Within the past few years, there has been an increasing trend of political and environmental activists using the Internet as a platform for protests. These "hacktivists" deliberately interfere with online data and services for ideological reasons. Unlike hackers who are usually associated with criminal activity, hacktivism operates within legal boundaries by exploiting freedom of speech. Hacktivists use the same digital tools as hackers but to bring attention to political or ideological causes, such as modifying websites or launching denial of service attacks.

1. No se permite el uso de diccionario ni de ningún otro material II. LEXICON / PHONETICS [2 points]
didáctico.
Las preguntas deberán ser respondidas en inglés A. LEXICON (1 point; 0.25 for each correct answer). Find words or
Duración de la prueba: 1 h y 30 minutos
Esta hoja no se corrige
phrases in the text that mean the same as these given:
1. tendency
2. expand, continue
HACKTIVISM 3. instruments, gadgets
4. the act of bringing out or starting something
Within the past couple of years there has been an increasingly evident
trend of political and environmental activists turning to the Internet as a B. PHONETICS (1 point; 0.25 for each correct answer).
platform for making protests. Although incidents of hacktivism stretch 1. Write a word from the text that includes the sound /:/
back over the last fifteen years or more, in the last couple of years they 2. Is the –ed ending in “dubbed” voiced /d/, voiceless /t/ or is it
have become more frequent and had increasingly damaging effects. pronounced /d/?
These people, who for ideological reasons deliberately interfere with 3. Write a word from the text that includes the sound /:/
online data and services, have been dubbed hacktivists. 4. Write a word from the text that includes the sound /ə/
Unlike the work of the hacker, who is usually associated with criminal
activity, especially the illicit transfer of money or sensitive information, III. USE OF ENGLISH [3 points; 0.5 for each correct answer]
hacktivism operates just within the boundaries of legality, exploiting the Rewrite the following sentences starting with the words given
concept of freedom of speech. The hacktivist uses the same digital tools and keeping the original meaning:
as the hacker, but does so in order to bring attention to a political or
1. I last visited Cairo when I was 25. I have…
ideological cause.
2. I’m sure it rained heavily last night. It must …
Among the techniques used by hacktivists are the unsolicited 3. Your laptop is even worse than my PC. My PC isn’t …
modification of a website's home page to display a highly visible
message, or the launch of what is called a denial of service attack. Often 4. I don’t feel like staying here. I’d rather …
called a DoS for short, a denial of service attack is the temporary loss of 5. Did I lock the car? I don’t think so I think I forgot …
network connectivity and services such as e-mail, which in some cases
can cause a website accessed by millions to temporarily shut down. Write the correct question for the underlined words:
6. It’s grown two inches since the last time you saw it.
I. READING COMPREHENSION. [2 points; 0.5 for each correct
answer]. Add TRUE or FALSE and copy evidence from the IV. COMPOSITION [3 points]. Write a composition of about
text to support your answer. NO MARKS are given for only 120 words on ONE of the following topics. SPECIFY YOUR
TRUE or FALSE. OPTION:
1. Hacktivism didn’t use to be so dangerous as it is nowadays. Write a letter to your friend, who lives alone and hates pets,
2. Hacktivism is against the law. asking him/her to take care of your dog while you are away
3. Hactivists and hackers have similar targets. for a few days. Be convincing.
4. Hacktivists can alter the looks of an internet webpage.
Write a funny anecdote about an embarrassing moment.