1. Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata, commonly known as the 28-spotted potato ladybird or Hadda beetle, is a species of beetle that feeds on potato and other solanaceous crops. 2. As adults, they are nearly round, reddish-brown beetles about 7mm long with 13 black spots on each wing cover and 1 or more on the thorax. Females lay up to 400 eggs in batches on undersides of leaves. 3. The beetles and larvae eat the soft plant tissues between veins, completing development in 4-6 weeks under optimal conditions before overwintering as adults under fallen leaves or plant residues. Heavy

1. EHTISHAM ALI HUSSAIN
BAGF15E258
University College Of Agriculture,
University of Sargodha

2. CLASSIFICATION
 Kingdom:Animalia
 Phylum:Arthropoda
 Class:Insecta
 Order:Coleoptera
 Family:Coccinellidae
 Genus:Epilachna
 Species:E. vigintioctopunctata

3.  Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata is a
species of beetle in the family Coccinellidae.
It is commonly known as the 28-spotted
potato ladybird or the Hadda beetle.It feeds
on the foliage of potatoes and other
solanaceous crops. It originated in the far
east of Russia. It was previously called
Epilachna vigintioctopunctata and is a
cryptic species complex

4. ADULT
 The body of the 28-spotted potato ladybird is
nearly round, convex, glossy and up to seven
millimetres long. It is reddish-brown with thirteen
black spots on each elytron and one or more on
each side of the thorax. The eggs are yellow,
about 1.5 millimetres long and are placed on the
undersides of leaves in batches of ten to sixty five
eggs. The oval larvae and pupae are yellow-
green decorated with black branched thorny
appendices. The beetles and larvae live openly
on the leaves, eating the soft tissues between the
veins. The female ladybird may produce 300 to
400 eggs

5.  The development stages are completed
in four to six weeks under optimal
conditions. The larvae pupate on the
leaves and young beetles of the new
generation feed intensively for one to
two weeks to build up their fatty tissue.
Only adults are capable of over-
wintering. They usually hibernate under
fallen leaves at the edges of woods, in
bushes or under plant residues in fields

6. DAMAGE
 This species causes damage to agricultural crops in
the three families Solanaceae (potato, tomato,
aubergine and pepper), Cucurbitaceae (cucumber,
melon, water-melon and pumpkin)
andFabaceae (soya and haricot beans). However
the optimal host plant for the reproduction of over-
wintered beetles and the development of their larvae
is the potato. The loss in yield of potato tubers may
reach 25% in heavy infestations. Control is by the
use of resistant varieties of plants, crop rotation, the
growing of solanaceous crops in open windy
locations, the destruction of all plant residues and
the use of pesticides when necessary