Gastro intestinal disorders

1. PRESENTED BY
MR.ROMAN BAJRANG
RELIANCE INSTITUTE OF NURSING

2. ⦿ Introduction :-
Hemorrids also called piles are vascular
structure in the anal canal in their normal state
they are cushion that help with the stool
control they become a disease when swollen
or inflamed the hemorrhoids commonly known
as piles are due to swollen blood vessels in or
around the anus rectum the hemorrhoidal
veines are located in the lower part of the
rectum and the anus some times these veins
swell so that by passing of stool or bowel
movement.

3. ⦿ ACCORDING TO THE RA
VINDER KAUR:-
Hemorrhoids (piles) are painful swollen in large bulging
blood vessels in the lower portion of the rectum ore anus
swelling in the anal or rectal veins causes hemorrhoids.
⦿ ACCORDING TO LUCKMANN:-
Swollen and inflamed veins in the rectum and anus that
cause discomfort and bleeding.
⦿ ACCORDING TO LIPPIN COTT:-
Hemorrhoids also called piles are swollen and inflamed
veins around your anus in the lower rectum.

4. - Very rare.
•Babies (0-2) years
•Toddlers (3-5) years
•Children (6-13) years
•Adults (40-60) years
•Seniors (60+ years)
- very rare.
- rare.
– very common.
– very common.

5. ⦿ LARGE INTESTINE ANATOMY:-
the large intestine is about 1.5 meters long beginning at
the caecum in the right iliac fossa and terminating at the
rectum and anal canal deep in the pelvic its lumen is about
6.5 CM in diameter large than the small intestine.
Physiology of the large intestine:-
 Ingestion
 Propulsion
 Digestion
 Absorption
 Elimination

7.  External hemorrhoids
 Internal hemorrhoids

8. 1. External hemorrhoids :-
external hemorrhoids are located
under the skin around the anus.
2.Internal hemorrhoids:-
Internal hemorrhoids develop
within the anus beneath the lining
developed painless bleeding.

9. Etiology of hemorrhoids:-
oAging
o Anal sex
o Diarrhea
o Pregnancy and child birth
o heredity
o Sitting on the toilet for longtime.
o Lifting heavy object regularly.

11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGYOFHEMORRHOIDS:-

12. Sign and symptoms of hemorrhoids may include.
Painless bleeding during bowelmovement.
Bright red blood on stool.
Itching or irritation in anal region.
Pain discomfort during bowel movement.
Swelling around anus.

13. History and physical examination.
Complete blood count.
Digital rectal exam.

14. digital examination of the
anal Canal can identify in
included are cleared area
also assess for any masses
tenderness or blood and
rectal tone because internal
hemorrhoids are soft
vascular structure they are
usually not palpable unless
thrombosed.

15. Complete blood count gives important information
about the kings and number of cells in the blood
especially red blood cell white blood cell and
platelets a CBC a help your doctor check any
symptoms weakness fatigue.

16. During the examination the
doctor genetically put a
lubricated gloved figure on
the hand into the rectum
growth such us hemorrhoids
polyps tumor and abscess
may be found in the lower
rectum skin around the
anus.

17. The doctor places one ore two special
rubber band around the base of the
hemorrhoids the band cutes of
circulation couseing the hemorrhoids.

18. Sclerotherapy is an injection
Of chemical
administered directly
solution
within
the hemorrhoids tissue with
repeated
sclerotherapy
treatment is
worker to
shrink hemorrhoid eventually
fall off during a normal bowel
movement.

19. Lasertherapy can be used scar and Harden internal hemorrhoids.

20. •Apply an over the counter hemorrhoids cream or
suppository containing hydrocortisone or use pads
containing which hazzel or a numbing agent.
•Bath are shower daily to clean the skin aroundanus.
•Avoid height refined food.
•Avoid long period of standing or sitting.
•Encourage the patient to eat high fiber foods eat more
fruit vegetable grains and fiber to diet slowly to avoid
problem with gas.

21. Anemia - following severe or continued
bleeding.
Thrombosis – in strangulated piles venous
rectum in occluding thrombosis occurs the
thrombosis is accompanied by considerable
pain.
Fibrosis:- after 2 to 3 weeks thrombosed
hemorrhoids become fibrosed often with
spontaneous cure.

22. •Eat high fibre food eat more fruite vegetables
and whole grains.
•Drink plenty of fluids.
•Considers fibre supplements.
•Avoid long period of sitting.
•Exercise.

23. Personal hygine:-
Advice to take daily bath
Clean cloths
Diet:-
Advice to take green vegetable
Advice to healthy diet
Rest and sleep :-
Advice to take proper rest and sleep at list 8hours.
Meditation:-
Do not take any medicine empthy heart
Must check expiry date be your takingmedicine.
Exercise:-
Advice to take active and passiveexecise.