression.
Art work
 Homage to pollock 1953
POP Art- The subject matter became far from traditional "high art" themes of morality, mythology, and classic history; rather, Pop
artists celebrated commonplace objects and people of everyday life, in this way, seeking to elevate popular culture to the level of
fine art. Perhaps owing to the incorporation of commercial images.
Andy Warhol – Warhol's early commercial illustration has recently been acclaimed as the arena in which he first learned to
manipulate popular tastes. His drawings were often comic, decorative, and whimsical, and their tone is entirely different from the
cold and impersonal mood of his Pop art.
Art works
Coca-Cola (3) (1962)
General Electric with Waiter (1984)
Roy Lichtenstein – his works the styles, subject matter, and techniques of reproduction common in popular culture appeared to
dominate the art entirely.
Art works
 Popeye (1961
 Drowning Girl (1963).
OP art - the geometric art from which it had sprung, Op art seemed to supply a style that was highly appropriate to modern society.
Although Op can be seen as the successor to geometric abstraction, its stress on illusion and perception suggests that it might also
have older ancestors.
Victor Vasarely, Hungarian Győző Vásárhelyi- Hungarian-born French painter of geometric abstractions who became one of the
leading figures of the Op art movement.
Art Work
Zebra, 1937 - Victor Vasarely
M.C. Escher, in full Maurits Cornelis Escher - Born June 17, 1898, Leeuwarden, Netherlands—died March 27, 1972, Laren),
Dutch graphic artist known for his detailed realistic prints that achieve bizarre optical and conceptual effects. “Father of Modern
Tessellations
Art Work
 Relativity 1953
Technology – Based Arts
 TBA is essentially computer-generated or manipulated. Today’s computer artists employ the ever-expanding powers of
image manipulation programs and applications to create their works which can appear in an entire range of media –
whether as a physical output or a virtual experience.
TBA includes …
1.Computer/Digital Arts
2.Mobile Phone Art
3.Computer – Generated Images
4.Digital Photography
5.Video Games/Digital Painting/Imaging Videos
 Computer/Digital Arts - Computer/Digital Arts make use of electronic and mechanical devices, rather than the artist’s own hand.
 Mobile Phone Art - A mobile phone art is a type of art that is more modern than other arts technique.
Things We Can Do - Re size, Crop, Skew/Warp, Rotate, Flip, adjust brightness, adjust sharpness, change colors, gray scale
sepia, apply a texture, superimpose text, apply frames
 Computer generated imagery - CGI (computer-generated imagery) is the creation of still or animated visual content with imaging
software. CGI is used to produce images for many purposes including visual art, advertising, anatomical modeling, architectural
design, engineering, television shows, video game art and film special effects, as well as augmented reality (AR) and virtual
reality (VR) applications.
 Digital Photography -is a form of photography that uses cameras containing arrays of electronic photodetectors to capture
images focused by a lens, as opposed to an exposure on photographic film. The captured images are digitized and stored as
a computer file ready for further digital processing, viewing, digital publishing or printing.
 Photography - Is the science,art and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation,
either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as
photographic film. Comes from the Greek word “phōtos” which means light and “graphé” which means “drawing”. Together they
mean drawing with light
A CAMERA is a device that records images, either a still photograph or as moving images known as videos or movies.
A device for taking photographs by letting light from an image fall briefly onto sensitized film, usually by means of a lens -and-shutter
mechanism. The term camera comes from the words camera obscura
(Latin for "dark chamber")
Elements of a Good Photograph
 Composition - Composing a good photograph can be accomplished by clearing your mind and viewing the image as a whole.
Focus on the entire scene as opposed to the main subject

3.  Rule of Thirds - It is one of the first things taught in any photography program.
 To employ the rule of thirds in your photography, mentally divide up your frame into three
distinct vertical sections and three distinct horizontal sections. Then when composing your
photograph, keep the action and important figures confined to where those sections
overlap
 Balancing Elements: To create a more interesting photo, placing your main object off centre
usually works but can make the photo feel a bit isolated. So to solve this add a less
important object in the background so the empty space is filled.
 Leading Lines: To enhance your photos composition adding lines can pull the audience attention towards the main subject.
There are many different types of line including radical, curvy, zigzag, diagonal and of course straight lines.
 Symmetry and Patterns: Eye catching compositions can be successfully made by using focal points and breaking the patterns in
photos sometimes.
 VIEWPOINTS: Viewpoints can massively affect the composition of the photo taken to shoot from different angles from high to low
from side to side to get interesting shots.
 Backgrounds: A poor background can impact on the centre focus of the photo which makes it lack impact but having a plain but
simple background will be effective and the background wo’nt distract or detract from the subject.
 Depth: The human eye automatically detects different layers in depths and naturally separates these layers out creating more
depth.
 Framing: By framing your selected photo the result is a more focused image which the main point of interest is drawn into by your
eye.
 Cropping: By cropping your image, any excess background wanted to be not shown may be taken out to make the image more
aesthetically pleasing to the viewer grabbing their attention more.
 Experimentation: As technology our days is very advanced with our cameras , we don't have to worry about running out of shots
, you can fire as many shots needed then delete the unwanted shots so you have got a variety of s imilar shots you can choose
from.
Camera Shots, Angle,
 CLOSE-UP- A picture which shows a fairly small part of the scene, such as a character's face, in great detail so that it fills the
screen. A framing in which the scale of the object shown is relatively large. In a close-up, a person's head, or some other similarly
sized object, will fill the frame.
 EXTREME CLOSE-UP- A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very large; most commonly, a small object or a part of
the body usually shot with a zoom lens. Again, faces are the most recurrent images in extreme close-ups.
 MEDIUM CLOSE-UP- The medium close up is half way between a mid shot and a close up. A medium close up is framing the
shoulder, chest to head. It would fill most of the screen. Conventions: Medium shots are frequently used for the tight
presentation of two or three actors.
 This shot is very commonly used in indoor sequences allowing for a visual signification of relationships between characters
 LONG SHOT and WIDE SHOT - A framing in which the scale of the object shown is small; a standing human figure would
appear nearly the height of the screen. It makes for a relatively stable shot that can accommodate movement without reframing
allows the audience to see a large number of components of the arena
 MEDIUM LONG SHOT - Framing such an object four or five feet high would fill most of the screen vertically. Also called plain
américain, given its recurrence in the Western genre, where it was important to keep a cowboy's weapon in the image. Gives clear
sense of character in a given location and emphasizes body language.
 EXTREME LONG SHOT - A framing in which the scale of the object shown is very small; a building, landscape, or crowd of
people will fill the screen. Surroundings now have as much if not more important, especially if the shot is in high-angle. This
means that the closer up the shot, the more the spectator's eye is directed by the camera to the specified reading, extreme long
shots give an overall view and do not necessarily direct the viewers eye to what the characters are doing.
 MEDIUM shot - Its from the waist and usually used in conversations and is a common shot. In film, a medium shot is a camera
shot from a medium distance. The dividing line between "long shot, and "medium shot" is fuzzy, as is the line between "medium
shot" and "close-up"
 Aerial shot A camera shot that is filmed from an airplane or a helicopter. Not necessarily a moving shot.
 Point of View shot –(POV) Point of view shows what the character sees. These are often freehand and are used in horror films.
The editor may change the audience’s point of view to create certain effects.
 Over the shoulder shot - Shot filmed from behind character's shoulder: a cinematographic shot taken from over the shoulder of a
character whose back can be seen at the side of the frame. This type of shot is very common when two characters are having a
discussion and will usually follow an establishing shot, which helps the audience place the characters in their setting.
 TWO-SHOT - There are a few variations on this one, but the basic idea is to have a comfortable shot of two people. Often used in
interviews, or when two presenters are hosting a show. A "One-Shot" could be a mid-shot of either of these subjects. A "Three-
Shot", unsurprisingly, contains three people. Two shots are good for establishing relationships between characters two-shot could
also involve movement or action. It is a good way to follow the interaction between two people without getting distracted by their
surroundings.
Angles
• High Angle - A high angle is a power position. Not so extreme as a bird's eye view. The camera is elevated above the action
using a crane to give a general overview. These shots allow you to see more of the picture the mise en scene. A high angle
shot, can make a character seem more superior and the subject more subject more vulnerable
• Low Angle - Low angles help give a sense of confusion to a viewer, of powerlessness within the action of a scene. The
background of a low angle shot will tend to be just sky or ceiling, the lack of detail about the setting adding to the disorientation of
the viewer. The added height of the object may make it inspire fear and insecurity in the viewer, who is psychologically dominated
by the figure on the screen.
• Centred Angle - Sometimes the camera is tilted (i.e. is not placed horizontal to floor level), this shot suggest imbalance,
transition and instability (very popular in horror movies). This technique is used to suggest POINT-OF-View shots (i.e. when the
camera becomes the 'eyes' of one particular character, seeing what they see — a hand held camera is often used for this.