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GROUP FOUR PRESENTATION _LIVER FUNCTIONS ,ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY.pptx
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- 2. STRUCTURE OF THELIVER
- 3. LIVER • Liver isa reddish brown , wedge shaped organ. • Largest internal organ and gland of the body. • Develops from the endoderm of the foregut during embryogenesis. • The liver has a property to self regenerate . • The liver is protected by the ribs.
- 4. FUNCTIONS OF THELIVER • Metabolism. • Detoxification of drugs via cytochromes. • Bile production. • Storage of nutrients. • Protein synthesis. • Hormone production. • Plasma protein synthesis
- 5. • Coagulation ,production of clotting factors • Protective functions , eg Kupffer cells. • Decomposition of red blood cells. • Maintaining core body temperature. • PH balance and correction of lactic acidosis • Urea formation.
- 6. ANATOMY OF THELIVER LOCATION AND EXTERNAL FEATURES • Right hypochondriac extending into the epigastrium and left hypochondriac regions. • Divided into 2 major surfaces. • Diaphragmatic surface , convex and in contact with diaphragm. • Visceral surface , concave , facing the abdominal organs.
- 7. LOBES OF THELIVER
- 8. LOBES OF THELIVER • Right lobe_ largest ,contains gallbladder fossa. • Left lobe_ smaller than right lobe. • Caudate lobe_ located posteriorly near the inferior vena cava. • Quadrate lobe_ situated near the gallbladder and porta hepatis.
- 9. LIGAMENTS OF THELIVER
- 10. LIGAMENTS OF THELIVER • Falciform ligament _divides the right and left lobes of the liver • Connect the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. • Round ligament _connect the liver to the umbilicus. • Coronary ligament _Attaches the liver to the diaphragm. • Triangular ligament which divides into left and right triangular ligaments.
- 11. BLOOD SUPPLY ANDDRAINAGE • Hepatic Artery {20%} :Oxygenated blood from celiac trunk via the common hepatic artery. • Portal vein { 80%} :Brings nutrient rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract. • Hepatic veins {right , middle and left} drain into the IVC
- 12. HISTOLOGY OF THELIVER LIVER ARCHITECTURE • Lobules _ functional units of the liver. • Consists of hepatocytes • Portal triad _they are Found at the corners of the lobules. • Consist of: A branch of the portal vein. A branch of the hepatic artery A bile duct
- 13. SINUSOIDS • Specialised capillarieslined by fenestrated endothelial cells. • Allow plasma exchange between blood and hepatocytes. • Central vein : Drain blood into the hepatic veins and eventually into inferior vena cava.
- 14. LIVER CELLS • Hepatocytes: Main liver cells. • Involved in metabolism ,protein synthesis and bile production. • Kupffer cells : specialized macrophages found within sinusoids. • Responsible for phagocytosing old red blood cells and phathogens.
- 15. BLOOD FLOW ANDBILE FLOW • Blood flow : from the portal vein and hepatic artery to sinusoids to central vein to hepatic veins and finally to inferior vena cava. • Bile flow : from the hepatocytes to bile canaliculi to bile ducts to common hepatic duct and finally to gallbladder or duodenum.
- 16. CLINICAL NOTES COMMON LIVERDISEASES • Hepatitis , inflammation of the liver due to viral infection. • Liver cirrhosis ,chronic liver disease. • Liver cancer , common in patients with cirrhosis • Jaundice • Liver failure.