Great Recession 2007-20101. Evaluate the role of unethical decisio.pdf
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Great Recession 2007-2010 1. Evaluate the role of unethical decisions in causing the financial crisis. Do you agree with Jeffrey Immelts comments that the richest people made the most mistakes with the least accountability? Can ethics be enhanced through regulations? 2. Evaluate the risk of inflation as a result of national debts and money supply expansion. Do you have any advice for government exit plans? 3. Should financial institutions be prevented from becoming too big to fail? What criteria should be followed in making such judgments? 4. What should be done about capital requirements? 5. Should consumer decisions concerning loans be regulated? 6. Should bankers pay be regulated? 7. Design an optimal and feasible plan of regulatory reform and new legislation. 8. Should governments use public money to bail out failing institutions?.
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ECON 301 Week 5 DiscussionsGroup 2 US Trade PolicySummaryFor.docx
ECON 301 Week 5 Discussions
Group 2 US Trade Policy
Summary
For our group project we have decided to research, analyze, and formulate an argument on the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to the US Trade Policy. In our paper we have discussed what WTO stands for and the goal of this organization. We have also addressed the latest form of trade negotiations among the WTO membership – Doha Development Round and the controversial topics of protectionism and free trade. Among the research we have performed, we as a group have come to a conclusion that we support this organization. Although there are incomplete developments that still need to be addressed, we continue to support this organization because of the fact that numerous nations come together in order to reform these conflicts.
Questions:
1. What makes free trade a better option than protectionism for the economic situation in the US?
2. What consequences would the WTO face if they acted unethically given their power?
Group 3 US Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy refers to the practice of monitoring spending levels and tax rates to try and influence our economy. Before the Great Depression, which started in the late twenties, our government had a hands off approach to the economy or a laissez-faire approach. After the Second World War it was deemed necessary for the government to become involved in our economy. (Heakal, Reem) They decided this would be necessary in order to attempt to influence unemployment, the business cycle and inflation. Of course there are many different ideas on the best approach and way to accomplish this.
The government takes initiative in trying to regulate unemployment, unemployment benefits, and taxation. They do this through the use of what is known as automatic stabilizers, which are programs and policies meant to balance fluctuations in the economy. During a recession, automatic stabilizers are expanded, and during an economic boom, the automatic stabilizers are reduced. An example of this would be unemployment benefits (David Weil). When there is a recession and unemployment is high, the government spends more money on unemployment benefits, whereas when the unemployment is low, the government spends less money on unemployment benefits. According to William J. Carrington, an analyst of the Congressional budget office, some of the fiscal policies used to reduce unemployment include household assistance (reducing employees’ taxes, increased unemployment insurance expenditures, and more refundable tax), business assistance, and financial aid to the states. Carrington also shows that to reduce unemployment, unemployment benefit policies must be modified such as an extension to the duration of benefits, reemployment bonuses, and offering wage insurance. Fiscal Policy can also be used to influence new ideas like those in alternative energies.
The United States government often tries to finds ways to stimulate the economy while looking towards its future. T ...
I need a 125 word reply to each of the four following forum postings.docx
I need a 125 word reply to each of the four following forum postings in a finance class (500 words total) You are responding to comments made by other students in the class. MUST BE ORIGINAL!
Forum #1
When an organization decides to engage in international financing activities, they also take on additional risk as well as opportunities. The main risks that are associated with businesses engaging in international finance include foreign exchange risk and political risk. These risks may sometimes make it difficult to maintain constant and reliable revenue. When an organization decides to engage in international financing activities, they also take on additional risk as well as opportunities. The main risks that are associated with businesses engaging in international finance include foreign exchange risk and political risk. These risks may sometimes make it difficult to maintain constant and reliable revenue. Foreign exchange risk occurs when the value of investment fluctuates due to changes in a currency's exchange rate. When a domestic currency appreciates against a foreign currency, profit or returns earned in the foreign country will decrease after being exchanged back to the domestic currency. Political risk transpires when a country's government unexpectedly changes its policies, which now negatively affect the foreign company. These policy changes can include such things as trade barriers, which serve to limit or prevent international trade. “Since 2010, one in ten of the countries surveyed have experienced a significant increase in the level of short-term political risk. These risks include governments asserting control over natural resources, regimes being ousted by popular uprisings and the expropriation of foreign investors' assets” (Brown, Sophle. 2013).
References
Brown, Sophle. Political instability on the rise. Dec 11, 2013. Retrieved from web:
http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/business/maplecroft-political-risk/
Forum #2
Multinational companies seem to be the standard for future business. They are typically more productive and pay their workers more than comparable locally owned businesses (Eun & Renick, 2015). With the many advantages that are available to multinationals it is no surprise that companies are shifting in this direction. However, all of the advantages do not come risk free as you may have expected. Two of the significant risks associated with multinationals and international financial management are foreign exchange risk and political risks.
Foreign exchange risk is what would likely be the first thing you would consider when thinking about international finance. Exchange rates fluctuate on a regular basis and can be somewhat unpredictable at times. This has been the case since the early 1970s when fixed exchange rates were abandoned (Eun & Renick, 2015). Exchange risk is the difference between the exchange rate at the moment a business deal is closed for a given amount and the exchange rate at the moment when .
1. GLOBAL IMBALANCES1.1 Cheap But Flighty How Global Imbalanc.docx
1. GLOBAL IMBALANCES
1.1 Cheap But Flighty: How Global Imbalances Create Financial Fragility
by Toni Ahnert and Enrico Perotti
Bank of Canada Working Paper 2015-33
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wp2015-33.pdf
August 2015
How a wealth shift to emerging countries may lead to instability in developed countries. Investors exposed to expropriation risk are willing to pay a safety premium to invest in countries with good property rights. Domestic intermediaries compete for such cheap funding by carving out safe claims, which requires demandable debt. While foreign inflows allow countries to expand their domestic credit, risk-intolerant foreign investors withdraw even under minimal uncertainty. We show that more foreign funding causes larger and more frequent runs. Beyond some scale, even risk-tolerant domestic investors are induced to withdraw to avoid dilution. As excess liquidation causes social losses, a domestic planner may seek prudential measures on the scale of foreign inflows.
Topics to study:
· Investment / risk - relationship
· Global Imbalances
· Factors to attract foreign investment
· Safety-seeking foreign funding
1. An increasing scale of foreign funding may induce runs even by risk-tolerant investors since they seek to avoid dilution.
2. Result supports a mandate for introducing a macroprudential regulator to oversee the nature of foreign inflows because the socially preferred funding structure would involve less credit volume and more stability than the private choice.
3. Global imbalances shaped the credit boom and, ultimately, the financial crisis
4. The accumulation of wealth in countries with a weak protection of property rights creates a demand for absolute safety provided by intermediaries in developed countries.
5. The safety-seeking nature of foreign flows creates risk.
1.2 Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Products of Common Causes
Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff
University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard University.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/global_imbalances_and_financial_crisis_0.pdf
November 2009
This paper makes a case that the global imbalances of the 2000s and the recent global financial crisis are intimately connected. Both have their origins in economic policies followed in a number of countries in the 2000s and in distortions that influenced the transmission of these policies through U.S. and ultimately through global financial markets. In the U.S., the interaction among the Fed’s monetary stance, global real interest rates, credit market distortions, and financial innovation created the toxic mix of conditions making the U.S. the epicenter of the global financial crisis. Outside the U.S., exchange rate and other economic policies followed by emerging markets such as China contributed to the United States’ ability to borrow cheaply abroad and thereby finance its unsustainable housing bubble.
Topics to st ...
Recommended
ECON 301 Week 5 DiscussionsGroup 2 US Trade PolicySummaryFor.docx
ECON 301 Week 5 Discussions
Group 2 US Trade Policy
Summary
For our group project we have decided to research, analyze, and formulate an argument on the World Trade Organization (WTO) in regards to the US Trade Policy. In our paper we have discussed what WTO stands for and the goal of this organization. We have also addressed the latest form of trade negotiations among the WTO membership – Doha Development Round and the controversial topics of protectionism and free trade. Among the research we have performed, we as a group have come to a conclusion that we support this organization. Although there are incomplete developments that still need to be addressed, we continue to support this organization because of the fact that numerous nations come together in order to reform these conflicts.
Questions:
1. What makes free trade a better option than protectionism for the economic situation in the US?
2. What consequences would the WTO face if they acted unethically given their power?
Group 3 US Fiscal Policy
Fiscal Policy refers to the practice of monitoring spending levels and tax rates to try and influence our economy. Before the Great Depression, which started in the late twenties, our government had a hands off approach to the economy or a laissez-faire approach. After the Second World War it was deemed necessary for the government to become involved in our economy. (Heakal, Reem) They decided this would be necessary in order to attempt to influence unemployment, the business cycle and inflation. Of course there are many different ideas on the best approach and way to accomplish this.
The government takes initiative in trying to regulate unemployment, unemployment benefits, and taxation. They do this through the use of what is known as automatic stabilizers, which are programs and policies meant to balance fluctuations in the economy. During a recession, automatic stabilizers are expanded, and during an economic boom, the automatic stabilizers are reduced. An example of this would be unemployment benefits (David Weil). When there is a recession and unemployment is high, the government spends more money on unemployment benefits, whereas when the unemployment is low, the government spends less money on unemployment benefits. According to William J. Carrington, an analyst of the Congressional budget office, some of the fiscal policies used to reduce unemployment include household assistance (reducing employees’ taxes, increased unemployment insurance expenditures, and more refundable tax), business assistance, and financial aid to the states. Carrington also shows that to reduce unemployment, unemployment benefit policies must be modified such as an extension to the duration of benefits, reemployment bonuses, and offering wage insurance. Fiscal Policy can also be used to influence new ideas like those in alternative energies.
The United States government often tries to finds ways to stimulate the economy while looking towards its future. T ...
I need a 125 word reply to each of the four following forum postings.docx
I need a 125 word reply to each of the four following forum postings in a finance class (500 words total) You are responding to comments made by other students in the class. MUST BE ORIGINAL!
Forum #1
When an organization decides to engage in international financing activities, they also take on additional risk as well as opportunities. The main risks that are associated with businesses engaging in international finance include foreign exchange risk and political risk. These risks may sometimes make it difficult to maintain constant and reliable revenue. When an organization decides to engage in international financing activities, they also take on additional risk as well as opportunities. The main risks that are associated with businesses engaging in international finance include foreign exchange risk and political risk. These risks may sometimes make it difficult to maintain constant and reliable revenue. Foreign exchange risk occurs when the value of investment fluctuates due to changes in a currency's exchange rate. When a domestic currency appreciates against a foreign currency, profit or returns earned in the foreign country will decrease after being exchanged back to the domestic currency. Political risk transpires when a country's government unexpectedly changes its policies, which now negatively affect the foreign company. These policy changes can include such things as trade barriers, which serve to limit or prevent international trade. “Since 2010, one in ten of the countries surveyed have experienced a significant increase in the level of short-term political risk. These risks include governments asserting control over natural resources, regimes being ousted by popular uprisings and the expropriation of foreign investors' assets” (Brown, Sophle. 2013).
References
Brown, Sophle. Political instability on the rise. Dec 11, 2013. Retrieved from web:
http://www.cnn.com/2013/12/11/business/maplecroft-political-risk/
Forum #2
Multinational companies seem to be the standard for future business. They are typically more productive and pay their workers more than comparable locally owned businesses (Eun & Renick, 2015). With the many advantages that are available to multinationals it is no surprise that companies are shifting in this direction. However, all of the advantages do not come risk free as you may have expected. Two of the significant risks associated with multinationals and international financial management are foreign exchange risk and political risks.
Foreign exchange risk is what would likely be the first thing you would consider when thinking about international finance. Exchange rates fluctuate on a regular basis and can be somewhat unpredictable at times. This has been the case since the early 1970s when fixed exchange rates were abandoned (Eun & Renick, 2015). Exchange risk is the difference between the exchange rate at the moment a business deal is closed for a given amount and the exchange rate at the moment when .
1. GLOBAL IMBALANCES1.1 Cheap But Flighty How Global Imbalanc.docx
1. GLOBAL IMBALANCES
1.1 Cheap But Flighty: How Global Imbalances Create Financial Fragility
by Toni Ahnert and Enrico Perotti
Bank of Canada Working Paper 2015-33
https://www.bankofcanada.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/wp2015-33.pdf
August 2015
How a wealth shift to emerging countries may lead to instability in developed countries. Investors exposed to expropriation risk are willing to pay a safety premium to invest in countries with good property rights. Domestic intermediaries compete for such cheap funding by carving out safe claims, which requires demandable debt. While foreign inflows allow countries to expand their domestic credit, risk-intolerant foreign investors withdraw even under minimal uncertainty. We show that more foreign funding causes larger and more frequent runs. Beyond some scale, even risk-tolerant domestic investors are induced to withdraw to avoid dilution. As excess liquidation causes social losses, a domestic planner may seek prudential measures on the scale of foreign inflows.
Topics to study:
· Investment / risk - relationship
· Global Imbalances
· Factors to attract foreign investment
· Safety-seeking foreign funding
1. An increasing scale of foreign funding may induce runs even by risk-tolerant investors since they seek to avoid dilution.
2. Result supports a mandate for introducing a macroprudential regulator to oversee the nature of foreign inflows because the socially preferred funding structure would involve less credit volume and more stability than the private choice.
3. Global imbalances shaped the credit boom and, ultimately, the financial crisis
4. The accumulation of wealth in countries with a weak protection of property rights creates a demand for absolute safety provided by intermediaries in developed countries.
5. The safety-seeking nature of foreign flows creates risk.
1.2 Global Imbalances and the Financial Crisis: Products of Common Causes
Maurice Obstfeld and Kenneth Rogoff
University of California, Berkeley, and Harvard University.
Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco
https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/rogoff/files/global_imbalances_and_financial_crisis_0.pdf
November 2009
This paper makes a case that the global imbalances of the 2000s and the recent global financial crisis are intimately connected. Both have their origins in economic policies followed in a number of countries in the 2000s and in distortions that influenced the transmission of these policies through U.S. and ultimately through global financial markets. In the U.S., the interaction among the Fed’s monetary stance, global real interest rates, credit market distortions, and financial innovation created the toxic mix of conditions making the U.S. the epicenter of the global financial crisis. Outside the U.S., exchange rate and other economic policies followed by emerging markets such as China contributed to the United States’ ability to borrow cheaply abroad and thereby finance its unsustainable housing bubble.
Topics to st ...
The real effects of debt bis
Estudio del Banco Internacional de Pagos sobre los efectos del endeudamiento en el crecimiento
To the Point, February 26, 2010
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Assignment 1 Discussion QuestionThe management of current asset.docx
Assignment 1: Discussion Question
The management of current assets and current liabilities in the short run can lead to several challenges for the financial manager. What are some of the more common challenges or problems encountered by the firm in this regard, and what are the possible solutions? Explain your answers.
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
Assignment 3: Discussion Question
Valuation of a firm’s financial assets is said to be based on what is expected in the future, in terms of the future performance of the firm, the industry, and the economy. What types of value would you consider when assigning “value” to a firm’s stock or bond? What is the significance of each of the different types of value in the valuation process? Use examples to support your response.
Assignment 4: Discussion Question
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why?
Course Overview (1 of 3)
Defining Finance
Broadly defined, finance is the study of how people manage scarce resources in general, and money and other financial resources in particular. There are two important features that distinguish financial decisions from other types of decisions. The benefits and costs of financial decisions are spread out over time and usually shrouded in uncertainty.
These decisions are made in a financial environment that includes the financial system, institutions, markets, and participants such as individual households, businesses, and governments. It is important to note that a well developed and properly functioning financial system enables the economy to operate efficiently and contributes to the economic growth and development of the country.
Brief History of Finance
Finance emerged as a separate field of study in the U.S. in the early 1900s. At that time finance was taught primarily as a descriptive subject using anecdotes and rules of thumb. The focus at that time was on the formation of new firms, the various types of securities firms can issue to raise funds and the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions. This continued to be the focus all through the 1920s.
However, during the 1930s the focus shifted to the study of bankruptcy and reorganization, corporate liqu ...
2. IB UNIT 3 - INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM .pptx
This PPT deals with
The International Monetary System which refers to the framework of rules, institutions, and procedures that govern international financial transactions and exchange rate arrangements among countries.
Financial regulation and supervision in ethiopia
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Describe some common money management mistakes that can cause long-t.pdf
Describe some common money management mistakes that can cause long-term financial
concerns. (LO2.1)
What do you believe to be the major characteristics of an effective system to keep track of
financial documents and records? (LO2.1)
How might financial ratios be used when planning and implementing financial activities?
(LO2.2)
What are long-term effects of low savings for both individuals and the economy of a country?
(LO2.4)
Solution
1: The use of excessive credit can lead to long term financial concerns. Excessive borrowing will
create a burden on the business or individual in terms of regular interest that has to be paid as
well as reducing the creditworthiness. Speaking of an individual lack of retirement planning is
the other mistake that can lead to long term financial problems when the retirement time arises.
The other mistake that can have serious consequences is lack of investment. Having idle funds
and not investing them wisely will lead to an opportunity loss of interest that could be earned on
investment.
2: The system of keeping track of financial documents and records should be reviewed regularly.
It should be an active system rather than a passive system and this will allow the individual or
the business to keep track of movements in the financial records. The security of the records is of
prime importance so that the records are not lost and can be accessed easily at the same time.
3: Financial ratios are extremely beneficial for businesses and individuals to help in personal
financial planning. The main benefit offered by financial ratios is that it allows one to understand
the current efficiency of the plan and make changes to make the financial activities effectively.
An important ratio is the debt payments ratio which allows one to understand what portion of the
take home pay is being used to pay off debt. As for a business it allows one to understand how
much debt is being used as a percentage of total capital.
4: For an individual lack of savings will create insecurity for the individual in case of an
emergency such as a lost job for a sudden medical emergency. For an economy lack of savings
implies that the banks have lesser funds to invest into new businesses and development of the
economy as a whole. Hence lack of savings will deplete the capital base of the economy and
result in overseas borrowings which will finally reduce the Foreign Exchange Reserves of the
economy..
Obstfeld acrcpolak2014
Exchange Rates and Financial Globalization
Maurice Obstfeld
Council of Economic Advisers
IMF 15th Annual Research Conference
November 13-14, 2014
Lessons from and for Latvia
Presentation by Gabriele Giudice (European Commission, DG ECFIN) at Country workshop: "EU Balance-of-Payments assistance for Latvia: Foundations of Success" organized by the European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs, and the Bank of Latvia.
Brussels, March 1, 2012
Special Measures - Is housing policy at a turning point
October 29th, 2013
A public debate on the new radicalism emerging in UK housing policy.
Speakers at this event will include:
Ruth Davison, Director, Policy and External Affairs, National Housing Federation
Josh Miller, Senior Economist, RICS
Toby Lloyd, Head of Policy, Shelter
Matt Griffith, PricedOut
Chair: James Lloyd, Director, Strategic Society Centre
Twitter: #specialmeasures
“Build more homes” has become a universal political maxim, but few expect the UK’s housing shortage will be fixed during the next decade.
However, more stakeholders are now abandoning the notion that housing policy can be left to market forces, and a growing interest is observable in radical, unorthodox policy interventions to address the effects of housing under-supply on both households and the economy.
Recent examples of such ‘special measures’ proposed include:
A ‘cap’ on annual house increases;
Rent controls in the private rented sector;
A ban on new-build homes being sold to private landlords.
Politicians also appear more willing to consider unconventional positions: both the London Mayor and Leader of the Opposition have floated “use it or lose it” rules for undeveloped land.
Amid signs the public are also less inclined to view rising property prices as a good thing, the conditions now appear to be in place for manifestos in the 2015 general election to adopt the most radical policies on housing seen in decades.
This public debate will take stock of the new radicalism in debate on how public policy should respond to the effects of the housing shortage, and ask:
What are the key effects of housing under-supply for households and the economy? What policy responses are possible?
Why are we seeing new interest in unorthodox housing policy interventions now?
What are the lessons from overseas when governments have tried unorthodox measures?
How can we ensure that the new ideas and ‘special measures’ proposed are given a strategic direction and focus?
he term health information exchange (HIE) refers to the electronic.pdf
he term "health information exchange" (HIE) refers to the electronic sharing of health-related
information among organizations and the organization that provides services to enable the
electronic sharing of health-related information. This discussion will be completed in three parts.
Part 1: Identify two HIEs in your state or a contiguous state and complete the following table:
HIM410.png Part 2: Summarize two similarities and two differences between the two HIEs you
presented in Part1. Part 3: After reading your fellow classmates posts, evaluate the similarities
(minimum of two) and differences (minimum of two) between your selected HIE and a fellow
classmates HIEs. Which HIE provides the best information for patients? Include at least two
reasons to justify your selection..
Hayley is a senior in high school who wants to major in healthcare a.pdf
Hayley is a senior in high school who wants to major in healthcare administration in college.
Shes engaged in some information search activities and has identified three schools within a
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These three schools are known as Hayleys.
More Related Content
Similar to Great Recession 2007-20101. Evaluate the role of unethical decisio.pdf
The real effects of debt bis
Estudio del Banco Internacional de Pagos sobre los efectos del endeudamiento en el crecimiento
To the Point, February 26, 2010
Swedbank was founded in 1820, as Sweden’s first savings bank was established. Today, our heritage is visible in that we truly are a bank for each and every one and in that we still strive to contribute to a sustainable development of society and our environment. We are strongly committed to society as a whole and keen to help bring about a sustainable form of societal development. Our Swedish operations hold an ISO 14001 environmental certification, and environmental work is an integral part of our business activities.
Assignment 1 Discussion QuestionThe management of current asset.docx
Assignment 1: Discussion Question
The management of current assets and current liabilities in the short run can lead to several challenges for the financial manager. What are some of the more common challenges or problems encountered by the firm in this regard, and what are the possible solutions? Explain your answers.
Assignment 2: Discussion Question
Financial mangers make decisions today that will affect the firm in the future. The dollars used for investment expenditures made today are different from the cash flows to be realized in the future. What are these differences? What are some of the techniques that can be used to adjust for these differences?
Assignment 3: Discussion Question
Valuation of a firm’s financial assets is said to be based on what is expected in the future, in terms of the future performance of the firm, the industry, and the economy. What types of value would you consider when assigning “value” to a firm’s stock or bond? What is the significance of each of the different types of value in the valuation process? Use examples to support your response.
Assignment 4: Discussion Question
The finance department of a large corporation has evaluated a possible capital project using the NPV method, the Payback Method, and the IRR method. The analysts are puzzled, since the NPV indicated rejection, but the IRR and Payback methods both indicated acceptance. Explain why this conflicting situation might occur and what conclusions the analyst should accept, indicating the shortcomings and the advantages of each method. Assuming the data is correct, which method will most likely provide the most accurate decisions and why?
Course Overview (1 of 3)
Defining Finance
Broadly defined, finance is the study of how people manage scarce resources in general, and money and other financial resources in particular. There are two important features that distinguish financial decisions from other types of decisions. The benefits and costs of financial decisions are spread out over time and usually shrouded in uncertainty.
These decisions are made in a financial environment that includes the financial system, institutions, markets, and participants such as individual households, businesses, and governments. It is important to note that a well developed and properly functioning financial system enables the economy to operate efficiently and contributes to the economic growth and development of the country.
Brief History of Finance
Finance emerged as a separate field of study in the U.S. in the early 1900s. At that time finance was taught primarily as a descriptive subject using anecdotes and rules of thumb. The focus at that time was on the formation of new firms, the various types of securities firms can issue to raise funds and the legal aspects of mergers and acquisitions. This continued to be the focus all through the 1920s.
However, during the 1930s the focus shifted to the study of bankruptcy and reorganization, corporate liqu ...
2. IB UNIT 3 - INTERNATIONAL MONETARY SYSTEM .pptx
This PPT deals with
The International Monetary System which refers to the framework of rules, institutions, and procedures that govern international financial transactions and exchange rate arrangements among countries.
Financial regulation and supervision in ethiopia
The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE). Science, Technology and Medicine Journals Call for Academic Manuscripts
Describe some common money management mistakes that can cause long-t.pdf
Describe some common money management mistakes that can cause long-term financial
concerns. (LO2.1)
What do you believe to be the major characteristics of an effective system to keep track of
financial documents and records? (LO2.1)
How might financial ratios be used when planning and implementing financial activities?
(LO2.2)
What are long-term effects of low savings for both individuals and the economy of a country?
(LO2.4)
Solution
1: The use of excessive credit can lead to long term financial concerns. Excessive borrowing will
create a burden on the business or individual in terms of regular interest that has to be paid as
well as reducing the creditworthiness. Speaking of an individual lack of retirement planning is
the other mistake that can lead to long term financial problems when the retirement time arises.
The other mistake that can have serious consequences is lack of investment. Having idle funds
and not investing them wisely will lead to an opportunity loss of interest that could be earned on
investment.
2: The system of keeping track of financial documents and records should be reviewed regularly.
It should be an active system rather than a passive system and this will allow the individual or
the business to keep track of movements in the financial records. The security of the records is of
prime importance so that the records are not lost and can be accessed easily at the same time.
3: Financial ratios are extremely beneficial for businesses and individuals to help in personal
financial planning. The main benefit offered by financial ratios is that it allows one to understand
the current efficiency of the plan and make changes to make the financial activities effectively.
An important ratio is the debt payments ratio which allows one to understand what portion of the
take home pay is being used to pay off debt. As for a business it allows one to understand how
much debt is being used as a percentage of total capital.
4: For an individual lack of savings will create insecurity for the individual in case of an
emergency such as a lost job for a sudden medical emergency. For an economy lack of savings
implies that the banks have lesser funds to invest into new businesses and development of the
economy as a whole. Hence lack of savings will deplete the capital base of the economy and
result in overseas borrowings which will finally reduce the Foreign Exchange Reserves of the
economy..
Obstfeld acrcpolak2014
Exchange Rates and Financial Globalization
Maurice Obstfeld
Council of Economic Advisers
IMF 15th Annual Research Conference
November 13-14, 2014
Lessons from and for Latvia
Presentation by Gabriele Giudice (European Commission, DG ECFIN) at Country workshop: "EU Balance-of-Payments assistance for Latvia: Foundations of Success" organized by the European Commission, Directorate General for Economic and Financial Affairs, and the Bank of Latvia.
Brussels, March 1, 2012
Special Measures - Is housing policy at a turning point
October 29th, 2013
A public debate on the new radicalism emerging in UK housing policy.
Speakers at this event will include:
Ruth Davison, Director, Policy and External Affairs, National Housing Federation
Josh Miller, Senior Economist, RICS
Toby Lloyd, Head of Policy, Shelter
Matt Griffith, PricedOut
Chair: James Lloyd, Director, Strategic Society Centre
Twitter: #specialmeasures
“Build more homes” has become a universal political maxim, but few expect the UK’s housing shortage will be fixed during the next decade.
However, more stakeholders are now abandoning the notion that housing policy can be left to market forces, and a growing interest is observable in radical, unorthodox policy interventions to address the effects of housing under-supply on both households and the economy.
Recent examples of such ‘special measures’ proposed include:
A ‘cap’ on annual house increases;
Rent controls in the private rented sector;
A ban on new-build homes being sold to private landlords.
Politicians also appear more willing to consider unconventional positions: both the London Mayor and Leader of the Opposition have floated “use it or lose it” rules for undeveloped land.
Amid signs the public are also less inclined to view rising property prices as a good thing, the conditions now appear to be in place for manifestos in the 2015 general election to adopt the most radical policies on housing seen in decades.
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• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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