Carol Dweck is an American psychologist known for her work on mindset and its impact on motivation. She argues that people can have either a fixed mindset, believing their abilities are innate talents, or a growth mindset, believing their abilities can be developed through effort. Dweck coined the phrase "the power of yet" to describe how a growth mindset gives people hope that they can improve, unlike unwarranted praise. While growth mindset has been applied to tutoring to motivate students through emphasizing learning over innate ability, some criticize that its benefits are difficult to quantify and that context matters in its application.