Grade11_Q1_W8_PerformMensuration_final.pdf

TVL - ICT:CSS
Quarter 1- Module 8:
Performing Mensuration and Calculation
7
11 SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

TV-ICT:CSS – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1-4 Module 4: Performing Mensuration and Calculation
First Edition, 2020
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Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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Published by the Department of Education
Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Printed in the Philippines by ________________________
Department of Education –Region VII Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Office Address: Kagawasan, Ave., Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tele #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
E-mail Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Development Team of the Module
Writer: Jessie V. Alcala
Editors: Reynald M. Manzano
Reviewers: Ruthmarie B. Eltanal, Louelyn M. Lajot
Typesetter: Romie G. Benolaria
Management Team: Senen Priscillo P. Paulin, CESO V Rosela R. Abiera
Marcelo K. Palispis, Ed.D. Maricel S. Rasid
Joelyza M. Arcilla, Ed. D. Elmar L. Cabrera
Nilita L. Ragay, Ed.D.
Antonio B. Baguio Jr., Ed.D.

11
TVL - ICT:CSS
Quarter 1 - Module 8:
Performing Mensuration
and Calculation

1
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Performing Mensuration and Calculation. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you
read them can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.
The module is divided into three lessons, namely:
• Lesson 1 – Select Measuring Instruments
• Lesson 2 – Carry out measurements and calculations
• Lesson 3 - Maintain measuring instruments
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. Identify the different instruments to be measured
2. Demonstrate how to measure and calculate the instrument that
needs to be measured
3. Ensure proper handling of measuring instruments
What I Need to Know

2
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson.
Take this test.
Identify the word/s that best describes the following statement. Write your
answer in your notebook. Choose your answer from the box.
_________1. A removable storage device that connects to the USB port.
_________2. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM.
_________3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed
by the CPU.
_________4. Chips that are located on the motherboard.
_________5. The point of interaction or communication between a computer or
any other entity such as a printer or human operator.
_________6. It is usually configured as the C: drive in a Windows computer.
_________7. This is a circuit board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2
SDRAM.
_________8. This refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller
interface.
_________9. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
_________10. This uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive.
Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.
DDR Thumb drive
Interface Optical drive
SATA Read-only memory
Random Access Memory Hard drive
DIMM Solid State Drive

3
Lesson
1
Select Measuring
Instruments
As a Computer Systems Servicing student, you need to familiarize the
different computer components that makes up a computer and identify those
components that need to be measured and calculated.
What’s In
What are the components of a computer that you are familiar with?
Name as many as you can.
What’s New
Look for available desktop computer around you. Open the system
unit. Take a closer look on its components. Identify the components inside
and give the function of each.
Guide Questions:
1. What is the importance of familiarizing the components of a computer?
2. How does familiarizing the components help you as a student?
Notes to the Teacher
If there is no desktop computer in the premises, watch a
video clip in this URL https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HCJDWfCl-M

4
What Is It
SELECT MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
MEMORY
Memory is used most often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage.
When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it much more
quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily.
READ-ONLY MEMORY (ROM)
Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the
motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions that can be
directly accessed by the CPU.
Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating
systems are stored in ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even when the
computer is powered down. The contents cannot be erased or changed by
normal means.
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)
Random Access Memory (RAM) is the temporary
storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the
CPU.
RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased
when the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more
capacity the computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as
well as enhance system performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual
chips. The individual memory chips, called Dual Inline Package (DIP) chips,
was difficult to install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve
this problem, designers soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board
called a memory module.
SIMMs and DIMMs
SIMMs (Single Inline Memory Module) have 30-pin
and 72-pin configurations.
DIMM (Dual Inline Memory Module) is a circuit
board that holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2
SDRAM.
https://www.pngall.com/wp-
content/uploads/6/Microcontr
oller-PNG-HD-Image.png
https://www.techspot.com/new
s/58832-tech-primer-ddr4-
memory.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMM#/me
dia/File:SIMM_30_68_72.png

5
DDR (Double Data Rate) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth
of SDRAM, DDR2 offers faster performance while using less technology.
DDR3 operates at even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these
DDR technologies are backward- or forward- compatible.
CACHES AND REGISTERS
Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by
making the data used most often by the CPU instantly
available.
Registers are memory cells built right into the
CPU that contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic
and Logic Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled
directly by the compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.
STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage
media. The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve
information from a media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the
computer case, such as a hard drive. For portability, some storage drives can
connect to the computer using a USB port, a FireWire port, or a SCSI port.
These portable storage drives are sometimes referred to as removable drives
and can be used on multiple computers.
Hard Drive
A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and applications. The hard drive
is often configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage capacity
of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or gigabytes (GB). The speed
of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). Multiple hard
drives can be added to increase storage capacity. Traditional hard drives are
magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors designed to spin magnetic
platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid state
drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no
drive motors and moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy
than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile flash memory chips
manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to
data, higher reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have
the same form factor as magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces.
SSDs can be installed as a replacement for magnetic drives.
https://www.makemysaffar.com/2020/09/wh
at-is-memory-register-in-computer.html
https://computer.howstuffw
orks.com/virtual-hard-
drive.htm
https://en.wikipedia.or
g/wiki/Solidstate_drive

6
Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to
read data on the optical media. There are three types of
optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile Disc
(DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD). CD, DVD, and BD media can
be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or re-
writable (read and write multiple times).
External Flash Drive
An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive,
is a removable storage device that connects to a USB port.
An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile
memory chips as solid state drives and does not require
power to maintain the data. These drives can be accessed by the operating
system in the same way that other types of drives are accessed.
Types of Drive Interfaces
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different
interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a
storage drive in a computer, the connection interface on the drive must be the
same as the controller on the motherboard. Here are some common drive
interfaces:
• IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called
Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an
early drive controller interface that connects
computers and hard disk drives. An IDE
interface uses a 40-pin connector.
• SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the
ATA drive controller interface. A SATA interface
uses a 7-pin data connector.
• SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive
controller interface that can connect up to 15
drives. SCSI can connect both internal and
external drives. A SCSI interface uses a 50-pin,
68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
http://www.gcsecs.com/optical-
disk-drive.html
https://computerized.code.blog
/2018/10/12/computer-input-
and-output-devices/
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i
/ide.htm
https://asianic.com.ph/product/acr
oss-sata-data
https://www.globalspec.com/learnmor
e/electrical_electronic_components/wi
res_cables/scsi_cables

7
What’s More
A. Fill-in the blanks with the correct word/s that best describes the
statement.
1. These are memory cells that contain specific data needed by the CPU.
________________
2. It is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
________________
3. Contents are erased when the computer is powered off.
________________
4. These are soldered memory chips on a special circuit board.
5. ________________
6. This is used to connect a drive to the computer.
7. ________________
B. Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise, write False.
8. Basic instructions for booting the computer and loading the operating
systems are stored in ROM.
9. RAM is the permanent storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU.
10. Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with the same
interfaces that are used to connect the drive to the computer.
11. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
10. Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual
chips.
What I Have Learned
What have you learned about the lesson?
I have learned that _______________________________________
I have realized that ______________________________________
I will apply ______________________________________________

8
What I Can Do
Option A: Create a video presentation identifying and explaining the
functions of the different hardware devices below.
Option B: Draw and describe the following hardware devices.
1. Random Access Memory
2. Hard disk drive
3. Optical drive
4. SATA interface
5. Thumb drive
SCORING RUBRICS
20 15 10
Content The content is
clear and easy to
understand.
Almost all of the
content is clear and
easy to understand.
Most content is
difficult to
understand.
Delivery The delivery of the
information is clear
and satisfying.
The delivery of the
information is 80%
clear and satisfying
The delivery of the
information is 50%
clear but not
satisfying.
Audio /
Video
Audio and video
are clear and
effective in the
delivery of
information.
Audio and video are
80% clear and
effective in the
delivery of
information
Audio and video
are inconsistent at
times during the
delivery of
information.

9
Assessment
Matching Type. Match column A with column B. Write the letter of your
answer in your notebook.
Column A Column B
___1. These chips contain instructions A. Storage drive
that can be directly accessed B SCSI Interface
by the CPU. C. IDE
___2. A 40-pin connector that connects D. Dual Inline Package
hard disk drives to the computer. E. Hard drive
___3. It reads or writes information on F. Portable storage drives
magnetic or optical storage media. G. ROM
___4. Sometimes referred to as removable H. Solid State Drive
drives and can be used on multiple I. Memory
computers. J. ROM chips
___5. A drive controller interface that can
connect both internal and external drives.
___6. It is often configured as the first drive
in the boot sequence.
___7. It can be installed as a replacement
for magnetic drives.
___8. Retain their contents even when the
computer is powered down.
___9. It is intended to store data temporarily.
___10. Another term for individual memory chips.

10
Additional Activities
Identify the different components of a computer. Write your in your notebook.
1. 5.
2. 6.
3. 7.
4. 8.
https://computer.howstuffw
orks.com/virtual-hard-
drive.htm
https://computerized.code.blog
/2018/10/12/computer-input-
and-output-devices/
https://www.pngall.com/wp-
content/uploads/6/Microcontr
oller-PNG-HD-Image.png
https://www.globalspec.com/learnmor
e/electrical_electronic_components/wi
res_cables/scsi_cables
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/i
/ide.htm
https://www.techspot.com/new
s/58832-tech-primer-ddr4-
memory.html
https://asianic.com.ph/product/acr
oss-sata-data
http://www.gcsecs.com/optical-
disk-drive.html

11
Answer Key
Assessment
1.
G
2.
C
3.
A
4.
F
5.
B
6.
E
7.
H
8.
J
9.
I
10.
D
What's
More
1.
REGISTERS
2.
SCSI
3.
VOLATILE
4.
MEMORY
MODULE
5.
INTERFACE
6.
True
7.
False
8.
False
9.
True
10.
True
What
I
Know
1.
Thumb
drive
2.
DDR
3.
Random
Access
Memory
4.
Read-Only
Memory
5.
Interface
6.
Hard
drive
7.
DIMM
8.
SATA
9.
Optical
drive
10.
Solid
State
Drive
Additional
Acitivities
1.
Hard
disk
drive
2.
Thumb
drive
3.
ROM
4.
SCSI
5.
IDE
6.
RAM
7.
SATA
8.
Optical
drive

12
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson.
Take this test.
Convert the following to binary. Perform checking to verify your answer.
Write your answer in your notebook. 2 points each.
1. 25
2. 50
Answer the following. Show your solution. Write your answer in your
notebook. 2 points each.
3. 1 GB = _____ KB
4. 2 MB = _____ KB
5. How many 1.5MB file can you save in a CD-R?

13
Lesson
2
Carry Out Measurements
and Calculation
While humans interpret words and pictures, computers interpret only
patterns of bits. In our next lesson, let us understand how computer
interprets data and information.
What’s In
How do you count numbers? So, you think you know how to count?
Well, there is another way to do it.
What’s New
What do you think when you hear the words binary numbers? Did you
know that computers only use zeros and ones? Everything that you see or
hear on a computer such as pictures, movies, words, or even sounds is stored
using just those two numbers!
It is recommended to visit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6vHZ95XDwU&featur
e=youtu.be for a brief introduction about binary numbers.

14
What Is It
Carry Out Measurements and Calculation
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Information is represented and stored in a digital binary format within
a computer. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the
smallest piece of data.
A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit
(0). A bit can be used to represent the state of something that has two states.
CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY
To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is to divide
the number by 2. Get the quotient and the remainder. Bring down the
quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and remainder again. Do it
repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to
top, and that is the binary equivalent.
Example: 30
Quotient Remainder
30/2 15 0
15/2 7 1
7/2 3 1
3/2 1 1
1/2 0 1
30 = 11110
Checking: 1 1 1 1 0 Multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 Equivalents
16 8 4 2 0 Results
16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 0 = 30
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit
of digital storage is the byte. A byte has 8 bits and is the smallest unit of
measure (UOM) used to represent data storage capacity. When referring to
storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB), megabytes (MB),
gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB).

15
One kilobyte is a little more than one thousand bytes, specifically 1,024.
A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or 1,048,576. A gigabyte is
1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776.
Here is another conversion:
1 byte = 8bits
1kilobyte = 1,024 bytes
1 megabyte = 1,024 kilobytes
1 gigabyte = 1,024 megabyte
1terabyte = 1,024 gigabyte
When something is represented digitally, the greater the detail, the
greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture
from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture
could use 2 MB or more.
Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include:
random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3
players. CDs have a data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs
have a data storage capacity of approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc,
and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs have a storage capacity
of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc. Once we know
the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being
used.
Example:
A file is 25KB in size
1KB = 1,024Bytes
25 x 1,024 = 25,600Bytes in a 25KB file
If this 25KB file is stored in a 1MB folder, how many files can be
stored in that folder?
1Mb = 1,024Kb
1,024Kb/25Kb = 40.96
41 files can be stored in a 1Mb folder

16
What’s More
Convert the following to binary digits. Perform checking to verify your
answer. Write your answer in your notebook. 2 points each.
1. 20
2. 15
3. 32
What I Have Learned
I will apply ______________________________________________

17
What I Can Do
Sequence the steps to convert decimal to binary by writing the letters
A - F on the blank provided before each number.
____ 1. Get the quotient and remainder again.
____ 2. Get the quotient and the remainder.
____ 3. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2,
____ 4. Divide the number by 2.
____ 5. Copy the remainder from bottom to top, and that is the binary
equivalent.
____ 6. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0.
Assessment
A. Write True if the statement is correct, otherwise, write False.
1. A Gigabyte has 1,024 Megabyte.
2. A byte is the smallest representation of data.
3. We use the term kilo to represent storage space.
4. A bit is the smallest unit of measure.
5. A Megabyte has 1,048,576 Bytes
B. Solve the following problems. Show your solutions. 2 points each.
1. How many 17MB mp4 file can be stored on a CD-R?
2. How many 5KB docx file can be stored on a 4MB folder of your hard
drive?
3. How many 5MB mp3 file can be saved on a 4GB thumb drive?
Convert the following binary numbers to decimal.
1. 11001
2. 10100
3. 10011
4. 10101
5. 11100

18
Answer Key
Assessment
A.
1.
True
2.
False
3.
False
4.
False
5.
True
B.
1.
A
file
is
17Mb
in
size
CD-R
has
700Mb
storage
capacity
700Mb
/
17Mb
=
41
mp4
files
can
be
stored
in
a
CD-R
2.
A
file
is
5Kb
in
size
1Mb
=
1,024Kb
4Mb
=
4,096Kb
4,096Kb/5kb
=
819
docx
files
can
be
stored
in
a
4Mb
folder
3.
A
file
is
5Mb
in
size
1Gb
=
1,024Mb
4Gb
=
4,096Mb
4,096Mb/5Mb
=
819
=819
mp3
file
can
be
saved
on
a
4Gb
thumb
drive
What's
More
1.
20
=
10100
20/2=10
0
10/2=5
0
5/2=2
1
2/2=1
0
½=0
1
Checking:
1
0
1
0
0
16
8
4
2
1
16+0+4+0+0
=
20
2.
15
=
1111
15/2=7
1
7/2=3
1
3/2=1
1
½=0
1
Checking:
1
1
1
1
8
4
2
1
8+4+2+1
=
15
3.
32
=
100000
32/2=16
0
16/2=8
0
8/2=4
0
4/2=2
0
2/2=1
0
1/2=0
1
Checking:
1
0
0
0
0
0
32
16
8
4
2
1
32+0+0+0+0+0
=
32
What
I
Know
1.
25
=
11001
25/2=12
1
12/2=6
0
6/2=3
0
3/2=1
1
½=0
1
Checking:
1
1
0
0
1
16
8
4
2
1
16
8
0
0
1
16+8+0+0+1
=
25
2.
50
=
110010
50/2=25
0
25/2=12
1
12/2=6
0
6/2=3
0
3/2=1
1
½=0
1
Checking:
1
1
0
0
1
0
32
16
8
4
2
1
32+16+0+0+2+0
=
50
3.
1
GB
=
___
KB
1
GB
x
1,024
MB/1GB
x
1,024
KB/1MB
1GB
=
1,048,576
KB
4.
2MB
=
___KB
2MB
x
1,024KB/1MB
2MB
=
2,048KB
5.
A
file
is
1.5MB
in
size
CD-R
has
700MB
storage
capacity
700MB
/
1.5MB
=
467
files
can
be
stored
in
a
CD-R
What
I
Can
Do
1.
D
2.
B
3.
C
4.
A
5.
F
6.
E Additional Activities
1. 11001 = 25
1 1 0 0 1
16 8 4 2 1
16+8+0+0+1 = 25
2. 10100 = 20
1 0 1 0 0
16 8 4 2 1
16+0+4+0+0 = 20
3. 10011 = 19
1 0 0 1 1
16 8 4 2 1
16+0+0+2+1 = 19
4. 10101 = 21
1 0 1 0 1
16 8 4 2 1
16+0+4+0+1=21
5. 11100 = 28
1 1 1 0 0
16 8 4 2 1
16+8+4+0+0=28

19
What I Know
Let us determine how much you already know about our lesson. Take
this test.
Read each item carefully. Write True if the statement is correct, write False
otherwise.
______1. Accessing adult sites can cause viruses to creep into your storage.
______2. Use a fine-tip marker to write on the CD disc.
______3. Update your computer’s operating system with the latest patches.
______4. Pull your flash drive from the port right away after using it.
______5. Hold the CD disc by the outer edge and the center hole.
______6. Handle optical media by the sides.
______7. Keep dirt or other foreign matter away from the disc.
______8. Malware can infect the drive and destroy the ability of the computer
to boot.
______9. Backup your files in the same drive to avoid loss of data.
______10.Dusting out the inside of your computer on a monthly basis is
sufficient to keep RAM modules clean.

20
Lesson
3
Maintain Measuring
Instruments
It is better to observe some few practices in handling these hardware
components for them to last long and to avoid the chances of premature
failure.
What’s In
Look at the things around you inside your house. How will you
maintain these things? Cite some examples. Why is maintenance important?
What’s New
Check the computer you are using. What can you say about its
performance? Is it safe to connect a flash drive in it? Is the antivirus
updated? Open the system unit, does it accumulate dust? Computers work
well when they are taken care of.
It is recommended to visit this link
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9aFVjvCJcbk
to have some basic tips on computer maintenance.

21
What Is It
Maintain Measuring Instruments
MEMORY
The gold contacts at the bottom of your RAM must be clean and free of
debris to maintain a solid connection. If your RAM sticks are dirty, your
computer might not recognize that they’re installed and may sometimes
show a blue screen. Normally, dusting out the inside of your computer on a
monthly basis (more if the environment is unusually dusty) is sufficient to
keep RAM modules clean.
Holding a RAM without caution and proper anti-static protection could
break your precious memory module. Although this piece is sensitive and
delicate, it will not break if you handle the device correctly and properly. Here
are some safety measures in handling a RAM.
• Use anti-static wrist straps or anti-static clips to drain all the static
electricity that is present in your body and which you could acquire if
you have a carpeted floor.
• After taking the RAM out of your computer, do not place it anywhere
because it could be exposed to other elements (especially water or
anything moist) and it is better that you put it in an anti-static plastic
container first before placing the RAM in a safe location.
• If possible, wear thin rubber gloves when holding the RAM. Place your
fingers on the edge of its corners (the green plated part of the module
with plastic coating) to avoid the chances of damaging the sensitive
parts of the RAM.
HARD DISK DRIVE
Hard disk drive (HDD) can last for years when properly maintained.
Neglect can lead an HDD to fail sooner than it normally would and the
potential loss of valuable data.
Common causes for a drive failure include:
• Water damage
• Overheating
• Electrical faults
• Firmware corruption
• Damaged boot sector
• Mechanical failure

22
Be Careful about Downloading and Installing Software
One of the most common reasons clients need hard drive recovery
services is because malware has infected the drive and destroyed its ability to
boot.
Keep the Computer’s Components Free of Dust
Air circulation causes dust to collect inside the computer’s case, so it’s
important to periodically remove dust and debris to prevent electrical faults
or overheating.
Update the Computer’s Operating System with Critical Patches
By keeping the computer’s OS up to date with the latest patches, it’ll be
less likely to become infected with malicious software that can damage data
on its HDD.
Defragment the Drive Regularly
Large files can become scattered across the drive’s platter, which slows
the process of reading them and impacts a computer’s performance.
Defragmentation reorganizes all the software and data into an optimal
arrangement.
Delete Unused Software and Files Periodically
It’s important to maintain free space on a drive that the computer can
use for temporary storage. When its drive becomes too full, a computer can
slow to a crawl as it attempts to use the little free space left to juggle data.
REMOVABLE STORAGE DEVICES
Flash drives or thumb drives are also highly important mainly
because they contain files that you use in school or personal life. Failure to
properly take care of these devices and disks could result in irreversible loss
of essential data.
Avoid placing your removable disks on top of other electronic devices. If
you place your USB or other disk on top of your TV set, computer, gaming
platform, for a long period of time, this can lead to data damage.
Make it a point to eject your drive properly. Make sure you always “safely
remove” your removable device from your PC whenever you are about to
detach it. This prevents sudden data loss and damage to the drive. Pulling
your flash drive or memory card away from its PC socket without doing the
“safely remove” action can lead to total disk damage.

23
Maintain the integrity of your files. Monitor what goes in and out of the
drive. Accessing peer to peer software, adult sites, and sites with known
malware and spyware issues, can all cause viruses to creep into your PC
storage items and compromise the integrity of your files.
Keep it all safe. Sometimes, no matter how hard you try in protecting
your disks, they are subjected to wear, tear, and other unforeseen factors. To
make sure that you do not instantly lose important data, backup your files in
multiple locations.
OPTICAL MEDIA
CDs and DVDs are extremely delicate data storage media and any type
of mishandling can damage the CD or DVD thereby resulting in data loss.
Therefore, it is important for you to exert caution while using these optical
media.
Do:
1. Handle discs by the outer edge or the center hole.
2. Keep dirt or other foreign matter from the disc.
3. Store discs upright (book style) in plastic cases specified for CDs and
DVDs.
4. Store discs in a cool, dry, dark environment in which the air is clean.
5. Remove dirt, foreign material, fingerprints, smudges, and liquids by
wiping with a clean cotton fabric in a straight line from the center of the
disc toward the outer edge.
Do not:
1. Touch the surface of the disc.
2. Bend the disc.
3. Store discs horizontally for a long time (years).
4. Expose discs to extreme heat or high humidity.
5. Write or mark in the data area of the disc (the area the laser “reads”).
6. Clean by wiping in a direction going around the disc.
7. Scratch the label side of the disc.
8. Use a pen, pencil, or fine-tip marker to write on the disc.
9. Write on the disc with markers that contain solvents.
10.Try to peel off or reposition a label.

24
What’s More
Fill in the blanks with the correct word/s from the box to complete the
statement below.
Defragmentation mishandling
loss of data anti-static wrist straps
edge
1. Hard disk failure would result to __________________.
2. Any type of __________________ can damage the CD/DVD resulting to
data loss.
3. Use _____________ to drain the static electricity present in your body.
4. Place your fingers on the _______________ of its corners to avoid
damaging the sensitive parts of the RAM.
5. _________________ reorganizes all the software and data into an optimal
arrangement.
What I Have Learned
I will apply ______________________________________________

25
What I Can Do
Option A: Create a 3-minute video presentation on how to maintain the
following:
1. RAM
2. Files
3. Optical Disc
4. Flash drive
SCORING RUBRICS
Excellent
(15)
Adequate
(10)
Poor
(5)
Organization of
information. Presentation is
well developed. Information
is organized.
Quality of verbal
communication. Speaker’s
voice is confident, steady,
strong, and clear.
Visual and audio tools.
Enhances the effectiveness of
the presentation.
Option B: Explain how to maintain the following device. Write your answer in
your notebook.
1. RAM
2. Files
3. Optical Disc
4. Flash drive

26
Assessment
Modified True or False. Write True if the statement is correct.
Otherwise, underline the word that makes it false and write the word/s
to make the statement true.
1. It is important to maintain free space on a drive that the computer can
use for temporary storage.
2. Dusting out the inside of your computer on a yearly basis is sufficient
to keep RAM modules clean.
3. When holding the RAM, place your fingers on the center to avoid the
chances of damaging the sensitive parts.
4. A malware can destroy the ability of the drive to boot.
5. Defragmentation reorganizes all the hardware and data into an optimal
arrangement.
6. Make sure you sometimes “safely remove” your removable device from
your PC whenever you are about to detach it.
7. To make sure that you do not instantly lose important data, backup
your files in another folder.
8. Do not touch the surface of the CD Disc.
9. Write or mark in the data area of the disc the laser reads
10. Your computer will be more likely to become infected with malicious
software if you keep the computer’s OS up to date.
1. What are the common causes of a hard drive failure?
2. Why should we always safely remove our removable device before we
detach it from the port?
3. What is the importance of wearing anti-static wrist strap when holding
a component?

27
Answer Key
Assessment
1.
True
2.
Yearly
basis
Monthly
basis
3.
Center
Edges
4.
True
5.
Hardware
Software
6.
Sometimes
Always
7.
Another
folder
Multiple
drives
8.
True
9.
Write
or
mark
Do
not
write
or
mark
10.
More
likely
Less
likely
What's
More
1.
Loss
of
data
2.
Mishandling
3.
Anti-static
wrist
straps
4.
Edge
5.
Defragmentation
What
I
Know
1.
True
2.
False
3.
True
4.
False
5.
True
6.
False
7.
True
8.
True
9.
False
10.
True

28
References
LO 1:
• Biasong, Joy Kenneth Sala. 2013. slideshare.net. June 16. Accessed
June 15, 2020. https://www.slideshare.net/kenjoyb/k-to-12-pc-
hardware-servicing-learning-module
• De Vera, Psst. 2016. prezi.com. April 26. Accessed June 15, 2020.
https://prezi.com/xhb2fp2v9ulu/perform-mensuration-and-
calculation/
• magsipocarm05. 2019. fliphtml5.com. July 7. Accessed June 15, 2020.
https://fliphtml5.com/dwahv/umog/basic/
• Computer Hope. 2017. computerhope.com. October 11. Accessed
June 27, 2020.
https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/m/memory-module.htm
• Watson, Stephanie. howstuffworks.com. Accessed June 27, 2020.
https://electronics.howstuffworks.com/blu-ray3.htm
• Villinger, Sandro. 2019. avast.com. September 26. Accessed June
30, 2020. https://www.avast.com/c-what-is-ssd
LO 2:
• Paño, Khlaire. 2016. slideshare.net. February 23. Accessed June 17,
2020. https://www.slideshare.net/KhlairePao/digital-representation-
58607073
LO 3:
• pcdreams. 2016. pcdreams.com.sg. September 21. Accessed June 18,
2020. https://pcdreams.com.sg/how-to-take-care-of-your-pc-storage-
devices-
2/#:~:text=Your%20data%20storage%20devices%2C%20such,irreversi
ble%20loss%20of%20essential%20data.
• Byers, Fred. 2003. libguides.wustl.edu. October. Accessed June 18,
2020. https://libguides.wustl.edu/c.php?g=47429&p=303867
• Writer, Staff. 2016. howtodothings.com. Accessed June 18, 2020
http://www.howtodothings.com/computers-internet/how-to-properly-
handle-ram

29
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Schools Division of Negros Oriental
Kagawasan, Avenue, Daro, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental
Tel #: (035) 225 2376 / 541 1117
Email Address: negros.oriental@deped.gov.ph
Website: lrmds.depednodis.net

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