Graph databases allow complex economic environments to be documented and explored from different perspectives. They use graph structures with nodes and edges to represent relationships between entities. This overcomes limitations of traditional databases that are not well-suited to dynamic and interconnected information. The document discusses how graph databases are used by companies like Facebook and LinkedIn to model social relationships and can similarly be used to create a graph of an economic environment in Malaysia with nodes for organizations, people, projects, and themes connected by relationships. Gephi software is introduced as a tool for visualizing and exploring such a graph database.