The document explains the concept of syllables, types of pronouns, gender in grammar, numbers, and cases, providing examples for each category. It covers details about relative, reflexive, and adjective pronouns, as well as articles and their uses, including definite and indefinite articles. Common grammatical errors related to articles are also identified.

1. SYLLABLE
A part of word which is pronounced at a time, is called syllable. Example:
Bro+ther, Um+bre+lla.
There are 4 types of syllable. Like :
1. Mono-syllable: The word has only one syllable. Like: Pen, Map, Rat etc
2. Di-syllable: The word has two syllable in it. Like: Mo+ther, Rou+tine.
Play+er etc.
3. Tri-syllable: The word has three syllable in it. Like: Beau+ti+ful,
Poly+u+ria, Bi+cy+cle etc
4. Polly- syllable: The word has four or more syllable in it. Like:
U+ni+ver+sity, Com+po+si+tion etc.

2. PERSON (Pronoun)
“Person” refers to the distinction between the speaker, the listener, and others in a sentence.
It is one of the fundamental features of pronouns and verbs, helping indicate who is involved
in the action. There are three types: first person, second person, and third person. These types
indicate who is speaking, who is being spoken to, and who or what is being spoken about.

3. GENDER (Noun/Pronoun)
Gender is a grammatical feature that categorizes nouns, pronouns, and adjectives into classes
based on their gender.
Key Notes:
•Masculine and Feminine genders are mainly used for people and animals.
•Neuter gender is often used for inanimate objects or non-gendered concepts.
•Common Gender nouns can refer to both males and females depending on context. Examples include
professions (teacher, student, etc.).

4. Numbers refer to how we express whether something is singular (one) or plural
(more than one). This concept applies mainly to nouns, pronouns, and verbs.
There are two main types of numbers in grammar
NUMBERS (Noun)

5. CASE (Noun/Pronoun)
Cases indicate the grammatical functions of nouns and
pronouns according to their relation with rest of the words in
a sentence.
There are 3 kinds of cases. Like:
• Subjective Case
• Objective Case
• Possessive Case

6. SUBJECTIVE CASE (NOMINATIVE CASE)
When a noun or a pronoun works as a subject in the sentence,
a subjective case appears.
Example:
Louis works in the management.
He works very hard for the company.
I love to watch movies in my free time.
Reading is a very good habit.

7. OBJECTIVE CASE
When a noun or a pronoun works as an object in the sentence,
an objective case appears.
Example:
Robert does not eat burgers.
He loves pizza.
Robert told me that.
Alex follows Robert.

8. POSSESSIVE CASE
Possessive cases indicate a relationship of possession or
belongingness between two nouns or a noun and a pronoun.
Example:
Robin’s house is near the river. (Two nouns related in the basis of
possession.)
His brother lives in the city. (A pronoun and a noun)
My family does not approve this.
Shaun’s wife has passed away.
Note: The pronoun changes its form in different cases.

9. CASE (Table)

10. PRONOUN Kinds
Relative pronouns are pronouns that relate to some word or phrase mentioned
before. This word or phrase is called the Antecedent.
• These include who, whom, whose, that. and which
• They have the same form regardless of the number of the antecedent.
Reflexive Pronouns refers to a noun, another pronoun or the subject to add
emphasis or in some cases to complete the meaning. I did it myself. The cat licked
itself. They are formed by adding self or selves to the possessive adjective form.

11. Adjective Pronouns, as the name suggests, have both the
qualities of pronouns and adjectives. There are 4 types of adjective
pronouns:
1. Possessive: Those which relate to possession or property (my,
our, your, his, her, its)
2. Distributive: it refers to the persons or things that makeup a
number. They include each, every, either and neither
3. Demonstrative: This point to the subject to which they relate.
They include this, that, these and those
4. Indefinite: It refers to their subjects in an indefinite or general
manner. They include : Some, other , any, one. all, none, another,
somebody, everybody, Nobody, nothing, anybody etc.

12. ARTICEL
A word added before a noun or an adjective modifying a noun, to show
definiteness or indefiniteness.
a garden an eagle the friendly women
There are 2 main articles: A/An (indefinite) and THE (definite)
An is used before a vowel sound. Like:
• an app
• a university
• an online store
• an MP3 file

13. A is the indefinite article. It is used to point out a place, person, or
thing from a larger group, without any distinction.
• A has the same meaning as the word one before a Noun
I have a drink = I have one drink
• A is used before singular nouns only.
I'm looking for a smartphone = I'm looking for any phone in the
group of phones called smartphone.
THE INDEFINITE ARTICLE: A/AN

14. THE DEFINITE ARTICLE: THE
THE is the definite article. It is used to refer to a specific member of a
group.
Bring me the purse. = Bring me the particular purse referred to NOT
any purse.
THE can be used before singular, plural, and non-count nouns.
The man, the men, the water

15. THE ZERO ARTICLE
Nouns without an article express the broadest meaning.
Man is an animal. = All human beings are animals.
The article may be omitted before the following nouns:
Abstract Nouns (e.g. Happiness)
Proper Nouns (e.g. Simon)
Plural Nouns (e.g. smartphones)
Non- count nouns (e.g. rice)

16. COMMON ERRORS
Do you have a pen ?
She is a tax inspector
I'd like to buy a new house.
I didn't have a breakfast yesterday.
I watched a television.
Do you play the sports?
The international tourism has
affected many cultures.
He plays the tennis.
She has a the flu.
It was a very fun.
Is this the my book?
We were invited to one a party.
They arrived at an agreement.

17. THANK YOU
-Sarnali Paul