The document summarizes recent economic data from the UK. It notes that GDP growth slowed to 0.5% in the third quarter of 2015, with services growth remaining strong but manufacturing and construction declining. Unemployment has fallen to 5.4%, its lowest since 2008, with reductions across age groups and durations of unemployment. Average weekly earnings grew 2.8% in the latest period, with private sector pay growth stronger than public sector. Real earnings growth has picked up from post-downturn lows but remains below pre-2008 levels in most industries.
- GDP growth in the UK has slowed slightly in 2015 compared to 2014, with quarterly growth of 0.5% in Q3 2015. Private consumption and investment have remained robust drivers of growth.
- Annual inflation has remained close to zero for most of 2015, driven by falling goods prices, while services inflation has remained around 2.5%.
- The UK labor market continues to strengthen, with record high employment, falling unemployment, and a declining inactivity rate, indicating further tightening in the labor market.
1) GDP growth in the UK slowed to 0.4% in Q3 2015, down from a previous estimate of 0.5%, with growth averaging 0.5% in the first three quarters of 2015.
2) Household consumption has been the main driver of GDP growth over the past year, while net trade and private housing investment have dragged on growth.
3) The UK's household saving ratio fell to 4.4% in Q3 2015, its lowest level since early 2010, as consumption growth has outpaced income growth in recent years.
Mercer Capital's Value Focus: Auto Dealer Industry | Year-End 2015Mercer Capital
Mercer Capital's Auto Dealer Industry newsletter provides perspective on valuation issues. Each newsletter also includes a macroeconomic trends, industry trends, and guideline public company metrics.
This document provides guidance on summarizing economic data presented in charts and tables for AS and A2 economics exams. It includes examples of summarizing key features of data on UK migration trends, world copper prices, and oil prices. It also demonstrates calculating an index number and explaining causes of trends based on extracted information. The document offers tips for confidently handling different data presentations and accurately describing economic concepts shown in the data.
This is an updated version of a slideshow revision presentation on the way in which different charts are presented in economics exams and some tips for handling the data in your answers.
The global economy has shifted towards Asia in recent decades. The UK runs large trade deficits in goods but surpluses in services. Germany and China are two of the UK's main trading partners for imports, while exports mainly go to other European nations. A persistent current account deficit can cause problems like lower growth and job losses if it indicates weak competitiveness. Policy options to address deficits include supply-side reforms to improve productivity and demand management policies to reduce spending on imports.
Highlights:
In August, annual inflation returns to positive territory
Manufacturing growing fast in July
External complications do not impair Latvia's exports going uphill
Sadaļā In Focus:
Research: Latvia's 2008-2009 wage adjustment stronger than thought before, by Ludmila Fadejeva and Olegs Krasnopjorovs
The document summarizes recent economic data from the UK. It notes that GDP growth slowed to 0.5% in the third quarter of 2015, with services growth remaining strong but manufacturing and construction declining. Unemployment has fallen to 5.4%, its lowest since 2008, with reductions across age groups and durations of unemployment. Average weekly earnings grew 2.8% in the latest period, with private sector pay growth stronger than public sector. Real earnings growth has picked up from post-downturn lows but remains below pre-2008 levels in most industries.
- GDP growth in the UK has slowed slightly in 2015 compared to 2014, with quarterly growth of 0.5% in Q3 2015. Private consumption and investment have remained robust drivers of growth.
- Annual inflation has remained close to zero for most of 2015, driven by falling goods prices, while services inflation has remained around 2.5%.
- The UK labor market continues to strengthen, with record high employment, falling unemployment, and a declining inactivity rate, indicating further tightening in the labor market.
1) GDP growth in the UK slowed to 0.4% in Q3 2015, down from a previous estimate of 0.5%, with growth averaging 0.5% in the first three quarters of 2015.
2) Household consumption has been the main driver of GDP growth over the past year, while net trade and private housing investment have dragged on growth.
3) The UK's household saving ratio fell to 4.4% in Q3 2015, its lowest level since early 2010, as consumption growth has outpaced income growth in recent years.
Mercer Capital's Value Focus: Auto Dealer Industry | Year-End 2015Mercer Capital
Mercer Capital's Auto Dealer Industry newsletter provides perspective on valuation issues. Each newsletter also includes a macroeconomic trends, industry trends, and guideline public company metrics.
This document provides guidance on summarizing economic data presented in charts and tables for AS and A2 economics exams. It includes examples of summarizing key features of data on UK migration trends, world copper prices, and oil prices. It also demonstrates calculating an index number and explaining causes of trends based on extracted information. The document offers tips for confidently handling different data presentations and accurately describing economic concepts shown in the data.
This is an updated version of a slideshow revision presentation on the way in which different charts are presented in economics exams and some tips for handling the data in your answers.
The global economy has shifted towards Asia in recent decades. The UK runs large trade deficits in goods but surpluses in services. Germany and China are two of the UK's main trading partners for imports, while exports mainly go to other European nations. A persistent current account deficit can cause problems like lower growth and job losses if it indicates weak competitiveness. Policy options to address deficits include supply-side reforms to improve productivity and demand management policies to reduce spending on imports.
Highlights:
In August, annual inflation returns to positive territory
Manufacturing growing fast in July
External complications do not impair Latvia's exports going uphill
Sadaļā In Focus:
Research: Latvia's 2008-2009 wage adjustment stronger than thought before, by Ludmila Fadejeva and Olegs Krasnopjorovs
http://pwc.to/1h2k2l4
Après cinq années de crise, de récession et de croissance décevante, nous pensons que les pays développés peuvent maintenant approcher de la "vitesse de libération" nécessaire pour une reprise durable.
The document reports on recent economic indicators from Spain, the Eurozone, Italy, Germany, and China. In Spain, the economic sentiment index fell significantly in August due to worsening data in key sectors. International tourism to Spain plunged in July, with visitor numbers down 75% year-over-year. Inflation in Spain eased slightly in August. In Italy, GDP contracted by a record 12.8% in Q2 2020 due to declines in all components of demand. Germany is forecast to experience a smaller economic contraction in 2020 than previously expected, while Chinese economic activity continued recovering in August as shown by increases in manufacturing and non-manufacturing PMIs.
Highlights of the second quarter of 2013. Net sales amounted to SEK 27,674m (27,763) and income for the period was SEK 642m (701), or SEK 2.24 (2.44) per share. Organic sales growth was 5.9%, while currencies had a negative impact of –6.2%.
Highlights of the first quarter of 2014. Net sales amounted to SEK 25,629m (25,328). Organic sales growth was 4.5%, while currencies had a negative impact of –3.3%.
Highlights of the first quarter of 2013. Net sales amounted to SEK 25,328m (25,875) and reported income for the period was SEK 361m (499), or SEK 1.26 (1.76) per share. Organic growth was 3.8%, while currencies had a negative impact of –5.9%. Continued strong sales growth in North America, Asia/Pacific and Latin America. Market conditions in Europe weakened and sales for Major Appliances, Small Appliances and Professional Products were negatively impacted. North America more than tripled its earnings year-over-year as a result of strong volume growth and improvements in price and mix. Lower volumes and a weak price/mix trend in Europe negatively impacted results. Negative impact from currencies by SEK –318m impacted earnings for Latin America, Europe and Small Appliances. Seasonal build-up of inventories and working capital needs driven by strong growth impacted cash-flow in the quarter.
The document discusses the positive trends seen in the US economy in the fourth quarter of 2009 and first quarter of 2010 based on an analysis of GDP, consumer spending, housing starts, industrial production, and unemployment rates. Specifically, it notes that real GDP grew 5.6% in Q4 2009 due to increased exports, inventory investment, and consumer spending. Housing starts rebounded but single-family starts declined. Consumer prices rose mildly while retail sales and vehicle sales increased. Industrial production also increased but at a slower rate. However, unemployment remained high at 9.7%.
The Bank of Latvia newsletter reported that:
1) Latvia's GDP grew 1.2% in Q3 2013, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Private consumption and services were major drivers of growth.
2) Inflation remained low in October due to declining fuel and food prices, though clothing prices increased seasonally.
3) While Latvian goods exports declined 2.3% year-over-year in September due to lower agricultural exports, they have increased for two consecutive months. The European Commission forecasts improving growth in Latvia's trading partners in 2014.
- The US goods and services trade deficit decreased slightly in July to $54.0 billion from a revised $55.5 billion in June. Exports increased $1.2 billion while imports decreased $0.4 billion.
- Exports of goods increased $1.2 billion in July driven by increases in consumer goods like pharmaceuticals and capital goods. Imports of goods decreased $0.4 billion led by a fall in computer imports.
- The trade deficit with China decreased in July as US exports to China fell less than imports from China. The surplus with South and Central America also decreased as US exports to the region fell more than imports.
This monthly briefing highlights that global manufacturing production has improved. Economic recovery is slowly strengthening in developed economies; and public fiscal stimulus programmes have been a determinant factor in economic growth in many developing countries.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/index.shtml
Latvijas Banka Monthly Newsletter: August 2018Latvijas Banka
Highlights:
Economic growth remains robust
Higher fuel prices continue to support inflation
Retail trade expands against the background of favourable economic conditions
In Focus:
Interaction between FDI and exports
The Spanish economy showed signs of slowing down in the second quarter of 2018, with GDP growth of 0.6% quarter-on-quarter, private consumption and exports declining, and the consumer packaged goods sector shrinking. The labor market also cooled as social security affiliations fell and unemployment rose. Tourism declined significantly in July along with signs of slowing in major European economies. Inflation remained high at 2.2% driven by electricity prices, hampering competitiveness.
The document provides an overview of recent economic indicators from Europe, the US, Japan and Germany. It summarizes GDP growth forecasts which were improved slightly for Europe but decreased for the US and Japan. Unemployment and industrial confidence indicators for Europe are also discussed. Key points about advertising growth forecasts from Zenith are presented.
The Bank of Spain has revised down its growth forecasts for the Spanish economy to 2% in 2019 and 1.7% in 2020, slightly lower than government and other forecasts. This is due to slowing domestic and external demand, and GDP revisions. The public deficit is expected to reach 2.4% of GDP in 2019, exceeding targets. Exports increased 2% between January-July 2019 while imports grew 1.5%, reducing the trade deficit. German economic indicators point to a possible recession in Q3 2019 as manufacturing activity declines. US economic data shows slowing consumer confidence and manufacturing while home sales rose. India's GDP growth slowed to 5% in Q2 2019, below forecasts, prompting fiscal stimulus measures.
This document defines and explains key macroeconomic concepts related to measuring a nation's income and production. It discusses Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP is calculated using the expenditure and income approaches and is adjusted for inflation using the GDP deflator to determine real GDP. The document also outlines factors that influence GDP growth and limitations of GDP as a measure of economic well-being.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has defined gross domestic product as “an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).”
The Future of World Trade_LANDSCAPE DEF (versie die gedrukt is)Raoul Leering
The document discusses the historical growth of world trade relative to GDP growth. It finds that world trade growth has typically outpaced GDP growth over the long-term, averaging a ratio of 1.7 since 1970. However, this ratio has fluctuated, falling below 1 during economic downturns when trade declines more sharply than GDP. The current slowdown in trade growth since the financial crisis fits this pattern, though the ratio of around 1 since 2011 is weaker than most past downturns. The period from the 1990s to the 2000s saw exceptionally strong trade growth and a higher average ratio of 1.9, representing the peak of globalization.
The document analyzes trends in agriculture, trade, livelihoods and trade facilitation in landlocked Uganda. It finds that while economic growth has increased, inequality and poverty remain issues as the majority of the population works in declining agricultural sector. Agricultural productivity and exports have fallen in recent decades. Trade is constrained by infrastructure and transit issues due to Uganda's landlocked status. The recommendations include increasing agricultural productivity, investing in rural areas, and integrating poverty reduction, food security and employment into development planning.
The document discusses reasons for India's economic slowdown. It argues that unsustainable import competition hurt manufacturing growth, as imports increased much faster than exports. This led to lower sales, capacity utilization, and profits for domestic firms, slowing investment. It also says that underpricing of public assets previously drove investment, but this is no longer feasible due to political and corruption issues. As a result, the previous investment-led growth model has unraveled, and the government has been unable to devise an alternative path to revive growth and investment.
The Spanish economy grew 0.8% in the fourth quarter of 2015 and 3.5% year-on-year, while annual GDP growth was 3.2% and inflation fell 0.8% in February driven by lower fuel, food, and beverage costs. Unemployment declined slightly in February but employment and permanent contracts rose over the last year. Political uncertainty led to a €70.2 billion capital outflow from Spain in 2015, the worst since 2012. The UK referendum on EU membership could weaken the EU economy if Britain votes to leave.
El documento presenta un menú de opciones para una policía virtual que incluye tranquilidad, procuraduría general de justicia del distrito federal y cómo se produce un delito. El menú parece ser para un colegio de bachilleres y contiene los nombres de dos estudiantes.
http://pwc.to/1h2k2l4
Après cinq années de crise, de récession et de croissance décevante, nous pensons que les pays développés peuvent maintenant approcher de la "vitesse de libération" nécessaire pour une reprise durable.
The document reports on recent economic indicators from Spain, the Eurozone, Italy, Germany, and China. In Spain, the economic sentiment index fell significantly in August due to worsening data in key sectors. International tourism to Spain plunged in July, with visitor numbers down 75% year-over-year. Inflation in Spain eased slightly in August. In Italy, GDP contracted by a record 12.8% in Q2 2020 due to declines in all components of demand. Germany is forecast to experience a smaller economic contraction in 2020 than previously expected, while Chinese economic activity continued recovering in August as shown by increases in manufacturing and non-manufacturing PMIs.
Highlights of the second quarter of 2013. Net sales amounted to SEK 27,674m (27,763) and income for the period was SEK 642m (701), or SEK 2.24 (2.44) per share. Organic sales growth was 5.9%, while currencies had a negative impact of –6.2%.
Highlights of the first quarter of 2014. Net sales amounted to SEK 25,629m (25,328). Organic sales growth was 4.5%, while currencies had a negative impact of –3.3%.
Highlights of the first quarter of 2013. Net sales amounted to SEK 25,328m (25,875) and reported income for the period was SEK 361m (499), or SEK 1.26 (1.76) per share. Organic growth was 3.8%, while currencies had a negative impact of –5.9%. Continued strong sales growth in North America, Asia/Pacific and Latin America. Market conditions in Europe weakened and sales for Major Appliances, Small Appliances and Professional Products were negatively impacted. North America more than tripled its earnings year-over-year as a result of strong volume growth and improvements in price and mix. Lower volumes and a weak price/mix trend in Europe negatively impacted results. Negative impact from currencies by SEK –318m impacted earnings for Latin America, Europe and Small Appliances. Seasonal build-up of inventories and working capital needs driven by strong growth impacted cash-flow in the quarter.
The document discusses the positive trends seen in the US economy in the fourth quarter of 2009 and first quarter of 2010 based on an analysis of GDP, consumer spending, housing starts, industrial production, and unemployment rates. Specifically, it notes that real GDP grew 5.6% in Q4 2009 due to increased exports, inventory investment, and consumer spending. Housing starts rebounded but single-family starts declined. Consumer prices rose mildly while retail sales and vehicle sales increased. Industrial production also increased but at a slower rate. However, unemployment remained high at 9.7%.
The Bank of Latvia newsletter reported that:
1) Latvia's GDP grew 1.2% in Q3 2013, making it one of the fastest growing economies in the EU. Private consumption and services were major drivers of growth.
2) Inflation remained low in October due to declining fuel and food prices, though clothing prices increased seasonally.
3) While Latvian goods exports declined 2.3% year-over-year in September due to lower agricultural exports, they have increased for two consecutive months. The European Commission forecasts improving growth in Latvia's trading partners in 2014.
- The US goods and services trade deficit decreased slightly in July to $54.0 billion from a revised $55.5 billion in June. Exports increased $1.2 billion while imports decreased $0.4 billion.
- Exports of goods increased $1.2 billion in July driven by increases in consumer goods like pharmaceuticals and capital goods. Imports of goods decreased $0.4 billion led by a fall in computer imports.
- The trade deficit with China decreased in July as US exports to China fell less than imports from China. The surplus with South and Central America also decreased as US exports to the region fell more than imports.
This monthly briefing highlights that global manufacturing production has improved. Economic recovery is slowly strengthening in developed economies; and public fiscal stimulus programmes have been a determinant factor in economic growth in many developing countries.
For more information:
http://www.un.org/en/development/desa/policy/index.shtml
Latvijas Banka Monthly Newsletter: August 2018Latvijas Banka
Highlights:
Economic growth remains robust
Higher fuel prices continue to support inflation
Retail trade expands against the background of favourable economic conditions
In Focus:
Interaction between FDI and exports
The Spanish economy showed signs of slowing down in the second quarter of 2018, with GDP growth of 0.6% quarter-on-quarter, private consumption and exports declining, and the consumer packaged goods sector shrinking. The labor market also cooled as social security affiliations fell and unemployment rose. Tourism declined significantly in July along with signs of slowing in major European economies. Inflation remained high at 2.2% driven by electricity prices, hampering competitiveness.
The document provides an overview of recent economic indicators from Europe, the US, Japan and Germany. It summarizes GDP growth forecasts which were improved slightly for Europe but decreased for the US and Japan. Unemployment and industrial confidence indicators for Europe are also discussed. Key points about advertising growth forecasts from Zenith are presented.
The Bank of Spain has revised down its growth forecasts for the Spanish economy to 2% in 2019 and 1.7% in 2020, slightly lower than government and other forecasts. This is due to slowing domestic and external demand, and GDP revisions. The public deficit is expected to reach 2.4% of GDP in 2019, exceeding targets. Exports increased 2% between January-July 2019 while imports grew 1.5%, reducing the trade deficit. German economic indicators point to a possible recession in Q3 2019 as manufacturing activity declines. US economic data shows slowing consumer confidence and manufacturing while home sales rose. India's GDP growth slowed to 5% in Q2 2019, below forecasts, prompting fiscal stimulus measures.
This document defines and explains key macroeconomic concepts related to measuring a nation's income and production. It discusses Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period. GDP is calculated using the expenditure and income approaches and is adjusted for inflation using the GDP deflator to determine real GDP. The document also outlines factors that influence GDP growth and limitations of GDP as a measure of economic well-being.
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development has defined gross domestic product as “an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs).”
The Future of World Trade_LANDSCAPE DEF (versie die gedrukt is)Raoul Leering
The document discusses the historical growth of world trade relative to GDP growth. It finds that world trade growth has typically outpaced GDP growth over the long-term, averaging a ratio of 1.7 since 1970. However, this ratio has fluctuated, falling below 1 during economic downturns when trade declines more sharply than GDP. The current slowdown in trade growth since the financial crisis fits this pattern, though the ratio of around 1 since 2011 is weaker than most past downturns. The period from the 1990s to the 2000s saw exceptionally strong trade growth and a higher average ratio of 1.9, representing the peak of globalization.
The document analyzes trends in agriculture, trade, livelihoods and trade facilitation in landlocked Uganda. It finds that while economic growth has increased, inequality and poverty remain issues as the majority of the population works in declining agricultural sector. Agricultural productivity and exports have fallen in recent decades. Trade is constrained by infrastructure and transit issues due to Uganda's landlocked status. The recommendations include increasing agricultural productivity, investing in rural areas, and integrating poverty reduction, food security and employment into development planning.
The document discusses reasons for India's economic slowdown. It argues that unsustainable import competition hurt manufacturing growth, as imports increased much faster than exports. This led to lower sales, capacity utilization, and profits for domestic firms, slowing investment. It also says that underpricing of public assets previously drove investment, but this is no longer feasible due to political and corruption issues. As a result, the previous investment-led growth model has unraveled, and the government has been unable to devise an alternative path to revive growth and investment.
The Spanish economy grew 0.8% in the fourth quarter of 2015 and 3.5% year-on-year, while annual GDP growth was 3.2% and inflation fell 0.8% in February driven by lower fuel, food, and beverage costs. Unemployment declined slightly in February but employment and permanent contracts rose over the last year. Political uncertainty led to a €70.2 billion capital outflow from Spain in 2015, the worst since 2012. The UK referendum on EU membership could weaken the EU economy if Britain votes to leave.
El documento presenta un menú de opciones para una policía virtual que incluye tranquilidad, procuraduría general de justicia del distrito federal y cómo se produce un delito. El menú parece ser para un colegio de bachilleres y contiene los nombres de dos estudiantes.
1. Sel merupakan unit terkecil yang menyusun organisme hidup dan mengatur semua fungsi kehidupan.
2. Terdapat dua jenis sel yakni sel tumbuhan dan sel hewan, yang memiliki perbedaan antara lain ukuran, keberadaan dinding sel, dan cara penyimpanan energi.
3. Sel tumbuhan lebih besar dan memiliki dinding sel, klorofil, serta menyimpan energi dalam bentuk kanji, sedangkan sel hewan lebih
Mr. Timmer's art seems to come to life in a way that evokes intense emotions from viewers. He is able to stir emotions through visual compositions that tell quick stories, representing the spectacular moments of life. Jos Timmer draws power from stories, asking people about their loves and fears and representing them himself in a unique style that captivates powerful ideas on canvas. He is now working on improving his website gallery to surprise his public.
Alkana adalah senyawa organik yang tidak mengandung gugus fungsi dan umumnya nonpolar serta tidak reaktif. Mereka dapat diubah menjadi lebih berguna dalam sintesis organik melalui fungsionalisasi, yaitu penambahan gugus fungsi ke rantai karbon mereka. Reaksi utama alkana termasuk pembakaran, halogenasi, oksidasi, dan reduksi.
This report examines equalization policies in the AFL, EPL, and NRL to determine if they level the playing field. In the EPL, wealthy owners invest heavily in players, giving financial advantages to some clubs. The NRL implements salary caps and funding models. The AFL uses salary caps, draft orders, and priority picks. While these policies aim to equalize competition, loopholes remain that allow financial advantages. More strategies are still needed to ensure fair and interesting competition across clubs.
Botani umum membahas tentang tumbuhan, termasuk struktur, pertumbuhan, klasifikasi, dan peran penting tumbuhan dalam ekosistem hutan. Tumbuhan memiliki sel yang berbeda dengan hewan karena mengandung klorofil dan dinding sel selulosa, serta dapat berfotosintesis. Berbagai jenis tumbuhan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan habitus, siklus hidup, dan cara memperoleh zat makanan.
Alkena adalah senyawa hidrokarbon tak jenuh dengan ikatan rangkap dua. Alkena memiliki rumus umum CnH2n dan dapat memiliki berbagai isomer struktur seperti isomer posisi dan geometri karena perbedaan letak ikatan rangkap dan posisi cabang pada rantai karbon. Contoh alkena adalah etena, propena, butena, dan pentena.
GDP is the most widely used measure of a nation's economic performance. It measures the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given period, usually one year. GDP is commonly calculated using the expenditure method, which adds up consumption (C), gross investment (I), government spending (G), and net exports (exports - imports). Nominal GDP uses current prices while real GDP adjusts for inflation to reflect the quantity of goods and services produced. While GDP provides useful information, it has limitations as it does not account for non-monetary activities or factors like income distribution and environmental degradation.
This study investigates specifically the impact of Oil and Non-Oil Products on Nigeria Gross Domestic Product
(GDP). Data were collected for period 1981-2016 Descriptive Statistics and Multiple Linear Regression Approach
was used, defining Oil, and Non-Oil Products as independent variables and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as
dependent variable. From the analysis, Oil, and Non-Oil Products contributes immensely to the Nigeria Gross
Domestic Product (GDP). Contrary, the Oil Product is positively and insignificant on economic growth of Nigeria
(GDP) and the Non-Oil Product has positively and significant on economic growth of Nigeria (GDP). This study
therefore recommends that Nigeria should enhance her export promotion strategies and diversify her economy far
away from Crude oil.
The document provides an overview of key concepts in economics including industrial policy, objectives of industrial policy, key areas of focus for industrial policy, initiatives taken by the Indian government, and challenges facing the Indian economy. It also defines important economic indicators such as GDP, GNP, and explains why India has become an attractive destination for foreign direct investment.
National Income: Measuring National Income. Problems in the measurement of Na...viveksangwan007
This document discusses measuring national income and gross domestic product (GDP). It defines national income as the monetary value of goods and services produced in an economy over time. GDP is the total value of output produced and includes foreign business output. GDP can be calculated using expenditure, income, and output methods. The document outlines the components and difficulties of measuring national income.
1) GDP is the total market value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given period of time, usually a year. It can be calculated through the expenditure approach by adding consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports.
2) GDP growth reflects growth in productivity and living standards over the long run. However, GDP fluctuates in the short run due to business cycles, which include periods of expansion when GDP increases and recessions when GDP decreases.
3) While GDP is a key indicator of economic activity, it does not capture all factors that influence living standards such as household production, leisure time, or environmental quality. Alternative measures attempt to incorporate these limitations.
The document discusses various concepts related to national income, including:
1. National income is defined as the aggregate factor income arising from a nation's current production of goods and services. It can be measured as the sum of incomes, net outputs by sector, or sum of expenditures.
2. Key concepts include gross national product (GNP), net national product (NNP), national income at market prices, national income at factor cost, and personal income. NNP is GNP less depreciation, while national income deducts indirect taxes and adds subsidies from NNP.
3. In India, national income is estimated using sectoral approaches like the net product method for agriculture and manufacturing, and expenditure methods
GDP measures the total value of goods and services produced in a country. It plays a key role in India's economy, which is currently the 10th largest in the world. While agriculture employs over half the workforce, services now contribute more to GDP. High GDP growth benefits citizens by lowering unemployment, but high inflation harms people as it raises costs of living. Staying informed about the economy helps individuals manage their lives.
The document discusses the Index of Industrial Production (IIP), which measures the growth of industrial output in India. The IIP is a key short-term indicator that is used to identify turning points in economic development. It measures the volume of goods produced in the industrial sector over time, excluding price effects. The IIP provides insights into important sectors like manufacturing, mining, and electricity. It is a leading indicator for GDP and helps forecast economic trends. Seasonal adjustment of IIP data removes recurring influences to better analyze underlying cyclical and trend movements.
This document provides a summary of the Indian FMCG sector. It discusses key economic factors like GDP growth, inflation, and foreign direct investment that impact the FMCG industry. It then analyzes the industry through a SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, and five forces model. It outlines the major categories and products in the FMCG sector. It also examines the growth prospects and opportunities in the industry, as well as the roles and recent scenarios. Finally, it provides an analysis of major FMCG companies in India like HUL, Dabur, P&G, and Colgate Palmolive.
This document provides an industry analysis report on the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. It begins with an executive summary describing the FMCG industry and some key companies operating in India. It then covers analyses of the Indian economy including GDP growth rates, inflation, risks, and foreign direct investment trends relevant to the FMCG sector. The document conducts industry analyses including a SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, and Five Forces model of the Indian FMCG industry. It also describes the major categories and products within the FMCG sector, growth prospects, market opportunities, and the roles and future of the industry. Finally, it provides overviews of several leading FMCG companies in India.
FICCI provides comments and analysis on various economic indicators and issues in India based on its surveys. It welcomes the GDP growth of 4.8% in Q2 as exceeding expectations but notes high inflation and interest rates remain problems. A manufacturing survey finds continued subdued growth in Q3 supported by some export improvement but rising credit costs. FICCI also comments on trade data, inflation numbers, IIP data and other economic matters, calling for addressing high food inflation, reforms to strengthen agriculture supply chains and reviewing policy rates given inflation is due to supply issues not monetary factors.
The document provides a summary of various news articles related to the Indian economy and key sectors. It mentions that India's GDP contracted by a record 23.9% in Q1 FY21 due to the Covid-19 lockdown. Several reports estimate the full year contraction to be around 10%. While some sectors like agriculture grew, others like manufacturing, services and core industries declined sharply. There are signs of recovery in August as factory activity expanded and the services sector contraction slowed. However, high fiscal deficit and tax revenue shortfalls continue to strain government finances.
This document discusses how economists use aggregate measures to track the macroeconomy. It explains that gross domestic product (GDP) measures the total value of final goods and services produced domestically during a year. GDP can be calculated in three ways: by summing value added by all producers, by summing spending on final goods and services, or by summing all income. Real GDP uses prices from a base year to remove the effects of inflation. Price indexes like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) measure inflation as the change in prices of goods in a market basket.
National Income Accounting- Gross Domestic Product and Gross National IncomeMario Miralles
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross National Income (GNI) are tools used to measure a country's national economy. GDP represents the total market value of final goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given year, while GNI includes income generated from sources outside a country's borders. GDP is calculated by adding consumption expenditures, private investment, government purchases, and net exports. Real GDP accounts for inflation, while nominal GDP uses current prices. While GDP is useful, critics argue it fails to account for important non-market productive activities, especially those traditionally performed by women, such as household labor. The U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis reported estimates for 2015 showing U.S. nominal GDP
Panoramica sull’economia, sul mercato assicurativo e sul business dei Lloyd’s...Fabrizio Callarà
This document provides an overview of key facts, statistics, business environment, insurance environment, and Lloyd's business in Italy. Some of the key points include:
- Italy has a population of 61 million and GDP of $1,845 billion, with main exports being engineering products, textiles, and machinery.
- The non-life insurance market totaled $50.7 billion in 2011, with motor insurance making up 57% of the market.
- The economy contracted in 2012 and is projected to continue contracting in 2013, with household spending expected to remain subdued.
- Major challenges for the insurance sector include the dominance of motor business and low limits/risk retention, though premiums are growing faster
This document defines GDP and its components. GDP is equal to the total expenditures for all final goods and services produced within a country in a year. It is also equal to the sum of value added at each production stage by all industries, plus taxes and minus subsidies. GDP is calculated using the expenditure method as the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. The components of GDP - consumption, investment, government spending, exports and imports - are also defined.
This document examines the measurement of economic growth in Nigeria using gross domestic product (GDP) data from 1980 to 2014. It defines GDP and related terms like gross national product, real GDP, nominal GDP, and GDP deflator. GDP is the total value of goods and services produced within a country in a year. Real GDP accounts for inflation to measure actual economic output. The author analyzes Nigeria's GDP figures over the period and finds little significant economic growth. They recommend the government improve infrastructure to aid business and formulate sound monetary and fiscal policies to mitigate inflation and boost productivity.
The document argues that Net Domestic Product (NDP) should replace Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as the primary measure of economic growth for three reasons:
1) GDP includes depreciation (replacement of worn out equipment), which does not increase economic capacity or resources available for consumption, while NDP excludes depreciation.
2) Rapid growth in information and communication technologies has increased depreciation significantly relative to GDP in recent decades, widening the gap between GDP and NDP growth rates.
3) NDP is a better measure of economic welfare and potential for real wage and profit increases because it excludes replacement of worn out capital, which does not increase living standards.
This summary provides the key details from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses several news articles related to the Indian economy. It reports that Moody's expects India to grow 7.5% in the upcoming fiscal year, making it the fastest growing economy among G20 nations. It also mentions that the Indian government is taking steps to use surplus land from public sector enterprises for infrastructure projects and is lowering the threshold for e-procurement to Rs. 5 lakh to increase transparency.
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Gross Domestic Product by Industry, 4th quarter and annual 2013
1. Gross Domestic Product by Industry, 4th quarter and annual
2013
NEW QUARTERLY STATISTICS DETAIL INDUSTRIES’ ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE
Statistics Span First Quarter of 2005 through Fourth Quarter of 2013 and Annual Results for 2013
The Bureau of Economic Analysis released today – for the first time – gross domestic
product (GDP) by industry for 22 industry sectors on a quarterly basis. These new statistics fill an
important gap in U.S. federal economic statistics by providing timely information on how individual
industries contributed to U.S. economic growth in a given quarter. These new data also provide
businesses with a comprehensive and consistent tool for assessing how their industries are faring
compared to other industries. Policymakers, businesses, and academia will be able to use the
statistics to quickly identify economic turning points, improving their ability to understand a given
sector’s performance.
Quarterly GDP by industry statistics supplement other quarterly and monthly indicators of
industries’ performance—such as employment, sales and shipments, profits, and
prices—by providing a comprehensive and consistent picture of industries’ overall
performance, allowing for a more complete analysis of business cycle dynamics and the sources of
U.S. economic growth. These new statistics, which also include measures of gross output and of
intermediate inputs by industry, are prepared within an integrated framework and are consistent
with GDP and the final expenditure components published in BEA’s national income and
product accounts. Quarterly GDP by industry statistics will be made available approximately 30 days
after the release of the third estimate of GDP.
“Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is one of the U.S. government’s most valuable data
resources,†said U.S. Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker. “American businesses
will now have access on a quarterly basis to more comprehensive statistics about the impact of
different industries on our economy. Enabling industries in all sectors to better measure their
contributions to GDP and helping businesses understand and identify emerging trends more quickly
make this new data an important tool for policy-makers at the local, state and national level. At the
Department of Commerce, one of the top priorities of our ‘Open for Business Agenda’
is to provide data to help businesses and governments make the critical decisions that spur
economic growth and job creation.â€Â
Fourth Quarter 2013 GDP by industry
Real GDP increased 2.6 percent in the fourth quarter of 2013, with both the private goods- and
services-producing sectors contributing to the increase. Overall, 15 out of 22 industry groups
contributed to economic growth. The leading contributors to the increase were nondurable-goods
manufacturing; professional, scientific and technical services; and wholesale trade.
Nondurable-goods manufacturing real value added—a measure of an industry’s
contribution to GDP—increased almost 19 percent in the fourth quarter after increasing 2.9
percent in the third quarter.
2. Professional, scientific, and technical services increased 5.9 percent after increasing 8.3 percent in
the third quarter.
Wholesale trade increased 6.9 percent after increasing 7.3 percent in the third quarter.
Growth in real GDP in the fourth quarter decelerated from 4.1 percent in the third to 2.6 percent in
the fourth. The deceleration reflected a slowdown in the private services-producing sector and a
larger decrease in the government sector that was partly offset by a pickup in growth in the goods-
producing sector. Overall, 17 out of 22 industry groups contributed to the slowdown in real GDP
growth; the leading contributors to the slowdown were real estate, rental, and leasing; construction;
and retail trade.
2013 GDP by industry
Real GDP increased 1.9 percent in 2013 (that is, from the 2012 annual level to the 2013 annual
level). Growth was widespread, with 19 of 22 industry groups contributing to the increase.
Nondurable-goods manufacturing; real estate and rental and leasing; agriculture, forestry, fishing,
and hunting; and health care and social assistance were the leading contributors to the economic
growth.
Manufacturing real value added rose 3.1 percent in 2013, after increasing 1.9 percent in 2012.
Nondurable-goods manufacturing, the largest contributor to overall growth in the economy turned
up, increasing 5.3 percent in 2013 after decreasing two consecutive years.
The real estate and rental and leasing group increased 1.6 percent, marking the fourth consecutive
increase for both real value added and real gross output.
Agriculture, forestry, fishing, and hunting surged in 2013, increasing 16.4 percent after increasing
0.3 percent. The strong growth in 2013 reflects a weak 2012 that was affected by a severe Midwest
drought.
Real GDP growth decelerated 0.9 percentage point in 2013, increasing 1.9 percent after increasing
2.8 percent. Mining, durable-goods manufacturing, and professional, scientific, and technical
services were the leading contributors to the deceleration.
During 2013 (that is, measured from the fourth quarter of 2012 to the fourth quarter of 2013), real
GDP increased 2.6 percent, after increasing 2.0 percent during 2012. Changes from fourth quarter
to fourth quarter provide a picture of momentum in the economy during the year. Real value added
for the private goods-producing sector increased 6.3 percent, compared with an increase of 0.6
percent during 2012. The private services-producing sector increased 2.4 percent during both 2012
and 2013. The government sector decreased 1.5 percent during 2013, compared with a decrease of
0.2 percent during 2012.
3. Relationship between Gross Output and Value Added
While many users focus on gross domestic product (GDP) by industry, gross output by industry is
also a highly useful statistic that is published as part of BEA’s industry economic accounts.
Gross output is principally a measure of an industry’s sales or receipts, which can include
sales to final users in the economy (GDP) or sales to other industries (intermediate inputs). Gross
output can also be measured as the sum of an industry’s value added and intermediate
inputs. Value added (i.e. GDP) represents the sum of the costs-incurred and the incomes-earned in
production, and consists of compensation of employees, taxes on production and imports, less
subsidies, and gross operating surplus. Intermediate inputs refer to the value of both foreign and
domestically produced goods and services which are used as energy, materials, and purchased
services as part of an industry’s production process. Taken together, gross output,
intermediate inputs, and value added by industry provide a comprehensive and consistent picture of
each industry’s performance in the economy.
Because gross output reflects double-counting— both the sales of intermediate and final
products—it is often referred to as “gross duplicated output.†In contrast,
industry value added is defined as the value of the industry’s sales to other industries and to
final users minus the value of its purchases from other industries. Thus, value added is a non-
duplicative measure of production that when aggregated across all industries equals GDP. While
gross output is a useful measure of individual industry’s output, gross output for the economy
as a whole double-counts sales between industries and is not a good measure of aggregate business
cycles or economic growth.
In the fourth quarter of 2013, real gross output for the private goods-producing sector increased 2.3
percent and it increased 6.2 percent for the private services-producing sector. Real gross output for
the government sector decreased 3.6 percent.
NOTE. Quarterly estimates are expressed at seasonally adjusted annual rates, unless otherwise
specified.
This news release is available on BEA’s Web site at www.bea.gov/newsreleases/rels.htm. The
economic statistics are available at www.bea.gov/iTable/index_industry_gdpIndy.cfm
* * *
Next release -- July 25, 2014 at 8:30 EDT for Gross Domestic Product by Industry: First Quarter
2014
BEA also publishes annual industry accounts that cover 69 industries. On January 23, 2014, BEA
4. released the results of the 2014 comprehensive revision of the IEAs that covered the years 1997-
2012.