Global initiatives and policies

1. PRESENTED BY:
GROUP 6
GLOBAL HEALTH AND POPULATION DYNAMICS
(HPE 720)
RECENT GLOBAL INITIATIVES AND POLICIES
TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE

2. GROUP MEMBERS
2
S/N NAMES MATRIC NUMBER
1 MUSTAPHA FARIDAH ABIDEMI 233266
2 OLUGBEMILEKE OLUSOLAPE KEHINDE 233146
3 CHUKWULOBE GINIKACHUKWU CHIAMAKA 233065
4 AJIMUDA OLUWAPELUMI JULIET 233645
5 ADEDEJI OLUWATOSIN ADEWUSI 233755
6 OLUGOSI FRANCIS 233177

3. OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Global Initiatives to address Climate Change
• Global Policies to address Climate Change
• Conclusion
• References
3

4. INTRODUCTION
• Climate change is a subject of global concern.
• Therefore, global initiatives and policies are needed to combat it.
• Global Initiatives vs. Global Policies
• These initiatives and policies are to help to
• reduce greenhouse gas emissions,
• mitigate the impacts of climate change,
• transition towards a sustainable and low-carbon future.
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5. GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
1) Mission Innovation
Description: a global initiative to accelerate the
development and deployment of clean energy
technologies with the goal of addressing climate
change and providing affordable and reliable
energy to all.
Date founded: 2015
Founder: 20 countries, including the United States,
China, India, Brazil, and France
Members: 23 countries and European Commission
Achievement:
• Increased their clean energy R&D investments
by members.
• Supported and demonstrated several
innovative clean energy projects and
technologies.
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6. GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
2) Powering Past Coal Alliance
Description: a coalition of national and
subnational governments, businesses and
organisations working to advance the transition
from unabated coal power generation to clean
energy.
Date founded: 2017 at COP23
Founder: Canada and the United Kingdom
Members: 167 national and sub-national
governments, businesses, and organisations.
Achievement:
• Encouraged over 40 countries and regions to
commit to phasing out coal,
• mobilized financial support for coal
transitions, and
• facilitated knowledge sharing among
members
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7. GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
3) Ocean Risk and Resilience Action Alliance
(ORRAA)
Description: a multistakeholder alliance with a
focus on driving investment into building coastal
and ocean resilience through finance and
insurance products that reduce risk and create
more financially and socially resilient communities.
Date founded: 2018
Founder: Insurance industry (led by Lloyd's and
the UNEP)
Members: Over 50 members including private
finance, insurance partners, governments,
multilateral institutions and civil society.
Achievement:
• Launched initiatives to improve understanding
of ocean risks,
• developed innovative insurance solutions,
• supported community resilience-building
projects
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8. GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
4) Climate Ambition Alliance
Description: an alliance that brings together
countries, businesses, investors, cities and regions
who are working towards achieving net-zero CO2
emissions by 2050
Date founded: 2019
Founder: Chile, Costa Rica, and France
Members: 11398 (8238 Companies, 1282
Research/educational organizations, 136 countries,
584 financial institutions, 1136 city/municipal actors,
22 Regional / state/county actors)
Achievement:
• Encouraged countries and non-state actors to
enhance their climate commitments,
• Mobilized additional financial resources for
climate action
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9. GLOBAL INITIATIVES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
5) Global Methane Pledge
Description: A Pledge by Head of States to take
voluntary actions to contribute to a collective
effort to reduce global methane emissions at least
30 percent from 2020 levels by 2030, which could
eliminate over 0.2˚C warming by 2050.
Date founded: 2021 at COP 26
Founder: United States and European Union
Members: 138 countries including Nigeria
Achievement:
• Mobilized countries to commit to reducing
methane emissions,
• provided technical support and capacity
building,
• established a collaborative framework to
accelerate methane reduction efforts
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10. GLOBAL POLICIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
10
Policy Aims Strengths Weaknesses
Recommendation
s
Paris Agreement
(2015)
Limit global
warming well
below 2 degrees
Celsius, pursue
efforts to limit it
to 1.5 degrees
Celsius, and
enhance adaptive
capacities
- Comprehensive
global agreement
involving 196
parties
- Non-binding
nature of
commitments
- Limited
enforcement
mechanisms
- Encourage
stronger
commitments
from countries to
reduce emissions
- Enhance
financial and
technical support
for developing
countries

11. GLOBAL POLICIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
11
Policy Statement Aims Strengths Weaknesses Recommendations
United Nations
Sustainable
Development Goals
(SDGs) of 2015
17 goals to
address social,
economic, and
environmental
issues, including
climate change
Broad scope
covering multiple
dimensions of
sustainability
Voluntary nature
may limit
effectiveness
Strengthen
alignment between
SDGs and climate
change mitigation
and adaptation
efforts
Kigali Amendment to
the Montreal Protocol
in 2016
Phasedown of
hydrofluorocarbo
ns (HFCs) in order
to reduce their
impact on global
warming
Building on
successful
international
ozone protection
framework
Delays in
ratification and
implementation by
some countries
Encourage faster
ratification and
implementation of
the amendment

12. GLOBAL POLICIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
12
Policy Statement Aims Strengths Weaknesses Recommendations
European Union
Renewable Energy
Directive (RED II) in
2018
Increase renewable
energy share in final
energy consumption
to at least 32% by
2030
- Provides clear
targets for
renewable energy
deployment
- Challenges in
harmonizing
national policies and
regulations
- Promote effective
coordination and
cooperation
between EU
member states
Clean Energy
Package for All
Europeans in 2019
Accelerate the clean
energy transition,
increase energy
efficiency, and
promote renewable
energy sources
- Emphasizes energy
efficiency
improvements and
integration of
renewables
- Implementation
challenges at the
national level
- Provide support
and guidance to EU
member states for
effective
implementation
Green New Deal
(proposed in
multiple countries,
including the United
States) in 2019
Comprehensive
economic stimulus
package with a
focus on clean
energy investments
and job creation
- Aims to address
both climate change
and economic
inequality
- Potential
resistance from
vested interests in
traditional
industries
- Mobilize public
support and engage
stakeholders in
shaping and
implementing the
policy

13. GLOBAL POLICIES TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE
13
Policy Statement Aims Strengths Weaknesses Recommendations
European Green
Deal in 2020
Make the EU
climate-neutral by
2050 and promote a
sustainable and
inclusive economic
growth
- Comprehensive
strategy integrating
climate, energy, and
environmental
policies
- Funding gaps and
potential trade-offs
between economic
growth and
environmental
objectives
- Ensure adequate
funding and explore
innovative financing
mechanisms
China's 14th Five-
Year Plan in 2022
Set targets for
carbon intensity
reduction,
renewable energy
expansion, and
ecological
conservation
- Reinforces China's
commitment to low-
carbon
development and
transition to a
sustainable
economy
- The challenge of
balancing economic
growth and
environmental
protection
- Enhance
monitoring and
reporting
mechanisms to
ensure progress
towards targets

14. CONCLUSION
• Global initiatives and policies demonstrate the increasing recognition of the need to
combat climate change.
• They also recognize that International cooperation, technological innovation, financial
support, and policy frameworks are necessary are important in achieving climate goals.
• Stronger commitments, effective implementation, financial resources, and addressing
potential trade-offs between economic growth and environmental objectives.
• Continued efforts, collaboration, and public engagement are crucial to effectively address
the urgent climate challenges we face.
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15. REFERENCES
1.United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) - Paris Agreement:
https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement
2.United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): https://sdgs.un.org/goals
3.United Nations Environment Programme - Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol:
https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/ozone-layer-protection/what-we-do/kigali-
amendment-montreal-protocol
4.European Commission - Renewable Energy Directive (RED II):
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/renewable-energy/renewable-energy-directive_en
5.European Commission - Clean Energy for All Europeans:
https://ec.europa.eu/energy/topics/energy-strategy/clean-energy-all-europeans_en
6.U.S. Congress - H.R.109 - Recognizing the duty of the Federal Government to create a
Green New Deal: https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109
7.European Commission - European Green Deal:
https://ec.europa.eu/info/strategy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal_en
8.Xinhua - China's 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development:
http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-03/15/c_139808652.htm
9.United Nations Climate Change Conference UK 2023: https://ukcop26.org/
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