- The document describes the development and validation of the Grit Scale, which measures perseverance of effort and consistency of interest. - Originally developed by Angela Duckworth in 2007, the scale has undergone several revisions and validations. It now exists in several versions including the 12-item Grit-O and 8-item Grit-S. - The scale uses a 5-point Likert scale response format. Items measure two factors: Perseverance of Effort and Consistency of Interest. Higher scores indicate higher levels of grit. - Several studies are referenced that have validated the scale in various contexts and populations, showing it is a reliable and valid way to measure grit.

1. GRIT SCALE :
PERSEVARANCE OF EFFORT
AND CONSISTENCY OF
INTEREST
Group members:
Siti Halimatus ‘Saadiah (s2009101)
Shi Lixiang (s2000663)
Liao Min (17222203)
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2. Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction
2.0 Review of Past Literature
3.0 Methodology
 Description of the test/scale/inventory
(Four Building Blocks)
 List of Initial Items Development
 Result of Pilot-Test: Psychometric
Properties and Revised Item
 The Real Data: Demographic Profile of
the Respondents
4.0 Psychometric Attributes and Level
Descriptor
5.0 References
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3. 1.0 Introduction
1) ‘Grit’ is a popular keyword in education
2) Preliminary research concludes the importance
of grit to succeed in a variety of field and develops,
expands it for all students of all ages
4) Grit (tendency to maintain interest and effort in
something for a long period of time) was new
term by Angela Duckworth (American
researcher)
3) Two traits that predict achievement namely
pain and self -control were focused by
Duckworth Laboratories
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4. 5) Originally, Grit Scale by Duckworth (2007) has 12 items.
Item 1 to 12 (original items)
• Examples :
Item 1 : I have overcome setbacks to conquer an important
challenge.
Item 2 : New ideas and projects sometimes distract me from
previous ones.
Item 3 : My interests change from year to year.
Item 4: Setbacks do not discourage me.
6) 6 new items added to this Grit Scale.
(Item 13 to 18)
• Examples :
Item 13 : When faced with difficult task, I can try again until
overcome difficulties.
Item 14 : Setbacks can easily make me lose confidence.
Item 16 : I am eager to do something new, yet if other do not
give support, I will not make it.
Item 17 : I will complete a given task well before doing another
task.
8) Scoring
• Item 1,4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 18
5 : Very much like me
4 : Mostly like me
3 : Somewhat like me
2 : Not much like me
1 : Not like me at all
• Item 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 11,14 and 16
1 = Very much like me
2 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
4 = Not much like me
5 = Not like me at all
7) Grit Scale has 2 dimensions:
• Perseverance of Effort (PE)
• Item 1 , 6, 9, 10, 11, 12
• Item 13,14,15 (New items)
• Consistency of Interest (CI)
• Item 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8
• Item 16, Item 17, Item 18 (New items)
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5. Naser
Mohamed
Shaban
(2020)
 Research entitled Validation of Grit Scale in the Arabian Context for Egyptian
Players’ (2020)
 Samples : 155 Egyptian athletes (97: M and 58:F)
 The results of the statistical analysis confirmed the Grit Scale in the context of
Egyptian culture and society
 Conclusion : Egyptian athletes have high self -confidence, perseverance, and
enthusiasm in the field in which they are engaged. Meanwhile, for coaches, this
research can provide them with information about the personality of their
trainees.
 Studied the performance of educators in the Philippines using the Teacher Grit Scale
(TGS) in the research entitled ‘Development of a Teacher Grit Scale (TGS):
Predicting the Performance of Educators in the Philippines
 Purpose : To develop, validate the Teacher Grit Scale and determine its predictive
validity for performance
 The results show that the factors describing grit are: 1) Perseverance in Teaching
and 2) Passion and Purpose in Teacher
Baraquia Lee
(2020)
2.0 Review of Past Literature
5

6. 3.0 Methodology
 Description of the test/scale/inventory (Four Building Scale)
Example :
6
Item 3 : I like to work hard on problems that I am not sure of solving.
5 = Very much like me
4 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
2 = Not much like me
1 = Not like me at all
1) Construct Maps

7. 3.0 Methodology
 Description of the test/scale/inventory (Four Building Scale)
1) Construct Maps
Respondents or respondents
features
People who extremely like challenges
People who like challenges
People who hate challenges
People who extremely hate challenges
Responses to Items
Have a strong interest in solving
challenging tasks.
It’s nice to try challenging tasks
occasionally.
I never take the initiative to choose
challenging tasks.
It’s impossible to ask me to choose a
challenging task.
Direction of increasing possibility to choose challenging problems
Direction of decreasing possibility to choose challenging problems
 Left side – Measured variables (Show the group of respondents who like challenges or hat challenges)
 Up and down arrow – Show continuum of the construct, whether it low or high
 Right side – Show the qualitative differences in item responses
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8. Example items
Item 1: When faced with difficult tasks, I can try again and again until
overcome difficulties.
5 = Very much like me
4 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
2 = Not much like me
1 = Not like me at all
Direction of increasing trying times when face difficulties
Respondents or respondents
features
Extremely persistent person
Persistent person
People who give up easily
People who give up extremely
easily
Responses to Items
Never give up until overcome
difficulties.
May try 3 times. Give up if still
unsuccessful
Try at most once, give up if I don’t
succeed, thinking that it’s a waste
of time
Don't try as long as I have difficult
tasks
Direction of decreasing trying times when face difficulties
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9. Example items
Item 2 : I am eager to do something new, yet if other do not give
support, I will not make it.
1 = Very much like me
2 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
4 = Not much like me
5 = Not like me at all
Direction of increasing interest in doing something new
Direction of decreasing interest in doing something new
Respondents or respondents
features
Extremely passionate person
Passionate person
People who give up easily
People who give up extremely
easily
Responses to Items
Keep doing things to succeed
without support from others
Will do the things but do not expect
encouraging results
May start thing, yet if there is an
obstacle, I will stop
Afraid to try for fear of failing
because no one supports me
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10. 2) Item Design
 Fixed-response format or Likert-type response format
Item 2 : I will spend at least an hour completing difficult questions for a given homework.
5 = Very much like me
4 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
2 = Not much like me
1 = Not like me at all
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11. 3) Outcome Space
• Marton (1981) introduced outcome space
• The scoring point
5 = Very much like me
4 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
2 = Not much like me
1 = Not like me at all
1 = Very much like me
2 = Mostly like me
3 = Somewhat like me
4 = Not much like me
5 = Not like me at all
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12. 4) The Measurement Model
 Rasch Model
 The item has been scored polytomous – Has scale 1 to 5 or 5 to 1
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13.  She developed the Grit Scale with her colleagues.
 The individuals who got higher score in Grit Scale will
show his good performances in the various fields
 The Grit Scale - a set of measurements designed and
constructed to measure trait-levels of perseverance and
passion for a long-term purpose
 Initially, Duckworth had written 27-item scale to
quantitatively measure grit.
 Items were reduced to 17-items after reviewing the
quality of each item
 The results from Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)
showed that 5 items must be removed from the 17-item
scale
 The Consistency of Interest (6 negatively phrased items)
and Perseverance of Effort (6 positively phrased items) -
2 factors in this scale
 Year developed – 2007
 Respondents - 10 years old to adult
 12-item scale (Grit-O) and 8-item scale (the Short Grit
Scale, or Grit-S) are available in Grit Scale
 All Grit-Scale items were measured on a 5-point Likert
scale
 3 available languages
• English
• French
• German
 Score range from 1 (Very much like me) to 5 (Not like
me at all)
 Reverse score is used to improve the validity of the
scale – 5 (Very much like me) to 1 (Not like me at all)
 Score – Add up all points and divide by 12.
 Maximum score – 5 (extremely gritty)
 Minimum score – 1 (not at all gritty)
 List of Initial Items Development
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14. 14

15. 15

16. 5.0 References
Baraquia, Lee (2020). Develoment of a Teacher Grit Scale (TGS): Predicting the Performance of Educators in the
Philippines. New Educational Review, 60 (13), 165 – 177. http://doi.org/
10.15804/tner.2020.60.2.13
Duckworth, A.L., Peterson, C., Matthews, M.D., & Kelly, D. R. (2007). Grit: Perseverance and Passion for Long-
Term Goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(6), 1087 – 1101. doi:10.1037/0022-
3514.92.6.1087
Duckworth,A.L., & Quinn, P.D. Development and validation of the short grit scale
(grit-s)[J]. Journal of Personality Assessment, 2009, 91(2), 166-174.
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17. Jachimowicz, J. M., Wihler, A., Bailey, E. R., & Galinsky, A. D. (2018). Why grit requires perseverance and
passion to positively predict performance. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(40),
9980–9985. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803561115.
Li, Caihong (2015). The Short Grit Scale: A Dimensionality Analysis (Master’s Thesis, University of Kentucky).
Retrieved from https://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1035&context=edp_etds
Mooradian, T., Matzler, K., Uzelac, B. and Bauer, F. (2016), “Perspiration and inspiration: grit andinnovativeness
as antecedents of entrepreneurial success”,Journal of Economic Psychology,Vol. 56, pp. 232-243, doi:
10.1016/j.joep.2016.08.001.JEEE
Naser Shaban. (2020). Validation of Grit Scale in the Arabian Context for Egyptian Players. Science, Movement
and Health, 20 (2), 153 – 157.
Rogoza, R., Najderska, M., Karas, D & Ponikiewska, K. (2017). Psychometric Properties of the Polish Version of
the Short Grit Scale. Polish Psychological Bulletin, 48(2), 229 – 236. doi: 10.1515/ppb-2017-0026 17

18. Salisu, Isyaku & Hashim, Norashidah & Shehu Mashi, Munir & Galadanchi, Aliyu. (2020). Perseverance of effort
and consistency of interest for entrepreneurial career success: Does resilience matter? Journal of
Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. ahead-of-print. 10.1108/JEEE-02-2019-0025. Duckworth, A., &
Gross, J. J. Self-control and grit: Related but separable determinants of success[J]. Current Directions in
Psychological Science, 2014,23(5), 319-325.
Timothy, T. (2013). Handbook of Quantitative Methods for Educational Research. Sense Publishers.
Wilson, M. (2005). Constructing Measures: An Item Response Modeling Approach. Lawrence Erlbaum
Associates, Publishers.
Wetson, L. (2015). A Replication and Extension of Psychometric Research on the Grit Scale (Master’s Thesis,
University of Maryland). Retrieved from
https://drum.lib.umd.edu/bitstream/handle/1903/16401/Weston_umd_0117N_15858.pdf?sequence=1&isAll
owed=n
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