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Grammar workshop 2.2
The document discusses various uses of verb tenses in business writing, focusing on past tenses. It covers the past simple tense and how it is used to describe completed actions, definite moments in time, and past descriptions. It then covers the past continuous tense and how it emphasizes duration, creates context, describes repeated past events, planned events that did not occur, and makes polite requests. Finally, it discusses the past perfect tense and how it refers to the past of the past, can be continuous, and describes finished vs unfinished past activities.
Grammar workshop 2.2
- 1. Business Writing Skills:Grammar Part 2 November 27, 2015 Rachael Walker
- 2. Overview Part 1: VerbTenses Present Future Past Conditional
- 3. Overview Part 1: VerbTenses Present Future Past Conditional
- 4. Overview Part 1: VerbTenses Present Future Past Conditional
- 5.
- 6.
- 7.
- 8.
- 9. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing.
- 10. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect
- 11. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done.
- 12. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing.
- 13. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect
- 14. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done.
- 15. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done. I have been doing.
- 16. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done. I have been doing.
- 17.
- 18. Past Simple 1) Completedactions
- 19. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment
- 20. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions
- 21. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions Now
- 22. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions Now
- 23. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions Now
- 24.
- 25. Past simple Completed Actions Iread the recommendations. (Active) Now
- 26. Past simple Completed Actions Iread the recommendations. (Active) The report was submitted. (Passive) Now
- 27. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions Now
- 28.
- 29. Past simple Definite moments In2010, we signed the contract. Now
- 30. Past simple Definite moments In2010, we signed the contract. They lost 5% of their business last year. Now
- 31. Past simple Definite moments In2010, we signed the contract. They lost 5% of their business last year. When did you receive your promotion? Now
- 32. Past Simple 1) Completedactions 2) Definite moment 3) Descriptions Now
- 33. Past simple Descriptions inthe past Now
- 34. Past simple Descriptions inthe past The Kellogg company was founded in 1906. Now
- 35. Past simple Descriptions inthe past The Kellogg company was founded in 1906. The Kellogg brothers thought the public needed healthier breakfast options. Now
- 36. Past simple Descriptions inthe past The Kellogg company was founded in 1906. The Kellogg brothers thought the public needed healthier breakfast options. When I was young, I went to the seaside. Now
- 37. Past simple Descriptions inthe past Now
- 38. Past simple Descriptions inthe past Reports: Now
- 39. Past simple Descriptions inthe past Reports: The company earned more than $1 billion. Now
- 40. Past simple Descriptions inthe past Reports: The company earned more than $1 billion. We generated record cash flow. Now
- 41. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done. I have been doing.
- 42.
- 43.
- 44. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration Now
- 45. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context Now
- 46. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events Now
- 47. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur Now
- 48. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 49. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 50.
- 51. Past Continuous Emphasize duration Hewas working on the report all day. Now
- 52. Past Continuous Emphasize duration Hewas working on the report all day. In the 1990s, computer scientists were dealing with the millennium bug. Now
- 53. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 54.
- 55.
- 56. Past Continuous Create context Now Ongoingaction Primary action
- 57. Past Continuous Create context Wewere talking Now Ongoing action Primary action
- 58. Past Continuous Create context Wewere talking when the fire alarm went off. Now Ongoing action Primary action
- 59. Past Continuous Create context Wewere talking when the fire alarm went off. I was just leaving when he arrived. Now Ongoing action Primary action
- 60. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 61. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past Now
- 62. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past Now
- 63. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished Now
- 64. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different Now
- 65. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit Now
- 66. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit He was visiting clients all last week. Now
- 67. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit He was visiting clients all last week. Different clients Now
- 68. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit He was visiting clients all last week. Different clients Last year we were having problems with production. Now
- 69. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit He was visiting clients all last week. Different clients Last year we were having problems with production. Different problems Now
- 70. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit Production stopped 5 times yesterday. Now
- 71. Past Continuous Repeated eventsin the past 1) Finished 2) Slightly different 3) Not a habit Production stopped 5 times yesterday. I wrote reports every day when I first started. Now
- 72. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 73. Past Continuous Planned eventsthat did not occur
- 74. Past Continuous Planned eventsthat did not occur I was planning on going to the park, but it rained.
- 75. Past Continuous Planned eventsthat did not occur I was planning on going to the park, but it rained. She was going to phone them, but she forgot.
- 76. Past Continuous 1) Emphasizeduration 2) Create context 3) Repeated events 4) Events that did not occur 5) Polite requests Now
- 77.
- 78. Past Continuous Polite requests Iwas wondering if you could help me.
- 79. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done. I have been doing.
- 80. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past
- 81. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past 2) Continuous
- 82. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past 2) Continuous 3) Conditional
- 83. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past 2) Continuous 3) Conditional
- 84. Past Perfect The pastof the past Now
- 85. Past Perfect The pastof the past NowPast
- 86. Past Perfect The pastof the past NowPastEarlier Past
- 87. Past Perfect The pastof the past NowPastEarlier Past
- 88. Past Perfect The pastof the past The accident happened because the employee had not received proper training. NowPastEarlier Past
- 89. Past Perfect The pastof the past The accident happened because the employee had not received proper training. NowPastEarlier Past The Accident
- 90. Past Perfect The pastof the past The accident happened because the employee had not received proper training. NowPastEarlier Past The AccidentNo training
- 91. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. NowPast
- 92. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now
- 93. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now
- 94. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now Walking Context
- 95. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now Walking Context
- 96. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now Walking Context
- 97. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. Now Walking Context Past Realized
- 98. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. NowPast Realized Walking Context
- 99. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. NowPast Realized Walking Context
- 100. Past Perfect The pastof the past I was walking when I realized I had left my windows open. NowPastEarlier Past RealizedLeft windows open Walking Context
- 101. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past 2) Continuous 3) Conditional
- 102. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration NowPastEarlier Past
- 103. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration NowPastEarlier Past
- 104. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration They had been testing the product for many years before it came to market. NowPastEarlier Past
- 105. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration They had been testing the product for many years before it came to market. She was forced to take off because she had been working too hard. NowPastEarlier Past
- 106. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities
- 107. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy.
- 108. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy.
- 109. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy. Now
- 110. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy. NowPast Saw her
- 111. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy. NowPastEarlier Past Strategy planned Saw her
- 112. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy. NowPast NowPastEarlier Past Strategy planned Saw her Saw her
- 113. Past Perfect Finished andunfinished activities When I saw her she had planned a new strategy. When I saw her she had been planning a new strategy. NowPastEarlier Past NowPastEarlier Past Strategy planned Saw her Saw herStrategy planning
- 114. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration They had been testing the product for many years before it came to market. She was forced to take off because she had been working too hard. NowPastEarlier Past
- 115. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration NowPastEarlier Past
- 116. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration *use with how long NowPastEarlier Past
- 117. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration *use with how long They closed the subsidiary because it had been losing money ever since it was set up. NowPastEarlier Past
- 118. Past Perfect The pastof the past – continuous Emphasizing the duration *use with how long I had been walking for twenty minutes when I realized I had left my windows opened. NowPastEarlier Past
- 119. Past Perfect 1) Thepast of the past 2) Continuous 3) Conditional
- 120. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive
- 121. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive Talk about events that did not happen
- 122. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive Talk about events that did not happen I wish I had studied harder in high school.
- 123. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive Talk about events that did not happen I wish I had studied harder in high school. If I had studied, I would have graduated with honors.
- 124. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive Talk about events we wish had not happened
- 125. Past Perfect Conditional andsubjunctive Talk about events we wish had not happened He wishes he hadn't left his job.
- 126. Past Tense Simple I did. Continuous Iwas doing. Past perfect I had done. I had been doing. Present perfect I have done. I have been doing.
- 127. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions
- 128. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news
- 129. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now
- 130. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences
- 131. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities
- 132. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 133. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 134.
- 135.
- 136. Present Perfect Now Effect /Importance
- 137. Present Perfect Now Effect /ImportanceI have lost my keys. I lost my keys.
- 138. Present Perfect Now Effect /ImportanceI have lost my keys. I lost my keys. He has gone out. He went out.
- 139. Present Perfect Present resultsof past actions The new system has caused sweeping changes in the industry. Now Effect / Importance
- 140. Present Perfect Present resultsof past actions The new system has caused sweeping changes in the industry. IT has changed the way we do business. Now Effect / Importance
- 141. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 142. Present Perfect Announcing news Now Effect/ Importance
- 143. Present Perfect Announcing news Wehave changed our policy regarding overtime. Now Effect / Importance
- 144. Present Perfect Announcing news Wehave changed our policy regarding overtime. They have updated our website. Now Effect / Importance
- 145. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 146. Present Perfect Time untilnow Now Effect / Importance
- 147. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Now Effect / Importance
- 148. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Since Now Importance
- 149. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Since The factory has been operational since 2006. Now Importance
- 150. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Since The factory has been operational since 2006. The factory opened in 2006. Now Importance
- 151. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) She has always been creative. Now Importance
- 152. Present Perfect Time untilnow The company has expanded rapidly in the last few years Now Importance
- 153. Present Perfect Time untilnow Now Importance
- 154. Present Perfect Time untilnow 1) We have not decided what to do yet. Now Importance
- 155. Present Perfect Time untilnow 1) We have not decided what to do yet. 2) We have already decided. Now Importance
- 156. Present Perfect Time untilnow 1) We have not decided what to do yet. 2) We have already decided. 3) We have just decided. Now Importance
- 157. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 158. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Now Importance
- 159. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Now Importance
- 160. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Have you ever been to Beijing? Now Importance
- 161. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never been married. Now Importance
- 162. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Have you ever been to Beijing? I have never been married. He has had many jobs in his life. Now Importance
- 163. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Has the company ever been bankrupt? Now Importance
- 164. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Has the company ever been bankrupt? No, it has never been bankrupt. Now Importance
- 165. Present Perfect Time untilnow (unfinished) Life experiences Has the company ever been bankrupt? No, it has never been bankrupt. However, we have had times when we had to do layoffs. Now Importance
- 166. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 167. Present Perfect Repeated activities Now Effect/ Importance
- 168. Present Perfect Repeated activities Now Effect/ Importance
- 169. Present Perfect Repeated activities Theplant has malfunctioned three times. Now Effect / Importance
- 170. Present Perfect Repeated activities Theplant has malfunctioned three times. This is the first complaint we have received. Now Effect / Importance
- 171. Present Perfect 1) Presentresults of past actions 2) Announcing news 3) Time until now 4) Experiences 5) Repeated activities 6) Conditional future
- 172.
- 173. Present perfect Conditional future I'llphone you when I've received confirmation.
- 174. Present perfect Conditional future I'llphone you when I've received confirmation. I won't make a decision until I've spoken to the CEO.
- 175. Present perfect Conditional future I'llphone you when I've received confirmation. I won't make a decision until I've spoken to the CEO. I'll leave as soon as I've finished my work.
- 176. Present perfect Conditional future I'llphone you when I've received confirmation. I won't make a decision until I've spoken to the CEO. I'll leave as soon as I've finished my work. I can't make a decision if I haven't received the data.
- 177. Present perfect Conditional future I'llphone you when I've received confirmation. I won't make a decision until I've spoken to the CEO. I'll leave as soon as I've finished my work. I can't make a decision if I haven't received the data. The present is OK, too!
- 178. Present Perfect Continuous 1)Continuous activities 2) Repeated actions
- 179. Present Perfect Continuous 1)Continuous activities 2) Repeated actions
- 180.
- 181. Continuous activities Exports havebeen growing steadily. Now Importance Present Perfect Continuous
- 182. Continuous activities Exports havebeen growing steadily. Exports have grown steadily. Now Importance Present Perfect Continuous
- 183. Continuous activities I havebeen reading your reports. I have read your reports. Now Importance Present Perfect Continuous
- 184. Present Perfect Continuous Focuson the duration
- 185. Present Perfect Continuous Focuson the duration I'm dirty because I've been working on my car all day.
- 186. Present Perfect Continuous Focuson the duration I'm dirty because I've been working on my car all day. I've been studying English for twelve years.
- 187. Present Perfect Continuous 1)Continuous activities 2) Repeated actions
- 188. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions Now Importance
- 189. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions Have you seen my wife? Now Importance
- 190. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions Have you seen my wife? Have you been seeing my wife? Now Importance
- 191. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions You cannot use quantity Now Importance
- 192. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions You cannot use quantity I've been playing a lot of golf recently. Now Importance
- 193. Present Perfect Continuous Repeatedactions You cannot use quantity I've been playing a lot of golf recently. I've played golf twice this week. Now Importance
- 194. RCMP Activity Write anRCMP file on a wanted criminal and add some details on the crime committed. Try to use each tense once Examples: They have robbed 15 banks so far. They were wearing a black ski mask. Witnesses say they had been waiting at the bank when...
- 195. Tenses Present He does. He isdoing. Past He did. He was doing. He had done. He had been doing. He has done. He has been doing. Future He is doing. He is going to do. He will do. He will have done. He will have been doing. He is to do. Bonus! Conditional If he does, then he will (possible) If he did, then he would (impossible) If he had done, then he would have done (past)
- 196. Overview Part 1: VerbTenses Present Future Past Conditional
- 197. Conditional and Subjunctive Future(possible) Future or present (impossible) Past In use
- 198.
- 199.
- 200. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Future Iwill win tomorrow. I hope Possible
- 201. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Future Iwill win tomorrow. I hope I win tomorrow. Possible
- 202. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Future Youwill give a mouse a cookie. If you give a mouse a cookie, he will want a glass of milk. Possible
- 203. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Youwill give a mouse a cookie. If you give a mouse a cookie, he will want a glass of milk. Possible
- 204. Conditional and Subjunctive Future(possible) Future or present (impossible) Past In use
- 205. Conditional and Subjunctive Present Ihave a dog. I wishBackslide impossible
- 206. Conditional and Subjunctive Present Ihave a dog. I wish I had a dog. Backslide impossible
- 207. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. I wish Backslide impossible
- 208. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. I wish I would win $1million. Backslide impossible
- 209. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. If I won $1million, I would be happy. impossibleFuture possible I will win tomorrow. If I win tomorrow, I will be happy.
- 210. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. If I won $1million, I would be happy. impossibleFuture possible I will win tomorrow. If I win tomorrow, I will be happy.
- 211. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. If I won $1million, I would be happy. impossibleFuture possible I will win tomorrow. If I win tomorrow, I will be happy.
- 212. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. If I won $1million, I would be happy. impossiblePresent impossible I have a dog. If I had a dog, I would be happy.
- 213. Conditional and Subjunctive BE Iwish I were taller. If Backslide
- 214. Conditional and Subjunctive BE Iwish I were taller. If I were taller, I would play basketball. Backslide
- 215. Conditional and Subjunctive Future(possible) Future or present (impossible) Past In use
- 216. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. I wish
- 217. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. I wish I had studied in high school.
- 218. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. If I
- 219. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. If I had studied, I
- 220. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. If I had studied, I would have graduated early.
- 221. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. If I had studied, I would have graduated early.
- 222. Conditional and Subjunctive Backslide Past Istudied in high school. If I had studied, I would have graduated early. would did
- 223. Conditional and Subjunctive Future Iwill win $1million. If I won $1million, I would be happy. impossiblePast I studied. If I had studied, I would have graduated early.
- 224. Conditional and Subjunctive FuturePossible If I win tomorrow, I will be happy. Future Impossible If I won $1million, I would be happy. Past If I had won $1milliom, I would have been happy. Backslide
- 225. Conditional and Subjunctive Future(possible) Future or present (impossible) Past In use
- 226. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 227. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 228. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 229. Conditional in Context Statinga general rule or habit Simple present: When she arrives at work, she checks her email. If you order bulk, you get a discount. If the paperwork is incomplete, the order is usually delayed.
- 230. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 231. Conditional in Context Speculatingabout the future Future possible: If we implement the new system, there will be a marked increase in efficiency. If we fail to update the database, we will lose revenue.
- 232. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 233. Conditional in Context Unlessand if Unless = if + not If we do not update the database... Unless we update the database...
- 234. Conditional in Context Unlessand if Unless = if + not If we do not update the database... Unless we update the database... we will lose revenue.
- 235. Conditional in Context Promises,warnings, and threats Future possible Promise Warning Threat If you order now, you will get a free gift.
- 236. Conditional in Context Promises,warnings, and threats Future possible Promise Warning Threat If you order now, you will get a free gift. We cannot continue production unless the factory complies with our policy.
- 237. Conditional in Context Promises,warnings, and threats Future possible Promise Warning Threat If you order now, you will get a free gift. We will not continue production unless the factory complies with our policy. Unless we receive the payment this week, we will be forced to pursue legal action.
- 238. Conditional in Context Promises,warnings, and threats Future possible Promise Warning Threat If you order now, you will get a free gift. We will not continue production unless the factory complies with our policy. Unless we receive the payment this week, we will be forced to pursue legal action.
- 239. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 240. Conditional in Context Imagining Unlikelyor impossible If we hired an agency, we would recover debt more easily.
- 241. Conditional in Context Imagining Lessprobable situations If we hired an agency, we would recover debt more easily. we could recover debt more easily. we might recover debt more easily. What would happen if the stock market crashed?
- 242. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 243. Conditional in Context Bargaining Ifyou give a us a 5% discount, we will make a repeat order. If you gave us a 5% discount, we would make a repeat order.
- 244. Conditional in Context Bargaining Ifyou give a us a 5% discount, we will make a repeat order. If you gave us a 5% discount, we would make a repeat order.
- 245. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 246. Conditional in Context Pastspeculation Past If the price-earnings ration had been higher, we would have purchased more shares.
- 247. Conditional in Context Pastspeculation Past If the price-earnings ration had been higher, we would have purchased more shares. Had we anticipated the power failure, we would have updated sooner.
- 248. Conditional in Context Pastspeculation Past If the price-earnings ration had been higher, we would have purchased more shares. Had we anticipated the power failure, we would have updated sooner. The program could have succeeded if management had been competent.
- 249. Conditional in Context Pastspeculation Past If the price-earnings ration had been higher, we would have purchased more shares. Had we anticipated the power failure, we would have updated sooner. The program could have succeeded if management had been competent.
- 250. Conditional and Subjunctive Statinga general rule Future speculations Promises and threats Imagining Bargaining Past speculation Varying language
- 251. Conditional in context Varyinglanguage Provided (that) On condition that In case of Provided they don't renege on their offer, we will sign the contract next week.
- 252. Conditionals in Context Mixedconditionals If the factory weren't so far (present) we would have bought it already. (past) If we had bought it earlier (past) we wouldn't need to deal with Mr. Smith. (present)
- 253. Conditionals in Context Politerequests If you will come this way, I'll show you to your office. If you come this way, We would be grateful if you would please refrain from spreading the news just yet.
- 254. RCMP Activity Write anRCMP file on a wanted criminal and add some details on the crime committed. Try to use each tense once Examples: They have robbed 15 banks so far. They were wearing a black ski mask. Witnesses say they had been waiting at the bank when...
- 255. Tenses Present He does. He isdoing. Past He did. He was doing. He had done. He had been doing. He has done. He has been doing. Future He is doing. He is going to do. He will do. He will have done. He will have been doing. He is to do. Conditional If he does, then he will (possible) If he did, then he would (impossible) If he had done, then he would have done (past)