Piles, also known as hemorrhoids, are swollen blood vessels in or around the anus and lower rectum. They can be internal or external, and come in varying degrees of severity. Symptoms include pain, itching, bleeding, and feelings of heaviness or incomplete evacuation. Complications may include bleeding, pain, necrosis, and infection. Common causes are constipation, obesity, prolonged diarrhea, heavy lifting, pregnancy, and family history. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms through lifestyle changes, creams, suppositories, and in severe cases surgery.

1. Piles are enlarged and swollen blood vessels in
or around the lower rectum and anus. Solid
waste material (faeces or stools) is stored in the
rectum before being passed out of the body
through the anus.

4. Piles may be internal or external according
to whether they are internal or external to
anal orifice.
INTERNAL HAEMORRHOIDS:
-develops above the dentate line.
-covered by anal mucosa.
-lacks sensory innervation (painless)
-bright red or purple in color.

5. EXTERNAL HAEMORRHOIDS:
Arise below the dentate line.
Innervated by the inferior rectal nerve

6. There are different varieties of piles which people can suffer
from. These range from internal piles, external piles or a
combination in between.
 First Degree Piles
 First degree piles only occur within anal canal. They
are swellings within the lining and they cannot be seen
from the outside of bottom. First degree piles can
bleed, which is an initial sign that may be suffering
from them.

7. Second Degree Piles
 A slightly nasty version of piles are second degree
piles. These are similar to first degree piles in the
sense that they occur within anal canal, however, if
one go to the toilet they can come out, or
prolapse. Once have finished bowel movement they
will return in after.

8. Third Degree Piles
 These are a step further than second degree
piles. With third degree piles, the haemorrhoids are
always outside of bottom. With third degree piles it is
possible to push them back inside.

9. Fourth Degree Piles
 This is one of the most painful forms of piles. Fourth
degree piles hag outside of bottom and cannot be
pushed back in. It is common for fourth degree piles
to become large and swollen, along with it being
common that blood clots within them. Once blood
starts to clot in the piles they can be extremely painful.

10. symptoms
 Burning and pain in anus  Excessive straining when
 Itching in anus passing a stool
 Discharge of blood due to Bleeding after passed a stool.
pressure during evacuation  Discharge of mucus present
 Loss of appetite after passing a stool
 Yellowish face due to extensive Pain while passing a stool
bleeding  Feeling like bowels are still full
 Feeling of heaviness at the and need emptying
opening of anus
 Discomfort around anus, such
as feeling sore or it being
visibly red

11. Complications
 Bleeding
 Pain
 Necrosis
 Mucus discharge moisture
 Perianal sepsis.

12. Cause
 Constipation
 Being overweight
 Prolonged diarrhea
 Regularly lifting heavy objects
 Pregnancy, where experience increased abdominal
pressure on pelvic blood vessel, causing blood vessels
to enlarge
 Having a family history of haemorrhoids.

13. Treatment
 Laxatives for constipation
 Painkillers
 Creams and ointments (Corticosteroids) and
suppositories.
 Cold compresses - a cloth or flannel soaked in cold
water
 Warm baths
 Drink lots of water
 Increase the amount of fiber in your diet

14. Prescription

15. Prescription

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