Punk indie pres
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Punk was a movement in late 1970s America and Britain that attacked dominant modes of production in music, fashion, and graphic design through negation and refusal. It critiqued rock music and mass culture for promoting passivity and conformity. Punk demanded more authentic experiences and alternative communities. While the first wave was soon appropriated, it inspired related postpunk movements and challenged societal decline and problems ignored by the mainstream. Punk promoted a do-it-yourself ethos and cultural resistance through self-created politics, worlds, and culture rather than just consuming what others produced.
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in the study of popular culture.
To begin, we must understand what is meant by ‘popular culture’. When
most people use this term today, they are referring to the cultural texts of
mainstream American culture. TV shows like the Big Bang Theory,
musicians like Beyonce and Kanye West, movies like the Avengers. These
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widespread popularity. Not all popular culture is well received by critics, but
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about it (the Kardashians).
No matter how stupid popular culture may seem at times, it’s important to
realize that there is no such thing as ‘pure’ entertainment. No TV show is
simply mindless entertainment – there are always messages and meanings to
be found. Popular culture – from TV shows to music videos – represents the
culture it comes from. It communicates the values and ideas of a culture, and
in this respect it is extremely useful to study popular culture.
Now, before the days of broadcast media (film, radio, TV, Internet) it was
generally assumed that the values and ideas of a society came from the top -
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class are in every epoch the ruling ideas”. The institutions of power
employed art critics and authors and intellectuals, who told people what was
good art, what was bad art, and what culture was trying to communicate.
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up reading the signs next to the art, where someone else tells you what the
art is ‘about’. There are still cultural experts who know which opera singers
are ‘best’, and which classical music is most ‘important’.
If you ever want to see this kind of cultural elitism in action, go downtown
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Culture Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Massac
Culture
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Amherst
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Page 2
Culture
J O N A T H A N R . W Y N N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A S S A C H U S E T T S
A M H E R S T
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M aterial cu ltu re v s. sy m b olic cu ltu re
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Culture
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INTRODUCTION
£ How does music help us understand the complexity of culture?
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Culture Jonathan R. Wynn, University of Ma
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J O N A T H A N R . W Y N N , U N I V E R S I T Y O F M A S S A C H U S E T T S A M H E R S T
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vocal majority seemed to agree that art could foster social change, many of us, when
encountering work such as Warhol’s 200 One Dollar Bills or Marcel Duchamp’sFountain
might find ourselves wondering exactly what type of change such work could really make.
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more and more to place the individual pursuit of money above the needs of the community?
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It was precisely the complicity of market system art like Duchamp’s and the American Pop
artists like Warhol, Jasper Johns, and Robert Rauschenberg with the oppressive class that
was at the heart of a 1973 protest staged in front of another landmark Sotheby’s auction. On
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auction house to call down Robert C. Scull who they claimed made his fortune robbing
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rushed out to a nearby hardware store to by a snow shovel to sell at exorbitant price, poking
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money an apt one?
The idea that the art market is synonymous with ‘business as usual’ is an idea that is as
pervasive today as ever—if not more so. As Eleanor Heartney reminds us in her lecture on
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to set up occupations in a number of New York City’s museums. The organizers of the
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they claimed. “The people are at your door!”
These two protests demonstrate an abiding and perhaps growing suspicion of the received
idea that market system art can change things. But while market system art is placed under
intense scrutiny, a growing field of artists and educators have been working to disseminate
the practices and techniques of art making in order to sow the seeds of change. This
community based art (sometimes referred to as ‘dialogical art’ or ‘community arts’) seeks to
place in the hands of the marginalized, the worker, or, in the words of the ...
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