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CULTURE consists of the beliefs, behaviors,
objects, and other characteristics common to
the members of a particular group or society.
Through culture, people and groups define
themselves, conform to society's shared
values, and contribute to society.
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Activity 1: What makes Filipino tribes unique
in terms of cultural practices?
CULTURE MUSLIM CHRISTIAN OTHER IP
WEDDING
CEREMONY
BURIAL RITES
RELIGIOUS
PRACTICES
MARRIAGE
CUSTOMS
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6 PRIMARY CATEGORIES OF
DEFINING CULTURE
1. DESCRIPTIVE views culture as a total system
of customs, beliefs, knowledge, laws, means of
expression and so forth.
2. HISTORICAL views culture as the continuation
of generations.
3. NORMATIVE culture is related to value systems
that constructed social and personal behavior.
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6 PRIMARY CATEGORIES OF
DEFINING CULTURE
4. PSYCHOLOGICAL stresses culture’s role
in interpersonal relations.
5. STRUCTURAL CULTURE focuses on
relational aspects of cultural components
through abstraction.
6. SOCIO-GENETIC focuses on the genesis
and continued existence of a culture
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ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
OF CULTURE AND SOCIETY
“individuals are the product of their
culture” and “learning a culture is an
essential part of human
development"
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SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
CULTURE consists of tangible and intangible
components; biological, environmental and
historical forces shape and change culture;
and that culture is a tool that people use to
evaluate other societies and to adopt to
problems of living.
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SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
1. The Functionalist View of Culture
Societies operate smoothly only if their
members are able to meet the demands and
challenges of the environment in effective,
coordinated ways.
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SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
2. Conflict View of Culture
Society is not held together because everyone
learns and shares common cultural values. Conflict
theorists are concerned with how the groups that
control the means of material production impose
their products, values and norms on other group
10. de
3 SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE OF
CULTURE AND SOCIETY
3. Symbolic Interactionist View of Culture
They are not concerned with the functions of culture or with
the question of how a dominant culture is imposed on others.
They are more concerned with the symbolic properties of
culture. They define symbols as essential to civilization
because (1) cultures emerge and are perpetuated as a result
of symbols; (2) interaction between people cannot take place
without symbols, and (3) infants are transformed into human
beings when they acquire symbols.
11. Module 2 Lesson 2
SOCIETY and CULTURE AS A
COMPLEX WHOLE and ITS
ASPECTS
12. “Culture is viewed as a complex whole
which includes knowledge, beliefs, arts,
morals, law, customs, and any other
capabilities and habits acquired by
human as a member of society”
-Edward Tylor(founder of Modern Anthropology)
13. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
1.BELIEFS -are conceptions that people accept as
true about how the world operates and where
individuals fit in it.
14. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
2. VALUES -are general and shared perception of
what is good, right, appropriate and worthwhile, and
important with regard to modes of conduct as in the
case of self-reliance or obedience; and what which
concerns states of existence like freedom of choice
or equal opportunity.
15. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
2.1 THREE ELEMENTS OF VALUES
A. Halaga is the evaluative aspect as to what Filipinos
find most virtuous which constitute three dimensions:
(1) Pagkatao or selfworth
(2) pakikipagkapwa-tao or dignified relationship with
others
(3) Pagkamaka-tao or compassion
16. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
2.1 THREE ELEMENTS OF VALUES
B. Asal is the expression of the evaluative aspect of
Filipino value system which constitute three standards
(1) Kapwa or relational
(2) Damdamin or emotional
(3) Dangal or honor
17. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
2.1 THREE ELEMENTS OF VALUES
C. Diwa - refers to the kalooban or inner which in
essence is intertwined reason and emotion.
18. 4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
3. NORMS - the written and unwritten rules that specify the
behaviors appropriate to specific situations
a. Folkways are norms that apply to routine matters like
eating, sleeping, appearance, posture, use of appliances
and relations to various people, animals and the
environment.
b. Mores are norms that people define as pivotal to the
well-being of the group
19. bol
4 ASPECTS THAT MAKE
CULTURE AND SOCIETY A
COMPLEX WHOLE
4. SYMBOL - is any kind of physical phenomenon. It is a
word, an object, a color, a sound, a feeling, an odor, a
movement, a taste to which people assign a meaning or
values.
20. MODULE 2 Lesson 3
TOWARDS A HOLISTIC
APPRECIATION OF CULTURE
.
21. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY:
1.INNOVATION – the process of introducing a new
idea or object to a culture.
2 FORMS OF INNOVATION
A. Discovery involves making known or sharing
the existence of some aspect of reality.
B. Invention results when existing cultural items
are combined into a form that did not exist before
22. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY:
2. GLOBALIZATION – the world-wide integration of
government policies, cultures, social movements,
and financial markets through trade and the
exchange of ideas.
23. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY:
3. DIFFUSION - refer the process by which a cultural
item spreads from group to group or society.
24. THE DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURE IS BROUGHT ABOUT BY:
4. TECHNOLOGY - “cultural information about how
to use the material resources of the environment to
satisfy human needs and desires” - Gehard Lenski
(Sociologist)
