Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins in your anus and lower rectum.

2. Haemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed
veins in your anus and lower rectum. They may result from
straining during bowel movements or from the increased
pressure on these veins during pregnancy, among other
causes. There are two types of haemorrhoids, internal and
external. Internal haemorrhoids develop within the anus
external haemorrhoids develop outside of the anus.
Of the two forms of haemorrhoids, external haemorrhoids
are the most common and troublesome.
Doctors are unsure as to what leads to haemorrhoids.
Various factors that could play a part include:
 Straining during a bowel movement

3.  Complications from chronic constipation
 Sitting on the toilet for a long time
 Pregnancy
 Family history of having haemorrhoids
 Anal intercourse
 Low-fibre diet
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4.  Painless bleeding during bowel movements
 Itching or irritation in your anal region
 Pain or discomfortSwelling around your anus
 A lump near your anus, which may be sensitive or painful
 Leakage of faeces
Symptoms of haemorrhoid usually depend on the location.
Since internal haemorrhoids lie inside the rectum, you may
not see or feel them because they don't cause discomfort.
External haemorrhoids are under the skin around your
anus. When irritated, external haemorrhoids can itch or
bleed.

5. If your doctor suspects you of haemorrhoids, he may
perform certain tests and procedures such as:
 Examination of your anal canal and rectum for
abnormalities where the doctor inserts a gloved,
lubricated finger into your rectum to feel for anything
unusual, such as growths.
 Visual inspection of your anal canal and rectum where
the doctor examines the lower portion of your colon
and rectum with an anoscope, proctoscope or
sigmoidoscope. This enables the doctor to look into
your anus and rectum.

6. Most of the time treatment for haemorrhoids involves
lifestyle modifications. But sometimes medications or
surgical procedures are necessary.
Medications: If your haemorrhoids produce only mild
discomfort, your doctor may suggest over-the-counter
creams, ointments or pads. These products contain
ingredients that can relieve pain and itching.
Minimally invasive procedures: If a blood clot has formed
within an external haemorrhoid, your doctor can remove
the clot with a simple incision. For painful haemorrhoids,
your doctor may suggest minimally invasive procedures
such as rubber band ligation, sclerotherapy and
coagulation.

7. Surgical methods: If other procedures don’t produce positive
results, your doctor may recommend a surgical procedure.
There are two surgical procedures, (i) Haemorrhoid removal
and (ii) Haemorrhoid stapling.
Eat high-fibre foods, increase your water intake, avoid
straining during a bowel movement and you might be able to
prevent haemorrhoids.
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