14. Positivism
• It refers to the philosophy of science
that asserts that the only source of
trustworthy knowledge is the
information obtained from rational
conducts and reports of sensory
experience.
15. • The concept of empirical
evidences, or the
established data
received are important.
18. According to W. Lawrence Neuman
• Among of all the different
paradigms in the social
sciences, positivism is
considered as the oldest and
the most extensively used
paradigm.
27. • Born on April 15, 1858 and
died on November 15, 1917.
• He was a french sociologist
who is considered as the most
important foundation of
structural-functionalist ideas.
29. • Born in Birmingham in 1881.
• Served as Director of
Education of Kingdom of
Tonga during World war 1.
• Proposed idea of single,
unified social science.
31. • Born on 27 April 1820 – 8
December 1903
• He was an English
philosopher, biologist, anthropolo
gist, sociologist, and
prominent classical liberal
political theorist of the Victorian
era.
43. Manifest dysfunctions
• Are expected disruptions of social
life.
• Example: Heavy Migration from rural
to urban areas might include
overpopulation and unemployment.
46. Strengths
• Existence of general agreement on
values and norms in society.
• Keeps order and harmony in society.
• Tends to seek stability and avoid
conflict.
47. Criticisms
• Being wary of social change due to its
focus on integration and consensus.
• Viewing society as static.
• Tendency to ignore inequality in terms of
race, gender and class which cause
conflict.
